http://rph.khu.ac.ir - Journal articles for year 2014, Volume 7, Number 2 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com en 2014/3/10 http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1694&sid=1&slc_lang=en The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and contribution of infertility stress, coping styles with stress, personality traits and social support in the marital adjustment of infertile women. In this study,causal comparative or "exposit facto" research ‎method was used. Population of the study included 201 women who were selected through availability sampling method from those visiting VALI-e-ASR Reproductive Health Research Center. Research tools of the study included the Gadroon's Big Five Factor, The Fertility Problem Inventory, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. In order to analyze the data, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Regression analysis were used. The results indicated that there were significant relationships between the variables of this study. It was also revealed that social concern, important others, extroversion, emotional coping style, need for parenthood and sexual concern were suitable predictors of the marital adjustment. In sum, the results of the study put an emphasis on the importance of the psychological-Social factors in marital adjustment.  S, Hosseini http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1695&sid=1&slc_lang=en This study aimed at investigating the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, social anxiety and shyness considering the mediating role of emotion regulation. 700 high school students completed the Stanford Shyness and Social Anxiety questionnaires. According to the extreme scores in the scales, 110 subjects were selected as shy individuals and 46 subjects were selected as individuals with the social anxiety disorder. To distinguish the shy people with/without symptoms of social anxiety, the SPIN were performed on shy sample again and based on the extreme scores, there were 45 subjects with social anxiety symptoms and 60 subjects without social anxiety symptoms. 43 subjects in all three groups completed Emotion Regulation and Metacognitive Beliefs questionnaires. The results showed significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs, emotion regulationstrategies and social anxiety and shyness with/without symptoms of social anxiety. There was a significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs and suppression in social anxiety sample and between metacognitive beliefs and cognitive reappraisal in the shy group with symptoms but there was no significant relationship in shy group without symptoms. Regression analysis showed that some components if metacognitive beliefs including negative beliefs and thought control through suppression could predict the social anxiety better and those components of positive belief and cognitive assurance through cognitive reappraisal could predict the shyness with the symptoms of social anxiety. The results showed that the metacognitive beliefs could predict the shyness without the symptoms of anxiety through the mediation of emotion regulation. M, Shahgholian http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1696&sid=1&slc_lang=en The present study was intended to study the effectiveness of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the quality of life in the older people suffering from Parkinson disease. The methodology of the study was a semi- experimental with pre- test and post- test design along with a control group selected from the population of old people suffering from Parkinson disease. Sample of the study included 40 individuals who were selected by availability sampling method then they were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent the CBTO treatment for 10 sessions. Research tools of the study included demographic questionnaire and quality of life scale, prepared by WHO, that were administered in two stages, i.e. pre-test and post- test. Research findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy had an effect on the quality of life including physical health, psychological health, and social relations, but no significant difference was seen in the dimension of the life environment. Thus, it was concluded that it was necessary to make efforts to enhance the quality of life for the old people suffering from Parkinson disease and that CBTO treatment may cause the improvement of the quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease. Therefore, this method may be employed in the hospitals and asylums as a complementary treatment. Consequently, it is recommended to present cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) along with other medical interventions as a part of treatment and medical care for the patients suffering from Parkinson disease. Z, Barghi Irani http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1697&sid=1&slc_lang=en The aim of this research was to investigate the executive functions in two groups of individuals with opioid-dependent, amphetamine- dependent and to compare them with the executive functions in the individuals of the control group. Executive functions were investigated in 4 sub-scales including working memory sustain attention, inhibitory control and planning. To do so, 90 participants were selected via simple nonrandom or convenience sampling. Of these participants, 30 individuals were opioid-dependent, 30 individuals were amphetamine dependent and 30 individuals were healthy. Subjects of the study were evaluated using color-word Stroop, Wisconsin card sorting, continuous performance and digit span sub-scale test. The results of one way analysis of variance indicated significant deficits in amphetamine dependent group in 4 sub-scales of executive functions, but opioid dependent individuals had deficits in inhibitory control and planning compared to the control group. As a result, there were more deficits in the executive functions of amphetamine group in comparison to the opioid-dependent and control group. There were fewer deficits in the opioid-dependent group in comparison to the Amphetamine- dependent group. M, Akbarzadeh http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1698&sid=1&slc_lang=en Purpose of the present study was to compare the hypochondria and the mental health of the mothers of children with the special needs and the mothers of normal children in Isfahan. It was a descriptive causative-comparison study and by using convenience sampling method, 90 mothers of disabled children (30 children with Down syndrome, 30 with autism and 30 with cerebral palsy) from the rehabilitation centers in the north of Isfahan were selected as the experimental group and by multistage random sampling method, 30 mothers of normal children of primary schools in Isfahan were selected as the control group. Ahwaz Hypo-chondriasis Test and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire were applied to assess the participants' status and the gathered data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results revealed that, in general, there was a meaningful difference between the mothers of children with special needs and the mothers of normal children in terms of hypochondria and mental health. Moreover, paired comparisons indicated that there was a significant difference between the mothers of disabled and normal children in terms of the mental health. Furthermore, in comparison to the mothers of normal children, there was a significant difference between the mothers of children with cerebral palsy and autism in terms of hypochondria however, there was no significant difference between the mothers of children with Down syndrome and the mothers of normal children in this term. According to the findings of this research, stresses resulting from having disabled children could endanger the mothers' mental and physical health and the specialists should consider this issue when they deal with such families. S, Safari http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1699&sid=1&slc_lang=en Mentally retarded children impose an extra stress on their parents especially on their mothers. Coping skills can be used by the parents to relieve the stress and to improve the adaptation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of training on the social adaptation of educable mentally-retarded children’s mothers based on Roy adaptation theory. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 40 mothers whose educable mentally retarded children went to the exceptional school in Aran and Bidgol during 2010-2011. Intervention consisted of four two-hour sessions, supplemented by a 30 minute conversation between the interviewer and the candidate within 2 weeks. Coping skills program was based on the dimensions of Roy theory. Adaptation questionnaire was completed before and 6 weeks after the completion of intervention by the participants. The mean scores of mothers’ social adaptation had significant difference before and after the training in physiological, self-concept, dependence/independence, role-playing dimensions and total social adaptation. According to the results of the study, the training based on the Roy theory had a positive effect on the social adaptation of mentally retarded children’s mothers. Z, Aliakbarzade Arani http://system.khu.ac.ir/rph/browse.php?a_id=1701&sid=1&slc_lang=en Given the importance of the self-compassion construct as a criterion for mental well-being, this research was conducted in order to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Self Compassion Scale. All students of Urmia Islamic Azad University in the academic 2010-2011 year were considered as the population of the study. Of this population, 220 students (99 males and 121 females) were selected randomly to participate in the study. The subjects responded individually to the self-compassion and beck depression questionnaires and big five personality scale at their classrooms. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors with a value of higher than 1 that could were explain 63/47 % of the variance together. Indexes of the fitness of the confirmatory factor analysis model also confirmed six factor model of this scale. Results of the Pearson correlation showed negative relationship between the self-compassion, depression and personality traits, especially neuroticism. Alpha cronbach coefficients for the subscales and the total score of the scale were obtained in the range of 0/65 -0/92. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the self-compassion scale enjoyed a quite well validity and reliability to be used in university student populations. Sajjad Basharpoor