Behzad Salmani, Jaafar Hasani, Hamid Reza Hasan Abadi, Shahram Mohammad Khani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with or without metacognitive techniques and Zolpidem (10 mg) for people with chronic insomnia disorder. After assessing eligibility criteria, six patients included four female and two male entered the study. All patients allocated randomly to three treatments (CBT, CBT+ & Zolpidem 10 mg.) and assessed 6 times by research instruments. Results were analyzed by recovery percent, clinical significant index, effect size and diagnostic recovery. Results of the study showed that during post-treatment and 1-month & 3-months follow-up, patients who received CBT+ have higher rate of recovery in sleep efficiency and sleep quality than other patients. In terms of insomnia severity, CBT & CBT+ have no significant difference but both were superior to patients who received Zolpidem 10 mg. Also, patients who received Zolpidem (10 mg) failure to keep treatment achievements in follow-up. Adding metacognitive techniques to CBT increased its efficacy. Findings of this study could regard as a pilot information about new ways for raising efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia disorder.
Marzieh Paghandeh, Saeid Hassanzadeh, Sogand Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Hearing Impairment is one of the most complicated sensory impairments that has an effect on parenting stress and parent-child interaction. Parent-child interaction program taken from parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) theory which was developed by Sheila Eyberg resulted from her wide background on actor theory, traditional child psychotherapy and the first child development. In fact this program has used both attachment theory and social learning theory to gain access to ways of powerful parenting. So parent-child interaction is effective for a correct performance with the child and reduction of parenting stress especially for those who are hearing-impair and have parents who are not. Parents who have a child who is hearing-impaired have a negative cognitive evaluation of their abilities as parents so causing a reduction in mental health and well-being of parents. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of educational program of parent-child interaction for mothers who have a hearing-impaired child on reduction of parenting stress and relationship of parents with the child. The present study was of semi-experimental kind and used pre-test and post-test model and a follow-up step with control group. Sample included 30 preschool children with hearing impairment and their parents were purposefully selected and randomly put in two groups of experimental and control. Then before performing, parent-child interaction program was designed and edited by the researcher. This program included providing need assessment form and defining parent education parameters. In child directed interaction (CDI), reward, mimicry, reflection, description, enthusiasm, getting attention and in parent directed interaction (PDI) issuing good orders, encouraging discipline, punishing by standing on the chair because of disobedience and making authentic rules at home were considered. Subjects of experimental group received parent-child interaction program in 12 sessions during one month. To study parent-child interaction and parenting stress, parent-child relationship scale and parent stress scale were used. The findings showed mean of scores in parent-child interaction and parenting stress has been effective in father; but it increased more in control group in post-test in comparison with pre-test in mother. The results of the study showed the importance of parents' cooperation in parent-child interaction. It seems effectiveness of parent-child interaction program showed on improving the relationship of parents with child having a hearing impairment.
Amir Nabizadeh, Mehran Farhadi, Khosro Rashid, Rasoul Kordnoghabi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the neutralization of tactical defenses in Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Defensive Styles, Anxiety, and Fear of Intimacy. In fact, the purpose of this research that distinguishes it from the few studies in the Psychotherapy field is to study the structure of the conflict triangle (feeling, anxiety and defense) with an emphasis on interpersonal defenses. The method of this research was quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test with control group). Population of this study was all students from Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan (dormitories-central site) in the years 2017-2018. Twenty-six of them selected by voluntarily accessible sampling (non-randomized and random replacement sampling) in both experimental and control groups. Data of the research were collected by defense styles questionnaires, state- trait anxiety and fear of intimacy. Clients in the experimental group received each of the interventions (Questioning technique, Pressure, and challenge of the therapeutic protocol ISTDP) during 10 sessions in 45 minutes. Control group received no intervention. Results indicated that the neutralization of tactical defenses reduces the use of immature and neurotic defensive styles, and state and trait anxiety. However, treatment was not effective for increasing the use of mature defensive style and reducing fear of intimacy. The results of this study indicate that the removal of tactical or external defenses that rooted in fear of re-failure in the intimacy and emotional closeness can be effective in reducing interpersonal and interpersonal tensions. In addition, this kind of intervention could change some kind of defensive styles.
