Journal of

---

The purpose of present study was to compare perfectionism, negative affect and brain-behavioral systems in individualsl with and without bulimia.  To achieve this, of treatment center clients, 70 bulimia nervosa patients were selected through purposeful sampling,.Furthermore,70 normal persons were selected through purposeful sampling who were matched with the control group in terms of demographic characteristics. To collect the data, the Hewitt and Flett multidimensional perfectionism scale, Hed depression and anxiety scale and Carver and White’s brain-behavioral systems questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed by multiple analysis of variance  (MANOVA). Results revealed that there was significant difference between patient group and normal group in perfectionism, negative affect and brain-behavioral systems.Furthermore, Bulimia nervosa patients, in comparison with normal group, reported higher levels of perfectionism, negative affect and BAS. Also normal group showed higher level of BIS in comparison with bulimia nervosa patients.

---

Recently, the study of cognitive processes in impulsive individuals has attracted the researchers’ attention. Considering impulsivity as a multidimensional construct, this study was performed to compare cognitive processing speed in 80 female college students who, on the basis of their scores on UPPS Impulsivity Scale (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001), were divided into four groups (n=20 for each) which were dominant in one of the impulsivity components (i.e. Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Lack of Perseverance, Sensation seeking). Reaction time task was administered on all participants in two positive and negative mood contexts (which was induced by music). Results revealed a significant difference between the functioning of Urgency group and two other groups (Lack of Premeditation & Lack of Perseverance) in negative mood context. There were no significant differences between four groups’ functioning in positive mood context. The role of impulsivity dimensions and mood context on cognitive processing speed was discussed. In general the findings of present research emphasize the multidimensional concept of impulsivity & provide new guides to study lateralized cognitive processes according to personality constructs.

---

This study investigated the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy, group logo therapy and the combination of these methods in the increase of social adjustment in maladjustment students. The sample of the study included 60 maladjustment male students in the 2^nd district of Rey city who were recognized maladjustment by adjustment inventory of high school students (AISS). Then, they were randomly divided into four groups. All the students completed the social adjustment scale, developed in the University of California, in the pre-test step. The first group underwent group cognitive behavioral therapy, the second group underwent group logo therapy, the third group underwent both group CBT and group logo therapy, and the fourth group (control group) received no intervention. Then, in the post-test step, California’s social adjustment scale was administered in four groups. Changes occurred in the four groups were compared through analysis of variance and post-hoc test. Results of the analysis of variance showed that social adjustment scores increased significantly in the post-test (P<0/001). Results of Tukey’s test indicated that the three treatment methods had an effect in increasing the students’ social adjustment, but the combination of group cognitive behavioral therapy and group logo therapy had better effect than the two separate treatment methods. As a whole, results of this study showed that the combination treatment could increase the social adjustment significantly.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship of family environment, socioeconomic status and cognitive affect regulation strategies with externalizing and internalizing syndromes in adolescents. To explore the mentioned relations, a sample of 1647 (840 girls, 807 boys) high school students was selected by multi-stage sampling method. All participants were asked to complete the Family Environment Scale (FES), Inventory of Cognitive Affect Regulation Strategies (ICARUS) and Youth Self-Report form of Achenbach's ASEBA school-age forms. There were correlations between most of variables of family environment, cognitive affect regulation strategies and internalizing and externalizing syndromes. For evaluating adequacy and Goodness of fitness of the model, RMR, RMSEA, CFI, AGFI, GFI, X2, X2/df, indices were computed. Findings supported the goodness of fitness of suggested model in this study. Results of this study Show that cognitive affect regulation strategies, family environment and socioeconomic status can predict internalizing and externalizing syndromes in adolescents. For the Psychotherapy in adolescents with affective-Behavioral disorders paying attention to evaluation of adolescent's Cognitive affect regulation strategies, family environment and socioeconomic status is suggested.

---

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors and facets of Five Factor Model in people with
borderline and schizotypal personality traits.190 Kharazmi university students completed three
questionnaires: Goldberg Inventory, Borderline personality Inventory (BPI) and Schizotypal Personality
Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B). Participants, according to cut off points of Borderline personality Inventory and
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief, were classified into four groups: high borderline trait, low
borderline trait, high schizotypal trait and low schizotypal trait. When the results of discriminant function for borderline and schizotypal groups were obtained, people who were determined as real borderline and real schizotypal were classified into
two groups named typical borderline and typical schizotypal. Data were analyzed using discriminant
analysis.SPSS.22 was used in order to analyze data. Findings showed that both factors and facets of Five
Factor Model could determine people with borderline and schizotypal personality traits in all six groups. In
the factor level, openness to experience and extraversion and in the facet level, gregariousness, orderliness, tranquility and organization were the best discriminants in typical borderline and typical schizotypal groups respectively.

