Research in Sport Medicine and Technology

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MS is a lifelong disease that could involve the person in different forms. Knowing balance characteristics of different types of this chronic disease helps the specialists for controlling their complications. The purpose of this study was to recognize static and dynamic balance of different type of MS and to compare MS patients with healthy individual. 54 MS women in three groups (27- Relapsing-Remitting, 16 secondary progressive, 11 primary progressive), 20 randomly healthful women have been elected. Static and dynamic balance test (dynamics with 8 degree), overall, lateral and anterior/posterior have been done by Biodex machinery from four groups. Kolmogorov-Smirnov inferential statistic test used to assess the normality of the data distribution and the chi-square test was used to examine the relationship within and between types of MS disease with normal. The parametric statistics tests including independent t-test applied at threshold 0.05. According to results, there are meaningful difference between overall balance index in static balance in different types of diseased women affected by MS (p<0.05). The Primary Progressive groups have weak, and Relapsing-Remitting MS group have strong static balance in comparison with other groups. Furthermore, meaningful difference shown through overall balance index in static mood in different type of disease women affected by MS (p<0.05). Difference between static balance index and dynamic was meaningful between control group and MS disease. Considering the findings of the study, women affected by relapsing-remitting type have better dynamic & static balance rather than progressive types. Static & dynamic balance in affected women was weaker than healthy women.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of knee extensor and ankle
plantar flexor fatigue on dynamic balance among active elderly males. Fifteen
healthy individuals having age of 72±6.57 years, height of 168.4±4.8 cm and
weight of 70.5±7.4 kg without history of injuries at lower extremity, participated
in this study. Knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles fatigued with free
sets of fifty repeated of knee extension and ankle plantar flexion loading with
50% of one repetition maximum (1RM), while four minutes rest applied between
every set. Fatigue protocol applied for each muscle group after 72 hours rest at
same environment condition. Star excursion balance test (SEBT) used to
measure dynamic balance before and after applying fatigue protocol.
Dependent and independent t-test used for data analysis in significant level
0.05. Significant differences shown between pre and post reaching distance
using SEBT. The results also showed significant differences between decrease
of reaching distance in SEBT after applying muscle fatigue protocols in knee
extensor and ankle plantar flexor. Due to results, increasing lower limb muscle
endurance, especially at knee, recommended for training program designitation
for elderly subjects to achieve dynamic balance improvement.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of core stability training on the balance of mentally retarded. Our subjects included 31 male mentally retarded students in two groups (control, 14 patients with a mean age of 11/07±3/02years, height 152±7/86cm) and (17experimental group with a mean age 11/23 ± 1/95years, height 147±7/07cm) and were A group of healthy students (15 subject with mean age 11/53±./516years,high 155± 4/77cm) of the random pare selected. The training program of experimental group that includes core stability exercises for 6 weeks, 3 times a week in the first two weeks experimental group performed exercise the 2 sets with 5 repetitions and two the second week of 2 sets with 10 repetitions and for evaluate used the dynamic balance Y test (r= 91%).From independent T-test was used to compare pre and post-test and one-way ANOVA test was used in order to compare inter-group differences.)p≤0.05(.Results showed that dynamic balance was significant in poster medial and on the whole, there was a significant difference between groups in posterior lateral and posterior medial directions. On base of the results of this research the core stability exercises can be performed for mental retarded and healthy people by coaches and teachers.

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Balance and strength are important abilities that athletes should have them. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between maximum leg press (non-weight bearing closed kinetic chain) and squat (weight bearing closed kinetic chain) strength with statistic and dynamic balance. Thirty (15 men and 15 women) physically active participants (age, 22.13 ± 1.54 years; height, 171.26 ± 6.92 cm; weight, 66.02 ± 8.27 kg) completed the study. The Biodex Balance System was used to evaluate balance performance. Subjects completed two, 40 seconds trials attempting to maintain their statistic and dynamic balance and Overall Stability Index, Anterior/Posterior Index and Medial/Lateral Index were obtained. Maximum strength also was measured with a 1RM squat and leg press. Significant correlations were found between the measurements of 1RM squat with static anterior-posterior indices (r, 0.019; P=-0.541) and dynamic medial-lateral indices (r, 0.021, P=-0.532) in men and with static anterior-posterior indices (r, 0.016, P=-0.552) and dynamic anterior-posterior indices (r, 0.032; P=-0.491) in women. No significant correlations were found between the measures of 1RM leg press and balance indices in both groups. The results of this study indicate that maximum squat strength has more relation with some indices of static and dynamic balance than maximum leg press.
 

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The present study aimed to examine the effects of FIFA 11+ comprehensive warm-up program for referees on dynamic balance among male Iranian football referees and assistant referees. Fifty-two football referees and assistant referees who had no previous injury voluntarily participated in the present study. They were randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control one (26 participants each group). The intervention participants took part in a 17-week FIFA 11+ comprehensive warm-up program for referees while the control group performed their usual warm-up trainings during a half season. In order to estimate the dynamic balance of the referees in the pre-test and post-test, Y Balance Test was used. The collected data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The results of the present study indicated that the intervention and the control groups were significantly different in terms of dynamic balance in anterior and posteromedial directions and also the referees’ overall balance score before and after the study. However, no significant between them was observed in posteriolateral direction. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the FIFA 11+ comprehensive warm-up program for referees could improve the referees’ and the assistant referees’ dynamic balance.

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