fa بررسی کالوس‌زایی در گیاه دارویی آب‌بشقابی بیوتکنولوژی Biotechnology مقاله پژوهشی Original Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">گياه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">آب‌بشقابی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">به‌واسطه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">توليد</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">تركيبات ارزشمندی نظیر آسیاتیکوزید، آسیاتیک‌اسید، مادکاسوزید و مادکازیک‌اسید از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">گياهان</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">دارويي ارزشمند به‌</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">حساب</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">می‌آید.</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">این گیاه دارای خواص دارویی فراوان از جمله افزایش حافظه و یادگیری، آرام‌بخش، کاهش فشارخون، آنتی‌اکسیدان قوی و ضدسرطان است.</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">بهینه‌سازی روش‌هاي</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">كشت‌بافت</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">به‌منظور</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">آسان‌‌نمودن استحصال</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">تركيبات‌دارويي آن،</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">فرايند</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">انتقال‌ ژن</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">و</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">نيز</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">بهبود</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">صفات</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">دارویی گيا‌ه‌،</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">حائز اهمیت</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">است</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span blotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">.</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">کالوس‌های تهیه‌شده از گیاهان‌دارویی مختلف را می‌توان به‌منظور افزایش مواد موثره در کشت سوسپانسیون‌ سلولی و انتقال‌ ژن مورد استفاده قرار داد. باتوجه به ‌این‌ که آب‌بشقابی به‌عنوان گیاه دارویی ارزشمندی شناخته شده و پژوهش‌های محدودی در زمینه کشت‌بافت آن انجام شده‌ است، هدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی غلظت‌های مختلف دو هورمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">BAP</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">NAA</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> از ریزنمونه برگ برای تولید کالوس، یکی از منابع مهم تولید متابولیت‌های ‌ثانویه است. بدین منظور، </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">از ریزنمونه برگ در محیط </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">MS</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> همراه‌ با غلظت‌های مختلف </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">BAP</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> در شش سطح </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">0</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">،</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> 0/5، 1، 1/5، 2/5 و 3/5 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">میلی‌گرم ‌بر لیتر به ‌همراه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">NAA</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> در پنج سطح، 0/25، 0/5، 1 و 2 میلی‌گرم ‌بر لیتر استفاده‌ شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان‌داد بهترین کالوس‌دهی در ریزنمونه برگ با درصد القاکالوس 100 درصد، وزن‌تر 1/457 گرم و قطر 1/459 سانتی‌متر در ترکیب هورمونی 5/1 میلی‌گرم ‌بر لیتر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">BAP</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> و 5/0 میلی‌گرم ‌بر لیتر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">NAA</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> به‌ دست ‌آمد. نتایج نشان ‌داد دو هورمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">BAP</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">NAA</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">اثرات سینرژیکی در افزایش و تولید کالوس‌های باکیفیت و مناسب دارند.</span></span></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Centella asiatica</span></span></span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, is well known to be a valuable medicinal plant for producing valuable compounds such as asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madcasoside and madcasic acid. The plant is believed to improve memory, lower blood pressure, be a strong antioxidant and anticancer. Therefore, it is important to optimize tissue culture methods in order to facilitate the extraction of medicinal compounds, gene transfer as well as improvement of medicinal properties of the plant. Calli prepared from various medicinal plants can be used to increase the amount of medicinal compounds in the cell suspension culture and gene transfer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of two hormones, BAP and NAA, on leaf explant for callus initiation, as one of the important sources of secondary metabolites production. For this purpose, leaf explants were treated with 6 different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mg/L) and 5 different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/L). The results of this study showed that the best callus was obtained by the combination 1.5 mg/L of BAP and 0.5 mg/L of NAA, resulting in the leaf explants with callus induction of 100%, fresh weight of 1.457 gr and callus diameter of 1.459 cm. The results showed that two hormones of BAP and NAA have synergistic effects on the increase of the quality and quantity of the produced calli.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span><br /> &nbsp; آب‌بشقابی, اکسین, ترکیبات‌ثانویه, سیتوکنین, کشت‌بافت auxin, cytokinin, secondary metabolites, tissue culture 289 295 http://nbr.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1459-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fereshteh Heidargholinezhad فرشته حیدرقلی نژاد f.heidargholinezhad2021@gmail.com 10031947532846009996 10031947532846009996 Yes Department of Horticulture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran گروه باغبانی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Yousef Hamidoghli یوسف حمیداوغلی hamidoghli@guilan.ac.ir 10031947532846009997 10031947532846009997 No Department of Horticulture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran گروه باغبانی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Valliollah Ghasemiomran ولی الله قاسمی عمران ghasemiomran@yahoo.com 10031947532846009998 10031947532846009998 No Tabarestan Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Sari, Iran پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری طبرستان، مازندران، ایران Pouria Biparva پوریا بی پروا p.biparva@sanru.ac.ir 10031947532846009999 10031947532846009999 No Department Basic Sciences of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran گروه علوم‌پایه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران