Research in psychological health

Concepts of Health and Disease in Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures: A Cross-Cultural Study

Although in the literature of the study the concepts of health and disease have been considered deeply dependent on each other, it seems that to differentiate them , indexes are needed which make clear both similar cultural characteristics and different cultural characteristics .In this study, an attempt was made to provide a new description of the classification of the mental health and disease and to investigate the role of different feelings in differentiating health from disease in Iranian collectivistic culture and Swedish individualistic culture. In this study, of a group of Iranian students (n=296) and of a group of Swedish students (n=310), a sample of students were selected. Results of the study showed that in the Iranian society there was a relationship between the mental health and balance affect while in the Swedish society there was a more significant relationship between the mental health and positive affect. It seems that in the typology of healthy and sick people there are four flourishing, languishing, trouble and symptomatic groups and that the positive and balance affects can differentiate these groups.

A Comparison of the Recognition of Disgust between Patients with Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Healthy People

elham Mousavyan

The goal of this research was to compare the recognition of disgust between patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy people, and to study the relationship between the intensity of this disorder and the ability of the recognition of disgust. In this causal-comparative research, facial emotion recognition has been studied in two groups consisting of 15 normal people and 15 people with severe OCD. Facial emotion recognition was assessed by using of 41 pictures of Ekman and Friesen (1979) that evaluates 6 different emotion styles (sadness, happiness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise) and neutral emotion. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the recognition of disgust ( F=3, P=0/04).Since the situation in which OCD patients experienced disgust was different from the situations in which the normal people experienced disgust, we can consider the different perception of disgust in these individuals as one of the underlying causes of having the symptoms of OCD, specially preoccupation about the air pollution. It seems that there is a defect of the recognition of disgust only in people with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A Comparison of the Feeling of Hostility between Women with and without AIDS Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the feeling of hostility between prostitutes affected with AIDS(active group) , women get infected through their husbands(passive group) and the normal women. The study sample contained 90 women and of them 60 women admitted to Imam-Khomeini Hospital for AIDS. Of these 60 women, 30 of them got infected through their various sexual partners and the other 30 women got infected through their spouses. The rest of 30 women were without AIDS and like the other two groups had one children and had an educational degree ranging from dipolamo to bachelor. Redford- Williams Hostility Inventory(RWHI) was used to gather required data. To examine research hypothesis ANOVA & x2 were used. According to results, the feeling of hostility in the normal group was signifcantly less than the feeling of hostility in the active and passive groups. In addition, there was significant differences between the active and passive groups in terms of the feeling of hostility.Given the higher feeling of hosility in prostitutes and the possibility of resulting hostile acts and of not observing safe sex, it is necessary to pay more attention to these women ,support them and provide the necessary helps for them. Furthermore, an appropriate planning is needed for providing medical,cultural and pyschological services for this women and for increasing the knowledge of society

Structural Relations of the Tendency to Drug Abuse and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems: Mediating Role of Personality Traits, Alexithymia and Attachment Styles

This study aimed at predicting the tendency to drug abuse based on personality traits, alexithymia, attachment styles and behavioral inhibition/activation systems. In

a sample of 345 students, selected from the students of Islamic Azad University of Andimeshk, khozestan through stage random sampling method, the model for the path of drug abuse was investigated. Then each subject was asked to complete five questionnaires including PS (APS), behavioral inhibition and activation system scale (BIS/BAS), short form NEO Personality Inventory (NEOPI- FF) ,Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20) attachment adult scale(RASS).The results showed that the predicting capacity of inhibition /activation system changed when the mediating variables were included.This indicated the mediating role of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeability, responsibility and avoidance/ ambivalence attachment styles and alexithymia in the behavioral

inhibition/activation systems and tendency to drug abuse. Behavioral activation system lead to the reduction of the tendency to drug abuse and behavioral inhibition system lead to the increase of the tendency to drug abuse. Neuroticism and ambivalent/avoidance attachment style, and alexithymia were the mechanisms reducing or increasing the effect of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on the tendency to drug abuse.

The role of Rumination Subtypes, Hopelessness and Depression in the Prediction of Suicidal Ideations in College Students

In recent years, rumination has been used in the etiology of depression and hopelessness as two proximal predictors of suicide ideation and behavior. But findings have been inconsistent with respect to the role of rumination subtypes in the prediction of suicidal ideation and it was supposed that reflection (focusing on the causes of depressed mood) was a more adaptive form than the brooding (focusing on the results of depressed mood). The present study, in the context of Ruminative Response style theory of depression, aimed at examining the role of rumination and its subtypes along with depression and hopelessness in the prediction of suicidal ideation. To this end, 177 undergraduate students with scores of 10 or higher in BDI-II were asked to complete rumination and hopelessness scales and questions about suicide ideation. Using logistic regression technique, it was shown that this model could predict 59.3% of the likelihood of the presence of suicidal ideation. This study was in line with earlier studies which have presumed reflection as the more adaptive subtype. Results also suggested that there was a greater correlation between rumination, its subtypes and suicidal ideation in females. This study also emphasizes the use of interventions targeting rumination in order to prevent suicidal ideations.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Self-Efficacy and Lifestyle Related to Weight Loss

This research has been developed with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on the self-efficacy of lifestyle related to weight and weight loss .In order to achieve this goal, through a semi-experimental design with a pretest and a posttest , all female students of Bu Ali Sina university whose index of body mass was between 25 and 35 were interviewed ,and then 30 of them who had the criteria of participating in schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy sessions were chosen as the available samples and then were put randomly into three groups (two experimental groups and a control group).The first group received schema therapy for 10 one-hour sessions, the second group received cognitive behavior therapy for 10 one-hour sessions and the third group as the control group received no intervention. The gathered data were analyzed through covariance analysis. The results showed that both schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy had a positive effect on the improvement of the self-efficacy of lifestyle related to weight gain and weight loss. However, the efficacy of the schema therapy was more than the efficacy of the cognitive behavior therapy. Furthermore, no change occurred in the control group during the process of assessment. Generally, both schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy had an effect on the increase of the sense of control over areas of lifestyle related to weight and weight control.

Effectiveness of Parent Behavioral Training on Hyperactivity/ Impulsivity and Rule-Breaking Behaviors in Children with ADHD (Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Domain Type)

The present study aimed to investigating the effect of using parental behavioral training for mothers on
reducing hyperactivity symptoms and rule-breaking behaviors of their 9-11 year old children with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and posttest
and control groups. To do so, 30 mothers of children with ADHD (hyperactivity-impulsivity domain type) were selected through convenience
sampling method, and then they were put into two experimental and control groups after being matched.
The research tools of the study included children behavior checklist, CSI-4 and Conners parent rating scale. The parent behavioral training was performed in nine sessions in the experimental group. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results indicated the effectiveness of experimental treatment on the reduced scores of hyperactivity/impulsivity in the children of the mothers in the experimental group compared with the children of the mothers in the control group. The results also showed the reduction of rule-breaking behaviors in children of the experimental group mothers. Generally speaking, the findings demonstrated that parental behavioral training reduced behavioral problems and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. So, through parent behavioral training, symptoms can be
managed.
Keywords: ADHD