دوره 10، شماره 4 - ( 12-1402 )                   جلد 10 شماره 4 صفحات 21-1 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


XML English Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

ahmadi E, aghaei delche N. An investigation on diversity species of snails and slugs in the east of Tehran province. nbr 2024; 10 (4) : 1
URL: http://nbr.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3620-fa.html
احمدی الهام، آقایی دلچه نسیم. بررسی تنوع گونه‌ای حلزون‌ها و لیسک‌های شرق استان تهران. یافته‌ های نوین در علوم زیستی. 1402; 10 (4) :1-21

URL: http://nbr.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3620-fa.html


موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران ، e1_ahmadi@yahoo.com
چکیده:   (1486 مشاهده)
               پایش مستمر محیط زیست از اصول مهم مدیریت و محور ارزیابی محیط زیستی به­شمار می­آید و نرم­تنان یکی از نشانگرهای زیستی کیفیت اکوسیستم می­باشند. بدین منظور اقدام به جمع‌آوری و شناسایی حلزون­ها و لیسک­های شرق استان تهران گردید که در طی آن با توجه به امکان دسترسی، تنوع زیستگاهی و تفاوت­های ژئومورفولوژیکی بیش از ۳۲۵۱ نمونه از پنج خرداقلیم جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شدند. تعداد زیادی از نرم­تنان با استفاده از روش­های متداول از جمله توری­های نمونه­گیری و جمع­آوری مستقیم با دست از روی گیاهان آب­زی، زیر چوب­های پوسیده، درختچه­ها و علف­های هرز جمع­آوری و با ثبت مشخصات جغرافیایی و اقليمي به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شدند. سپس با مراجعه به كليدهاي شناسايي معتبر و معاينة مشخصات شكلشناسي، ۱۹ گونه متعلق به ۱۳ جنس از ۱۰ خانواده بر اساس خصوصیات مورفومتریک (شکل، اندازه، نقوش روی صدف، اپرکول، دریچه صدف، راست‌گرد یا چپ‌گرد بودن صدف، محل قرارگیری سوراخ تنفسی، خط میانه پشتی،؛ اندازه بدن، سوهانک، خط کلیه و دستگاه تولیدمثلی) شناسایی و تعيين نام شدند و مقايسه عكس‌ها و كليد شناسايي اين آرایه‌‌ها تهيه و بحث گرديد:
Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), Physella acuta (Draparnaud,1805), Lymnaea truncatula (Müller, 1774), , Lymnaea palusris (Müller, 1774) , Lymnaea pereger (Müller, 1774) , Lymnaea gedrosiana (Annandale and Prashad, 1919), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), Gyraulus euphraticus(Mousson, 1874), Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton, 1849), Succinea putris (Linnaeus, 1758), Helicella krynickii (Krynicki, 1833), Helicella derbentina(Krynicki, 1836), Caucasotachea atrolabiata (Krynicki, 1833), * Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774), Oxychilus herzi (Boettger, 1889), Agriolimax agrestis=Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774), *Theba pisana (Müller, 1774), Parmacella ibera Eichwald, 1841, Planorbis carinatus Müller, 1774
گونه‌های ستاره­دار برای اولین بار جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شده و برای ایران گزارش جدید است. در این بررسی، از میان نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده، بزرگ­ترين خانواده­ها از نظر تنوع گونه­ای خانواده ­ Planorbidae با چهار گونه  (Planorbis planorbis, Gyraulus euphraticus, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Planorbis carinatus)   ، خانواده Lymnaeidae  با چهار گونه(Lymnaea truncatula, Lymnaea gedrosiana, Lymnaea palustris, Lymnaea pereger) و خانواده Helicidae  با چهار گونه Helicella krynickii, Helicella derbentina, Caucasotachea atrolabiata,    Theba pisana  است. بيش­ترين و کم­ترين تنوع گونه­ای در ميان گونه­های شناسايی شده به­ترتيب با ۱۸ و ۵ گونه مربوط به ايستگاه­های ۴ و  ۵ از مناطق مورد بررسی است. تمام نمونه­ها همراه با کلیه اطلاعات مکانی و زمانی مربوطه، در موزه بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی کشاورزی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه­پزشکی کشور موجود می­باشند.
شماره‌ی مقاله: 1
واژه‌های کلیدی: شناسایی، حلزون، لیسک، شرق استان تهران.
متن کامل [PDF 669 kb]   (661 دریافت)    
نوع مطالعه: مقاله پژوهشی | موضوع مقاله: علوم جانوری
دریافت: 1402/2/14 | ویرایش نهایی: 1403/4/24 | پذیرش: 1402/6/14 | انتشار: 1402/12/23 | انتشار الکترونیک: 1402/12/23

فهرست منابع
1. Abdel -Halim, K.Y., Abo El -Saad, A.M., Talha, M.M., Hussein, A.A., Bakry, N.M. 2013. Oxidative stress on land snail Helix aspersa as a sentinel organism for ecotoxicological effects of urban pollution with heavy metals. Chemosphere . 93(6) : 1131 -1138. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.042]
2. Ahmadi, E. 2014. Snails of orchards and farms in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) 10(2): 195-203.
3. Ali, D., Alarifi, S., Kumar, S., Ahamed, M., Siddiqui, M.A. 2012. Oxidative stress and genotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles in freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola L. Aquatic Toxicology. 125: 83 -90. [DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.07.012]
4. Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. Journal of Conchology 41 (1): 91-109.
5. Bargues, MD., Artigas, P., Khoubbane, M., Ortiz, P., Naquira, C., Mas-Coma, S. 2012. Molecular characterisation of Galba truncatula, Lymnaea neotropica and L. schirazensis from Cajamarca, Peru and their potential role in transmission of human and animal fascioliasis. Parasites & Vectors 5: 174. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-174. [DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-5-174]
6. Barky, F.A., Abdelsalam, H.A., Mahmoud, M.B., Hamdi, S.A. 2012. Influence of Atrazine and Roundup pesticides on biochemical and molecular aspects of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 104(1) : 9 -18. [DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.05.012]
7. Beran L. 2002. Vodní měkkýši České Republiky - rozšíření a jeho změny, stanoviště, šíření, ohrožení a ochrana, červený seznam. Aquatic molluscs of the Czech Republic - distribution and its changes, habitats, dispersal, threat and protection, Red List. Sborník přírodovědného klubu v Uherském Hradišti, Supplementum 10, 258 pp.
8. Bhattacharya, P., Swarnakar, S., Mukhopadhyay, A., Ghosh, S. 2016. Exposure of composite tannery effluent on snail, Pila globosa: A comparative assessment of toxic impacts of the untreated and membrane treated effluents. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 126 : 45 -55. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.021]
9. Boettger, O. 1889. Die Binnenmollusken Transkaukasiens und Chorassans. - Zoologische Jahrbücher; Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 4: 925-982, Taf. XXVI-XXVII [= 26-27]. Jena.
10. Brooks, A.W., White, K.N., Bailey, S.E.R. 1992. Accumulation and excretion of aluminium and iron by the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology 103C: 577-583. [DOI:10.1016/0742-8413(92)90184-9]
11. Brown, D. S. 2003. Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. London: British Museum (Natural History), Taylor & Francis Ltd. 249-274.
12. Coeurdassier, M., Saint -Denis, M., Gomot -de Vaufleury, A., Ribera, D., Badot, P.M. 2001. The garden snail (Helix aspersa) as a bioindicator of organophosphorus exposure: effects of dimethoate on survival, growth, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 20(9) : 1951 -1957. [DOI:10.1002/etc.5620200913]
13. Crowley, T.E. & Pain, T. 1977. Mollusca not Charopidae. In: Basilewsky, P. (Ed.). La faune terrestre de l'île de Sainte-Hélène. Quatrième partie. Annales du Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Zoologie 220: 534-575.
14. Dallinger, R. 1993. Strategies of metal detoxification in terrestrial invertebrates. In: Dallinger, R., Rainbow, P.S.(eds), Ecotoxicology of metals in invertebrates. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 245-289.
15. Dar, Y., Rondelaud, D., Dreyfuss, G. 2003. Cercarial shedding from Galba truncatula infected with Fasciola gigantica of distinct geographic origins. . Journal Parasitology Research 89 (3): 185-7. doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0732-2. [DOI:10.1007/s00436-002-0732-2]
16. Daw A. & Ivison, T. 2013. Key to the snails of Bristol region. Bristol Regional Environmental
17. Records Centre. 20 pp.
18. Dedov, I. & Penev, L. 2000. Species composition and origins of the terrestrial gastropod fauna of Sofia City, Bulgaria. Ruthenica 10 (2): 121-131.
19. De Kock, KN., Wolmarans, CT., Bornman, M. 2003. Distribution and habitats of the snail Lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, in South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 74 (4): 117-22. doi:10.4102/jsava.v74i4.523. [DOI:10.4102/jsava.v74i4.523]
20. De Vaufleury & A., Pihan, F. 2000. Growing snails used as sentinels to evaluate terrestrial environment
21. contamination by trace elements. Chemosphere 40, 275-284.