Shahram Vakili Heris, Sholeh Livarjani, Naeimeh Moheb,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
The aime of this study was to investigate a transdiagnostic model for explaining comorbidity between anxiety and depression based on the overcontrolling, sensivity to reward and sensivity to threat.The participants were 586 students of Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, University of Tabriz and Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in Iran. Data were collected by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), behavioural inhibtion/Behavioural activation scale (BAS/BIS), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (AEQ) and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). Sensitivity to reward with overcontrolling mediation affects anxiety and depression with standard coefficients of -0.29 and -0.36. Also, sensitivity to threat with standardized coefficients of 0.31 and 0.39, respectively, have a significant effect on anxiety and depression by the mediation of overcontrolling. Our findings proposes a suitable framework for explaining comorbidity between depression and anxiety. Low sensitivity to reward and high sensitivity to threat by the mediation role of overcontrolling could predict comorbidity between anxiety and depression. These findings can be useful in understanding the etiology of comorbid emotional disorders, and developing efficacious therapeutic interventions and prevention of comorbid emotional disorders.
Fatemeh Abdi, Shokoohsadat Banijamli, Hassan Ahadi, Shirin Koushki,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
According to the prevalence of cancer in Iran and the importance of women’ s suffering from breast cancer psychological survey, credit scoring of Resilience instrument has been used in this research. The questionnaire of Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) - including 25 questions-was answered by 202 breast cancers women who had been under treatment all over Tehran’s hospitals. Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been used for validity consideration.In the confirmatory factor analysis, all fitting indices have been found to be optimal and factor matrix has been calculated based on 2 factors. These two factors had totally 48/37% of total variance. The First Value was 10/75 that was 43/025% of total variance and the ratio of the first value to the second was 1/33 that it was 5/319 %of total variance. According to the results, in general the highest Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha was related to the first factor (α=0/935) and the least was relevant to the second factor (α=0/792) and for the whole factors, (α=0/942) is calculated which shows the high internal coordination. In conclusion, results have proved the accessibility of Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) instrument in women with breast cancer.
Shahrokh Makvand Hosseini, Fatemeh Azarfar, Parviz Sabahi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) techniques on quality of life in adolescent girls with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. In a semi-experimental design ,after screening, among the eligible individuals and 54 applicants were randomly divided into two equal groups according to the score level, Experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy in intensive group method (12 sessions twice a day, 3 times a week), while control group did not receive treatment. Participants completed the Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANCOVA). The results showed significant differences between the two groups in the post-test for the mean components:
1- Physical Function (0.003) 2- Role / Emotional Restriction (0.042) 3- Energy / Fatigue (0.001) 4- Emotional Well-being (0.001) 5- Social Function (0.003) 6- Pain (0.0010) 7- General Health (0.001) as well as total quality of life score (0.003).At 4-month follow-up, the results were also consistent in the components of physical performance (0.013), social performance (0.030), total quality of life (0.049).
Mahsa Jabbari, , Leili Panaghi, Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Mazaheri,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how Iranian experts and adolescents define the 24 character strengths. With this aim in mind, through on purpose method of sampling, semi-structured interviews about definitions of the 24 character strengths were conducted with ten specialists (including psychologists, counselors, and teachers). Furthermore, the opinions of two gender-segregated groups of nine grade students about character strengths’ definitions were discussed in focus groups for girls (N= 7) and for boys (N= 6). Students were selected based on their availability at the time of research and their willingness to take part in discussion groups. Data were analyzed using content analysis and directive approach. Results showed that there was conformity with Peterson and Seligman’s (2004) definitions and Iranian experts-adolescents’ definitions in twelve character strengths and also there were some differences in definitions of other character strengths (e.g., bravery, zest, and honesty). These similarities and differences were discussed. Based on the findings of this research, it can be claimed that there is almost compliance between definitions of the 24 character strengths in Iranian society and the definitions of the character strengths and virtues classification and this classification can be used in research related to this topic.
