Nova Biologica Reperta

Aging of mesenchymal stem cells: Investigating the role of ferroptosis using bioinformatics analyses

mahmood talkhabi

Ferroptosis, as a type of newly recognized iron-dependent programmed cell death, is closely related to aging. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of ferroptosis in the aging of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GSE97311 dataset (containing expression data of fetal and adult MSCs) was analyzed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted. Then, among them, ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) were determined. In the next step, biological functions, protein-protein interactions, hub genes, upstream regulators, and inflammatory factors related to FRDEGs were analyzed using different bioinformatics methods. According to the analysis, 34 genes were identified as FRDEGs. Analysis of biological functions showed that these genes are mostly involved in oxidoreductase activities, fatty acid synthesis and response to iron ion. Also, the analyzes related to the signaling pathways also showed that these genes are mostly involved in the pathways related to types of cancers as well as fatty acid biosynthesis. According to the analysis, miR-26b-5p was identified as the most important miRNA and LINC00205 and GAS5 as the most important lncRNAs. Hub genes including HMOX1, EZH2, NEDD4L, PTGS2, CDKN2A, ATF3, NOX4, TXNIP, SNCA and MAPK3 were identified as the main genes of ferroptosis related to aging of MSCs.

Effects of biotic and a-biotic alicitors on phenolic derivatives and silymarin content of silybum marianum L.Gaernt on in vitro condition

Ali Ganjeali

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of some bio-elicitors and silver nitrate on the content of secondary metabolites in calli derived from leaf explants of silybum marianum. In this research, the best callus was achieved on MS medium containing KIN, thus this medium was chosen for further experiment. In the second experiment, leaf explants were cultured in a selected hormone-regulated medium. After 8 weeks of callus growth, bio elicitors including yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, fungus Aspergillus niger, and bacterium Pseudomonas putida in combination with silver nitrate as a non-living elicitor were added to the leaf-derived calli. Ten days after treatment, the phenolic compound content, antioxidant capacity, silymarin content, and PAL enzyme activity in the calli were measured. The results indicate that the simultaneous application of Yarrowia yeast and silver nitrate led to an improvement in the content of phenolic derivatives, silymarin, and PAL enzyme activity, and this was significant compared to other elicitors both with silver nitrate and without it. The researchers of this experiment suggest that the combined use of bio-elicitors especially Yarrowia lipolytica yeast, and silver nitrateinduces higher synthesis of medicinal metabolites in calli derived from leaf explants.

Distribution modeling of the fat-tailed scorpions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Saeed Mohammadi

O Using the Maxent model and presence data for two species, Androctonus crassicauda and A. sistanus, from the scorpions of Sistan and Baluchestan province, which were collected through sampling and reviewing previous studies in the region, predictions have been made regarding their potential distribution. The results of this research, which predicts some ecological characteristics of scorpions, showed that the distribution of both species is greater in the northern regions of the province, and this distribution is expected to increase in the future. The average temperature in the wettest season of the year (Bio8), the amount of precipitation in the coldest month of the year (Bio19), and vegetation have played a role in modeling the current distribution of the species A. crassicauda, while the average temperature in the wettest season of the year (Bio8), vegetation, and the annual temperature range (Bio7) have been significant for the future (2070). Precipitation in the driest month of the year (Bio18) and vegetation cover have the gr

Theoretical and experimental investigation of new mutations in histatin 3 peptide to increase its antimicrobial properties

Karim Mahnam

A significant future challenge for humanity is the rise of infectious disease epidemics stemming from bacterial antibiotic resistance. The Histatin family exhibits antimicrobial properties against drug-resistant strains and promotes wound healing. This study aimed to engineer a novel mutant of Histatin 3 to enhance its antimicrobial efficacy. Initially, molecular dynamics simulations of Histatin 3 were conducted in the presence of water molecules and ions, as well as a Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) micelle, which serves as a model for bacterial membranes, using the GROMACS 5 software for a duration of 50 ns. Subsequently, to augment antibacterial properties, eight mutations were designed, and their structures were prepared, followed by individual MD simulations under the same conditions for each mutation. The binding free energy of the peptides with the SDS micelle was calculated using the MM/PBSA method. Ultimately, 950 ns MD simulation revealed that the D1A-G9W mutation exhibited the most favorable binding free energy to the SDS micelle, indicating enhanced interaction of this mutant with microbial membranes. Both this peptide and the wild-type Histatin 3 were synthesized, and their antimicrobial properties were assessed experimentally. The microbiological tests (MIC) on gram-negative and gram-positive stains demonstrated that this peptide was effective against gram-positive bacteria. The findings of this research suggest that, in designing mutations to enhance antimicrobial properties, attention should be given to both the reduction of negative charge and hydrophobicity.

Investigating the effects of combined application of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) and alfalfa on growth parameters and pathology of digestive tube, liver and kidney of Koi fish(Cyprinus Carpio)

Jina Khayatzadeh

Background: Nowadays, due to the increasing growth of production and consumption of nanoparticles, problems such as their entry into fersh waters and aquatic poisoning have arisen. Iron oxide nanoparticles are among the most widely used in this field. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a flowering plant belonging to the legume family, contains high amounts of protein, calcium, various vitamins and antioxidant effects. The aim of this research was to investigate the combined effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3)and alfalfa plant on growth parameters and pathology of digestive tract, liver and kidney of koi fish (an example of carp fish with a variety of colors and eye-catching effect).
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, the number of 60 koi fish larvae were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control group and 5 experimental groups. The effect of feeding koi fish larvae with biomar combined with 10% and 20% alfalfa and being exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 100 mg/l for 14 days in 5 treatment groups was investigated in comparison with the control group. The collected data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 20 statistical software.

The effects of drought stress and foliar spray of nano selenium and quantum dot on the growth and some physiological traits of Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Lamia vojodi Mehrabani

In order to investigate the effect of drought stress (field capacity, 50 and 30% of field capacity) and foliar spraying with selenium and carbon quantum dots nanoparticles (zero and 2 mg L^-1) on the growth and some physiological traits of rosemary; A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University during 2023. Irrigation at field capacity and 50% of field capacity with carbon quantum dot spray increased the aerial part dry weight, nitrogen, and soluble solids content in the plant. The highest malondialdehyde content was observed in the 30% field capacity in the condition without foliar spraying. The proline content was increased by 50 and 30% field capacity with the application of carbon quantum dot nanoparticles. Field capacity treatments, 50 and 30% of field capacity with carbon quantum dot foliar application increased the essential oil content. Rlative water content, carotenoid, chlorophyll b and phosphorus content increased in the field capacity and 50% field capacity treatment with both nanoparticles foliar application. Overall, the results showed that the use of carbon quantum dot nanoparticles had a positive effect on the growth and physiological traits of plants under drought stress