22. Dmitrović, D.; Savić, A.; Šukalo, G.; Pešić, V. 2023. An Updated Checklist of Freshwater Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Emphasis on Crenobiotic Species. Diversity, 15, 357. [DOI:10.3390/d15030357]
23. Döring, M. 2022. English Wikipedia - Species Pages. Wikimedia Foundation. Checklist dataset. [DOI:10.15468/c3kkgh accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-04-08.]
24. Fahy, N. 2001. A guide to the land snails of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. http://www.calacademy.org/research/MAD/.
25. Friedrich, G., Chapman, D. & Beim, A. 1992. The use of biological materials. Dalam D. Chapman (Ed.). Water Quality Assessments a Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring 1st Ed. Cambrigde: University Press. [DOI:10.4324/9780203476710]
26. Gittenberger, E. 1991. Altitudinal variation and adaptive zones in Arianta arbustorum:a new look at a widespread species. Journal of Molluscan Studies 57(1):99-109. [DOI:10.1093/mollus/57.1.99]
27. Glöer P. & Meier-Brook, C. 2003. Süsswassermollusken. DJN, pp. 134, page 109, ISBN 3-923376-02-2.
28. Glöer, P. & Naser, M. D. 2007. Gyraulua huywaizahensis n. sp.- a new species from
29. Mesopotamia, Iraq (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Mollusca 25 (2): 147-152.
30. Glöer, P. & Pešić, V. 2012. The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys 219: 11-61. doi:10.3897/zookeys.219.340. [DOI:10.3897/zookeys.219.3406]
31. Goll, PH. & Scott, JM. 1978. The interrelationship of Lymnaea truncatula and ovine fascioliasis in the Ethiopian Central Highlands. British Veterinary Journal 134 (6): 551-5. doi:10.1016/S0007-1935(17)33336-5. [DOI:10.1016/S0007-1935(17)33336-5]
32. Götmark F, Von Proschwitz T, Franc N. 2008. Are small sedentary species affected by habitat fragmentation? Local vs. landscape factors predicting species richness and composition of land molluscs in Swedish conservation forests. Journal of Biogeography Vol. 35(6), 1062-1076. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01882.x]
33. Hammami, H. & Ayadi, A. 2000. Natural infestation of Lymnaea truncatula Muller by Fasciola hepatica in the Tozeur oasis in southwest Tunisia. Journal of Tropical Medicine 60 (2): 159-62.
34. Haszprunar, H. 2020. Mollusca (Molluscs). Zoologische Staatssammlung München, 565-571. https://doi. org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029219. [DOI:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029219]
35. Holt, E.A. & Miller, S.W. 2011. Bioindicators: using organisms to measure environmental impacts. Nature Education Knowledge, 3, 8. Honeybee biofilter abilities. In Proceeding of XXXIX-th Apimondia International Apicultural Congress, 21- 26 August 2005, Dublin, Ireland, Pp: 95.
36. Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. 2010. "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1-37. [DOI:10.5817/MaB2010-9-s1-v2]
37. Horsák M., Juřičková L., Picka, J. 2013. Měkkýši České a Slovenské republiky. Molluscs of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Kabourek, Zlín.
38. Ibrahim, M.M. 2006. Energy allocation patterns in Biomphalaria Alexandrina snails in response to cadmium exposure and Schistosoma mansoni infection. Experimental Parasitology 112: 31-36. [DOI:10.1016/j.exppara.2005.08.012]
39. Ibrahim, A.M., Ahmed, A.K., Bakry, F.A., Abdel -Ghaffar, F. 2018. Hematological, physiological and genotoxicological effects of Match 5% EC insecticide on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 147 : 1017 -1022. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.059]
40. Imani-Baran, A., Yakhchali, M., Malekzadeh-Viayeh, R., Farahnak, A. 2013. Seasonal and geographic distribution of cercarial infection in Lymnaea gedrosiana (Pulmunata: Lymnaeidae) in north West Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 8, 423-429.
41. Janus, H. 1965. The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs. Burke, London.
42. Juřičková, L.; Horsák, M.; Beran, L. 2001. "Check-list of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic". Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 65: 25-40.
43. Kamel, N., Jebali, J., Banni, M., Ben Khedher, S., Chouba, L., Boussetta, H. 2012. Biochemical responses and metals levels in Ruditapes decussatus after exposure to treated municipal effluents. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 82 : 40 -46. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.008]
44. Kantor, Y., Vinarski, M., Schileyko, A., Sysoev, A. 2010. Catalogue of the continental Mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories. published online, 330.