Majedeh Khosravi Larijani, Fatemeh Bahjati, Azadeh Choobforoush Zade,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that adherence requires admission and care, therefore it is recommended to increase the knowledge and to increase the motivation of patients to take care of themselves. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Intervention based on Informational–Motivational and Behavioral Skills (IMB) Self-Care Model on quality of life in students with diabetes. This study was an applied and quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-posttest with control group design with a population of children and adolescents with diabetes referring to diabetes mellitus center in Yazd. In addition, number of children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 who were selected by available sampling method. The quality of life questionnaire used. Based on covariance analysis. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of quality of life in terms of group membership. In addition, the intervention improved the quality of life in students with an impact rate of 23.6%. Given that information, patient motivation as well as his behavioral skills on recovery His life is effective. the informational–motivational and behavioral skills self-care model could be regarded as a useful model for promoting health among individuals with diabetes.
Somayeh Zare, Ahmad Alipoor, Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of is study, comparison the resiliency and health promoting lifestyle between thyroid dysfunction disease patients and healthy people. The method of present study is causal-comparative. The 200 patients (100 thyroid dysfunction patients and 100 healthy people) in endocrine clinics in Rasht city that was in 2017-2018. Tools for measuring the research variables were Resiliency (Connor-Davidson, 2003), health promoting lifestyle test (Walker,1987). Data were analyzed by multiple analysis of variance. The result showed that the relationship resiliency and health promoting lifestyle between thyroid dysfunction disease patients and healthy people is significant (P=0/001, β=0/22). The mean scores of patients with thyroid dysfunction in resiliency and health-promoting lifestyle and their components (except in stress management) is significantly lower than the healthy people (P<0.05). According to the study, of thyroid dysfunction disease with indicators of resiliency and health-promoting lifestyle was a significant relationship, It seems that the levels of resiliency and health-promoting lifestyle can be associated with the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction disease.
Maryam Shafaghdoost, Fatemeh Shahamat Dehsorkh,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
This study has aimed to investigate the mediating role of the object relations and defense mechanisms in relation between family function and percived mental health. relations. General health questioner, family assessment device, Bell's object relation inventory and defense style questionnaire were administrated on a sample of 300 students (195 girls and 105 boys). Participants were selected, using multi-stage cluster sampling, from Khayyam University. Data were studied through path analysis method. Results indicated that object relations and mature defense mechanisms of ego played a mediating role in relation between family function and mental health. However, the immature and neurotic mechanisms of ego did not have a mediating role. Being compatible with object relation theory, this research revealed that family functions enhance mental health through affecting object relation and defense mechanisms.
Mehdi Akbari,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of personal values in the relationship between neuroticism and problematic internet use (PIU) in the student population. The statistical population of this study included all university students of Tehran city. 358 undergraduate students of Tehran, Kharazmi and Shahid Beheshti universities were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the Internet Abusive Use questionnaire, the Valued Living Questionnaire, and the Neuroticism-NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling as implemented in SPSS-20 and LISREL-8.53 software. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the conceptual model of the research fitted well with the experimental data and the personal values played a full mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and PIU. The results of path analysis also showed that neuroticism has the most indirect effect on PIU through family relations value, intimate relation value, spirituality-religion value, physical well-being value, social relations value and learning. It can be concluded from the results of the study that personal values play as a full mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and PIU and in the presence of personal values, direct path neuroticism and PIU was no longer meaningful.
Kobra Ghasemi, Tahereh Elahi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of experiential avoidance in relationship of early maladaptive schemas with illness anxiety. The research was carried out using correlation method on 308 students of Qazvin University who were selected with convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Early maladaptive Scheme (Young), hypochondrias (Evans) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaires (Hayes). Results showed a significant role of schemas of impaired autonomy - performance and impaired limits domains in illness anxiety. Also, the role of vulnerability to harm or illness and entitlement/undeveloped schemas was significant predictor of illness anxiety. The results of hierarchical regression showed that the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between vulnerability to harm or illness and entitlement/ undeveloped schemas with illness anxiety severity was significant. It could be concluded the experiential avoidance and early maladaptive schemas were contributed in the maintenance of illness anxiety.
Niloofar Kianrad, Dr Hamid Taher Neshatdoost, Dr Mehdi Reza Sarafraz,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
The human mental organization has a behavioral regulative principle that operates based on certain conscious and unconscious needs. Experience of stress disrupts human mental structure and results in symptoms of psychological and physical disorders. One source of stress is having ailing children. Accordingly, this study investigates self-regulation mediational processes in the context of perceived stress in mothers of children diagnosed with cancer. The convenience sample of this study consisted of 245 mothers, who volunteered to participate and were administered the following questionnaires: Integrative self-knowledge; Self-control Scale; Self-compassion Scale; perceived stress and Chronic Self-destructiveness Scale, body-symptoms checklist. Analysis of the survey data was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis suggests that perceived stress is mediated through self-regulation for self-destructiveness, physical symptoms, and unpleasant self-relevant through. Therefore, exposure to stress has destructive effects both in terms of physical symptoms and on an emotional and behavioral level. The authors concluded that self-regulation was a supportive variable, helping individuals cope better with unpleasant events, retrieve their ideal mental balance and maintain their mental organization. It is implied that based on a self-regulation model, effective management of one’s mental organization can improve an individual’s capacity to effectively cope with inevitable sources of stress.
Hamid Khanipour, Reza Azimi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Psychological research in Iran had a unidimensional development and the research programs was influenced by naïve realism and blind positivism. More Recent epistemological tradition like social constructionism and discursive methodologies were ignored in psychological theories and research. The aims of this study were (1) Describing methodological issues in discursive research methods; (2) applying discursive research methods in health psychology. Discourse as a concept is derived from an ontological criticism toward the definition of science based on the objective reality and empiricism. Relying only on the objectivism and empiricism for studying human phenomena is inconsistent with some of the human mind features like intentionality and desire for cognitive consistency. Discursive approaches in health psychology is appropriate for investigating phenomena like noncompliance, representation of illness in patients’ mind and factors affecting in holding responsibility in health-related behaviors. Furthermore, discursive methods could reveal how social discourse and social power could determine the definition of health and responsivity for health related issues. Some of the main analytic methods in discursive methodologies are conversation analysis, identification the discursive performance, finding discursive strategies, and discovering interpretative repertoires. Discursive methodologies could investigate health from the ways of applying language in social context and produce knowledge related to ways people position themselves toward health discourses. So, applying discursive methodologies in health psychology could help health psychologists to find better ways to promote health care and produce novel insights about how clients construct health and illness.
Somayeh Naghavi, Parisa Faraji, Bardia Nemati,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
| In many of heart patients coronary artery bypass surgery is the best choice for treatment. Two types of techniques are used in this type of surgery. One of them is on-pomp surgery and another is off-pomp surgery. Based on some studies, patients experience some complications after surgery, including: depression, anxiety and decreases in cognitive performance. In this study, the patients psychological conditions and memory functioning which is one of cognitive function are described before and after surgery in two groups. Descriptive- comparative method is used. Total of 62 patients participated in this study, convenience Sampling is used. At the first patients one day before and then two months after surgery were evaluated. Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) and also, Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R) are used. Results showed that patients in both groups had similar preoperative psychological conditions. The groups showed differences in memory function, on-pomp group showed significant decreases in memory functioning after surgery. According to these results, it seems temporary heart failure and use of cardiopulmonary pump device during surgery, leading to a decline in cognitive function. Because of these, should consider some interventions to improve memory function and psychological conditions of cardiac patients that undergoing cardiovascular surgery. |
Mr Hadi Panahi, Firoozeh Ghazanfari, Simin Gholamrezayee, Masoud Sadeghi, Mohammad-Ali Sepahvandi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a model of generalized anxiety disorder in preschool children in Tehran. The present study was conducted in a qualitative method using a grounded theory approach. 19 child specialists (psychologist / psychiatrist) were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured and interactive interviews to reach information saturation. MAXQDA version 18.2.0 software was used for data analysis. In open coding, 141 primary codes were obtained, which were categorized into 21 thematic categories based on thematic similarity, in axial coding. In the third stage or selective coding, generalized anxiety disorder was identified as the central or major variable. Understanding the causes of generalized anxiety disorder can help families, therapists, and mental health policy-makers to improve the conditions that cause the disorder.