---

To examine the impacts of a skill training program based on neuro- dramatic plays in attachment theory framework on infant mental health, 90 pregnant mothers were selected and randomly were divided into three groups: prenatal and postnatal group (30), postnatal group (30) and control group (30). Inclusion criteria in were maternal mental health, mothers’ age (20-35), mothers’ education (diploma-Ph.D.) and being first time mother. Infant mental health was evaluated when the infants were 6-month old using ADBB and an interview based on 0-3. Of the sample, 33% of postnatal group and 40% of control group had some signs of danger in ADBB; however the prenatal and postnatal group hadn’t any symptom. The results were consistent to interviews. As predicted, educating mothers to play and response to their infants from pregnancy could be an effective intervention on their infants’ mental health. It seemed neurodramatic plays could be an appropriate and effective treatment that could be enriched parenting training manuals and early preventions interventions for infants. 

---

Acceptance enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) is a combination of Habit reversal and Acceptance –Commitment Therapy. In the present study the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing symptoms of patients with Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors ( BFRBS) as kind of Trichotillomania, Skin picking and Nail biting disorder was examined. This study used multiplebaseline design which was on of the single subject design. Treatment was conducted on the six patients (two patients for each disorder) through 10 sessions. after tratment session, patients were assessed after three month later. Data was gathered by  Massachusetts Hospital – Hair pulling Scale, Skin Picking Scale questionnaire and Nail biting scale. Data were  analyized by using visual acuity chart, recovery rate and clinical significance. Findings  showed that AEBT could be effective in the treatment of patients with BFRBS. The treatment caused significant reduction in the patient’s symptoms and follow-up over three month revealed that the treatment effects were maintained. it seemed that adding acceptance based intervention to conventional behavioural therapy thechnique could be effective in reducing Body focused repetitive behaviors problems.
 

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between attachment styles and online gambling addiction in adolescents. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was all male adolescents in district one of Tehran, from which a sample of 234 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were Wells Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire,Wang and Chang online game addiction,and Collins and Reed attachment style. Relationships between variables were performed by Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling test using partial least squares method. Pearson correlation test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between secure attachment with metacognition and online gambling addiction and between positive avoidance and anxiety with metacognition and online gambling addiction and a positive and significant relationship between metacognition and online gambling addiction (0.05>P)existed. It also clarified the indirect relationship between the dimensions of attachment and online gambling addiction through metacognition and showed that metacognition plays a mediating role in the relationship between the dimensions of attachment and online gambling addiction. It is suggested that psychologists emphasize the role of attachment and metacognition dimensions for preventive interventions and awareness-raising for families and schools.

---

This research was conducted to predict work well-being based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in nurses in Tehran. The statistical population of the current research was nurses working in three shifts in 4 hospitals in Tehran, which are Razi Hospital, Azadi Hospital, Milad Hospital, and Sina Hospital in 1401, and the sample group was selected by available sampling consisting of 110 people. and were evaluated with three questionnaires, Psychological Flexibility (2010), Perma Questionnaire at the Workplace (2014), and Basic Psychological Needs Standards Questionnaire (2000). The results showed that work well-being can be predicted based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility. As a result of these findings and research results, it should be said that the existence of all kinds of problems and lack of motivation at work causes stress and lower work well-being and lowers the level of job quality. In this regard, it is suggested to hold meetings aimed at training cognitive flexibility and basic psychological needs for nurses to increase work well-being and reduce stress and problems.

---

The Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scale (CASES) proposes a new three-component structure of empathy. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scale, the statistical population consisted of all students aged 18 to 50 years studying at Tabriz University in the academic year 2022-2023, selected through convenience sampling. The instruments used in the study included the CASES, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ), and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's coefficient with SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using internal consistency methods. For convergent validity, the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (2018), Davis’s Interpersonal Reactivity Index (1983), and Gard’s Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (2006) were used. The results of reliability calculation using Cronbach's alpha showed coefficients above 0.70. Confirmatory Factor Analysis also indicated that the three-factor solution had a better fit. The correlation analysis results support the validity of this scale. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scale has appropriate reliability and validity.