45. Kappes, H.; Jabin, M.; Kulfan, J.; Zach, P.; Topp, W. 2009. Spatial patterns of litterdwelling taxa in relation to the amounts of coarse woody debris in European temperate deciduous forests. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1255-1260. [DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.021]
46. Khalil, A.M. 2015. Toxicological effects and oxidative stress responses in freshwater snail, Lanistes carinatus, following exposure to chlorpyrifos. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 116 : 137 - 142. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.010]
47. Khallaayoune, K., Stromberg, BE., Dakkak, A., Malone, JB. 1991. Seasonal dynamics of Fasciola hepatica burdens in grazing Timahdit sheep in Morocco. International Journal of Parasitology, 21 (3): 307-14. doi:10.1016/0020-7519(91)90032-3. [DOI:10.1016/0020-7519(91)90032-3]
48. Kolouch, Luboš R. 2003-07-10. "Suchozemští, sladkovodní a brakičtí měkkýši ostrovů Malty [Terrestrial, freshwater and brackish mollusca of Malta islands]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca (in Czech). 2: 43-50. doi:10.5817/MaB2003-2-43. ISSN 1336-6939. [DOI:10.5817/MaB2003-2-43]
49. Laskowski, R. & Hopkin, S.P. 1996. Effect of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd on fitness in snails (Helix aspersa). [DOI:10.1006/eesa.1996.0045]
50. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 34: 59-69.
51. Lee, K.-M., Johnston, E.L. 2007. Low levels of copper reduce the reproductive success of a mobile invertebrate predator, Marine Environmental Research 64: 336-346. [DOI:10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.004]
52. Leomanni, A., Schettino, T., Calisi, A., Gorbi, S., Mezzelani, M., Regoli, F., Lionetto, M.G. 2015. Antioxidant and oxidative stress related responses in the Mediterranean land snail Cantareus apertus exposed to the carbamate pesticide Carbaryl. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology.168 : 7 -20. [DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.11.003]
53. Likharev,I.M., Rammel'Meier, E.D. 1962. Terresterial mollusks of the fauna of the U.S.S.R. Israel program for scientific translation Jerusalem Pub1.574pp.
54. Macías -Mayorga, D., Laiz, I., Moreno -Garrido, I., Blasco, J. 2015. Is oxidative stress related to cadmium accumulation in the Mollusc Crassostrea angulate? Aquatic Toxicology. 161 : 231 -241. Mansour, S.A., Hassan, T.M. 1993. Pesticides and Daphnia. 3. An analytical bioassay method, using Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, for measuring extremely low concentrations of insecticides in waters. Int. J. Toxicol. Occup. Environmental Health. 2 : 34 -39. [DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.007]
55. Mahmoud, I.M., Reham, F.A. 2011. Life cycle and growth rates of the conical snail Cochlicella acuta (Muller,1774)(Gastropoda:Cochicellidae).Animal Biology Journal, 2(4):171-180.
56. Manickavasagam, M., Pavan, G., and Vasudevan, V. 2019. A comprehensive study of the hormetic influence of biosynthesized AgNPs on regenerating rice calli of indica cv. IR64. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 1-11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45214-y. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-45214-y]
57. Mansourian, A., Rokni, M. 2004. Medical Malacology. Tabesh Andishe publisher, 9-12pp.
58. Mas-Coma S., Bargues, MD., Valero, MA. 2005. Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses. International Journal of Parasitology. 35 (11-12): 1255-78. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.010. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.010]
59. Mirzaei, A. 1972. Molluscs of agricultural importance in Iran. Ministry of Agriculture Resources Plant
60. Pests and Diseases Research Institute. pp. 68 (In Farsi).
61. Moolman, L., Van Vuren, J.H.J., Wepener, V. 2007. Comparative studies on the uptake and effects of cadmium and zinc on the cellular energy allocation of two freshwater gastropods. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. doi:10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2006.12.017.
62. Müller, O.F. 1774. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXXVI, 1-214. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber). page 60-61. [DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.12733]
63. Nematdoost Haghi, B. and Banaee, M. 2017. 'Effects of micro-plastic particles on paraquat toxicity to
64. common carp (Cyprinus carpio): biochemical changes ', International Journal of Environmental Science