Fatemeh Mahmoudi, Zohre Khosravi, ژ Mehrangiz Paivastegar, Roshanak Khodabakhsh Pirkalani,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
Recovery is a process by which one promotes health, lives meaningfully, and participates in a community outside the mental health system. Focusing on biotherapeutics and drug therapy has neglected to consider the non-biological factors affecting recovery and planning for its correction. The present study aimed to develop a comprehensive and integrated model for facilitators of recovery in bipolar disorder. This research was a qualitative and grounded theory study. Participants were 31 individuals with ameliorated bipolar disorder who were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected using triangulation method (semi-structured interview, narrative interview and interview with family member). Systematic method of Strauss and Corbin was used for data analysis. The model extracted includes causal conditions, mediators, strategies, and recovery outcomes in people with bipolar disorder. The categories extracted include individual (low sensitivity to stigma disorder, positive attitude, active lifestyle, balanced spirituality, intimacy perception, internal control locus), family (positive family atmosphere and family awareness and participation), and social (social support, Positive image of community, perception of justice, low social stigma, employment and social networks). This finding could be a step towards multidimensional treatment of bipolar disorder and focus on its non-biological aspects.
Mikaya Mahrooz, Mohammad Mahdi Shamsaee, Ruhollah Baratian,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of tolerance training on mental health and adjustment in primary school children. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school children in Gorgan. Out of this population, 170 students completed the Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (CSI-4), Sprafkin et al. (1984) and Dokhanchi Adaptation Questionnaire (1998). Of these, 30 children who achieved a mean score in the tests were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Then life value training sessions were conducted in 9 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS 22 software. The results showed that tolerance training improved the fitness and mental health of the statistical sample. Given the content of the intervention, it is suggested that life values such as tolerance be taught in group games to take a fundamental step in improving and promoting children's mental health and adaptability.
Seyed Hossein Seid, Alireza Rajaei, Mahmod Borjali,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
| One of the disabling disorders of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis. Chronic illness, lack of definitive treatment, and involvement of young patients lead to psychological disorders and identity crises. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of behavioral activation group training and anger management group cognitive-behavioral training on identity crisis in patients with multiple sclerosis. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. From the statistical population of which all female patients with multiple sclerosis who were members of Karaj Emam Association, 45 were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each. Experimental group 1 received 10 sessions of behavioral activation training and experimental group 2 received anger management training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no intervention. The research tool was Identity Crisis Questionnaire. The identity crisis questionnaire was administered in two stages of pre-test and post-test to collect data on each subject group. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that group training of behavioral activation and group training of anger management with cognitive-behavioral approach resulted in reduction of identity crisis in MS patients (p <0.05). Regarding the effectiveness of the training provided, it can be said that teaching these skills to the patients can be effective in reducing many of their problems and their use in promoting health and creating a positive attitude in Patients' lives are essential. |
Mis Fateme Malekshahi Beiranvand, Mis Roshanak Khodabaksh Pirkalani, Mis Zohreh Khosravi, Mis Farideh Ameri,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of adding death-based intervention to cognitive-behavioral therapy on symptoms of panic and death anxiety among patients with panic disorder. It is also compared with cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder as usual treatment. The research population comprised female patients with panic disorder referred to one of the psychiatric and counseling centers to treat in Qom city in 2019. Due to the limitation of the statistical population, the samples were selected through available sampling technique. The clients were interviewed by the researcher in addition to the psychiatrist's diagnosis. The total number of patients had cooperated in the research were 10, 11 and 9 in the first experimental group , second experimental group and control group, respectively. Templar Death Anxiety Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire were used for gathering information. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.The results showed that the mean score of death anxiety and panic symptoms for both groups of the post-test and follow-up in death awareness-based intervention were significantly lower in comparison with the cognitive-behavioral and the control groups. According to the research findings, it seems that treatment of panic disorder would be more effective by reducing or eliminating death anxiety simultaneously. In addition, it would be reduced the risk of recurrence.