65. and Technology 14(3): 521-530. doi: 10.1007/s13762-016-1171-4. [DOI:10.1007/s13762-016-1171-4]
66. Nica D. V., Bura M., Gergen I., Harmanescu M., Bordean D. M. 2012. Bioaccumulative and conchological assessment of heavy metal transfer in a soilplant-snail food chain. Chemistry Central Journal 6 (1): 55. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-6-55. [DOI:10.1186/1752-153X-6-55]
67. Pfleger, V. 1999. A field guide in colour to Mollusca. Aventinum Nakladateletvi. Publ. Prague, 216pp.
68. Ponder, W.F., Lindberg, D.R., Ponder, J.M., 2023. Introducing Molluscs, Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca, CRC Press.
69. Radwan, M.A., El -Gendy, K.S., Gad, A.F. 2010. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in the land snail, Theba pisana for assessing ecotoxicological effects of urban metal pollution. Chemosphere. 79(1) : 40 -46. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.056]
70. Retnaningdyah C, Febriansyah SC, Hakim L. 2022. Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23 (12): 6480-6491. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231247. [DOI:10.13057/biodiv/d231247]
71. Robinson, D.G. & Slapcinsky, J. 2005. Recent introductions of alien land snails into North America. American Malacological Bulletin 20:89-93.
72. Samaee, A., Mansourian, A. 2016. Freshwater gastropods of Iran. Jisa Publ., Roudsar, 177pp.
73. Sangita, Das, Khangarot, B.S. 2011. Bioaccumulation of copper and toxic effects on feeding, growth, fecundity and development of pond snail Lymnaea luteola L., Journal of Hazardous Materials 185: 295-305. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.033]
74. Shamsi, L., Tavassoli, M.1, Naem, S., Mahmoudian, A., and Ahmadi, E. 2019. Shell and Radula Morphology of land snails in Urmia city, North-west of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol.17, No. 2, 169-178. DOI: 10.22067/ijab.2022.63444.0
75. Silva, C.O., Simões, T., Novais, S.C., Pimparel, I., Granada, L., Soares, A.M., Lemos, M.F. 2017. Fatty acid profile of the sea snail Gibbula umbilicalis as a biomarker for coastal metal pollution. Science of the Total Environment. 586 : 542 -550. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.015]
76. Srivastava, A.K., Singh, V.K. 2020. Snails as biological monitor (Bioindicator). Asian Journal of
77. Advances in Research 3(1): 339-345.
78. Swaileh, K.M. and Ezzzughayyar, A. 2000. Effects of dietary Cd and Cu on feeding and growth rates of the land snail Helix engaddensis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 47: 253- 260. [DOI:10.1006/eesa.2000.1961]
79. Tadjalli-Pour, M. 1982. Les Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de L Iran. Tehran: Tehran Cultural .
80. Yakhchali, M., Mirrajei, S.Y., Malekzadeh-Viayeh, R. 2013. Detection of Infection with Larval Stages of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum using PCR in Field-Collected Snails of Lymnaea gedrosiana from Northwestern Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 8(4): 627-633.
81. Walker, SM., Makundi, AE., Namuba, FV. 2008. The distribution of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica within southern Tanzania--constraints associated with the intermediate host. Parasitology 135 (4): 495-503. doi:10.1017/S0031182007004076. PMID 18205983. S2CID 26106652. [DOI:10.1017/S0031182007004076]
82. Ponder, W.F., Lindberg, D.R., Ponder, J.M., 2023. Introducing Molluscs, Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca, CRC Press.
83. Wan, R., Meng, F., Fu, W., Wang, Q., Su, E. 2015. Biochemical responses in the gills of Meretrix meretrix after exposure to treated municipal effluent. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 111: 78 -85. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.038]
84. Zheng, S., Zhou, Q., Gao , J., Xiong, H., Chen, C. 2012. Behavioral alteration and DNA damage of freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa stressed by ethylbenzene and its tissue residue. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 81: 43 -8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.016]

ارسال نظر درباره این مقاله : نام کاربری یا پست الکترونیک شما:
CAPTCHA

ارسال پیام به نویسنده مسئول


بازنشر اطلاعات
Creative Commons License این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است.

Creative Commons Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.




کلیه حقوق این وب سایت متعلق به یافته های نوین در علوم زیستی است.

طراحی و برنامه نویسی : یکتاوب افزار شرق

© 2015 All Rights Reserved | Nova Biologica Reperta

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb