Showing 12 results for Ast
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Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2011)
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of water immersion and passive recovery on blood lactate and subsequent swimming performance. Ten trained female swimmers, age (17.8 ±2.2), height (164.55.8 cm), weight (59.29.9 kg), %BF (22.41.7) and BMI (21.85.4kg/m2) completed three experimental trials differing in 15 min recovery intervention three times a week with 48 hrs distance: land (sitting near the pool) (PAS), contrast water therapy (CWT) (alternating hot 40,2 min/cold 23,1min) and cold water immersion(CWI)(23 ). Before and after 100meters front crawl and each three
minute during of recovery blood lactate, heart rate and skin temperature were
recorded. Participants repeated 100meters front crawl after the recovery.
Repeated measure and LSD were used for data analysis. In all statistical
analyses, the threshold for significance was set at (p≤0.05). Results showed
that Heart rate decreased significantly in CWI toward PAS. Lactate removal was
largest in CWT compared to the PAS. Skin temperature and fatigue decreased
significantly after immersion and significant difference was observed in
subsequent performance after immersion toward PAS. So it seems immersion
conditions, can enhance quality of recovery.
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Volume 11, Issue 5 (3-2013)
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to consider the Fast-Skin swimsuit's effect
on the elite female swimmers’ performance. So, twelve elite swimmers swam 50
and 200 m and 400 m trials with and without Fast-Skin at approximately 80-
100% of maximal effort in four swimming styles. In 400 m freestyle swimming,
traditional swimsuit compared with shoulder-to-ankle (SA) and shoulder-to-knee
(SK) of Fast-Skin (to control intensity, blood lactate and heart-rate was
measured). Also the propelling force of subjects was measured with indirect
way. Results showed, there was significant reduction in records of 50 m front
crawl, backstroke and butterfly, while no significant differences observed in
breaststroke. In 200 m for four swimming styles, reduction records were
significant. Also, different significant effect seen using traditional swimsuit in
comparison with SA and SK. Fast-Skin provide significant increased in
propelling force of front crawl, backstroke and butterfly, but no significant
propelling force observed in breaststroke. Using SA especially in fast front crawl
and semi-endurance butterfly and SK in endurance freestyle are recommended
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Volume 12, Issue 7 (4-2014)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of combination specific resistance and ordinary swimming training on Breaststroke swimming performance in young boys. Twenty boys of Alborz province swimming team age of 13±1 years ,weight 50/ 65±1/02kg and height 159/8 ±4/91cm, participated in this study. After the initial testing of the performance variable (Fifty-meter record of Breaststroke swimming) , technical variable (stroke number) and strength variable (strength of spinal extensor muscles), subjects were randomly divided in two groups, Experimental group (combination specific resistance and ordinary swimming training) and control group(ordinary swimming training).A week of familiarization training was performed to adapt with vest (specific resistance) and then training program were performed for 6 weeks, three sessions per week .Training program consisted of 15minutes of warmup and 8 repeats of 50 meters breaststroke with 1minute rest interval between repetitions, in exprimental group (with vest of training) and control group(without vest of training). At the end of the training, post test was performed in accordance with the conditions of the pre test. Kolmogorov –Smirnov test was used to determine normality of data distribution, Paired t-tests was used to determine within group changes and the covariance analysis was used to compare the progress of dependent variables between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that although swimming performance was significantly improved in both groups (p≤0.05) ,but there were no significant differences between the groups in fifty-meter record of Breaststroke swimming, stroke number and strength of spinal extensor muscles (p≥0.05).It may be attributed to non-professional subjects or Low-intensity resistance training.
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Volume 12, Issue 7 (4-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: This research aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise training on some
characteristics of immune system and general health of women with breast cancer. Methods: 40 female
with breast cancer, undertaking chemotherapy, were classified in exercise group with mean age of 36/9±13/2
years, weight of 67/2±9/95 kilograms and body mass index of 21/9±2/9 kg/m2 and control group with mean
age of 38/6±10/1 years, weight of 65/1±8/28 kilograms and body mass index of 21/4±2/1kg/m2. Exercise
group Perfored in 12 contionous weeks walking with moderate intensity (based on Modified-Borg scale and
40-60% Maximum Heart rate)/3 times a week/30-45 minutes in each session. General Health Questionnaire
(GHQ) was used for evaluating general health level. Before and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks CBC DIFF test was
conducted for aim of assessing some characteristics of immune system. CANCOVA was used to determine
the pure effect of exercise intervention. The data were analyzed with significant level of p≤0/05 and by SPSS
16. Results: General health and hope of life was decreased significantly after intervention in control group
(p≤0.05). Number of leukocytes of exercise group was higher after the exercise intervention, but this
difference was not significant, but number of leukocytes of control group was decreased significantly
(p≥0.05). Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise with moderate intensity is an effective way in maintenance
the number of leukocytes, improving immune system and enhancing levels of general health.
Dr Elham Shirzad, Dr Ali Asghar Ravasi, Mojtaba Eshrestaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 9 (4-2015)
Abstract
Stiffness is an index for determination of elastic properties of body and its optimum range is different in various
motion patterns. The Spring-mass model is used for calculating stiffness. In this method, the whole leg is modeled
with a linear simple spring. The aim of this study is determination of lower body stiffness and evaluation of its
correlation with agility, as dominant motion pattern in racket sports. 12 national-level male racket-players (age:
25±4 years & weight: 80±7 kg) participated voluntarily in this study. Leg and vertical stiffness were measured
during running on treadmill and hopping test. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to examine the
relationships between stiffness and agility test records. Statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. There wasn’t
significant correlation with agility in this study. The reason could be of the contrast influence of knee and ankle
stiffness on performance. This problem requires separate evaluation of joint stiffness.
V Saleh, H Sadeghi, P Shams Najafabadi, M.r Rezaeian, H Valizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 13 (9-2017)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the profile of anthropometric, somatotype and body composition between novice and professional 6 to 8 years old gymnasts. A total of 40 gymnasts in tow group (20 novice gymnasts and 20 professional gymnasts) participated in this study. A total of 17 anthropometric, somatotype and body composition variables were recorded of each subject. The tools used in this study are: questionnaires (individual information and general health evaluation), chronometer, band meter, and movable weight scale, stadiometer, sliding calliper and somatotype software. In ferential and descriptive statistics and independent T test were used to analyze the obtained data. The level of significance was 0.05. There were significant differences in skinfold percentage (triceps, Supraspinatus and calf), total hand length, hip and calf, circumferences, BMI, endomorph and ectomorph between tow group) p<0.05). From an anthropometric stand point, 6 to 8 years old is a lowest and best age for select and talent identification. According to the results, between two groups, professional gymnasts exhibited lower BMI, circumferences (hip and calf), skinfolds, endomorphy and more total hand length, mesomorphy and ectomorphy than nivice gymnasts. On average, professional and novice gymnasts were in ectomorph-mesomorph and endomorph-mesomorph status respectively.
S Sadeghi, M.r Asad, M.h Ferdowsi,
Volume 15, Issue 13 (9-2017)
Abstract
Overweight is one of the most important reasons for increasing the liver enzymes that causes liver and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this research is to investigation the effects of 12weeks training on liver enzymes. Subjects of this research is 26 woman with BMI≥29 and average age Between 42 to 52, they divided to two main groups: experimental and control group n=13. 24 hours before training and 48 hours after sampling, body composition and oxygen maximum, were done for all of the subjects. Experimental group have done 12 weeks endurance training that contains 3 session between 40 to 80 percent of heart beat and duration of 15 to 30 min. Data was analyzed by using of covariance and T test,(a≤0./05),results showed that in experimental group there is significant increase in oxygen maximum (p=0/006) and significant decrease observed in BMI (p=0/001). But not observed significant change in ALT enzymes (p=0/493) and AST (p=0/403). Results showed that the impacts of 12 weeks endurance training on liver enzymes of those women was not significant because of not preparing of subjects, also high level of BMI in both groups are possible. Therefore, non significant increase of ALT exercise group be investigated, the longer half life of this enzyme is (40+12) hours. So, it seems that we need more than 48hours to recovery the enzyme.
Zahra Khadivi Burojeny, Hamid Rajabi, Mohammad Marandi, Shaghayegh Haghjoo, Alireza Khadivi Burojeny, Ebrahim Noorian,
Volume 16, Issue 15 (9-2018)
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on serumic myostatin, and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) level in male Wistar rats. 20 adult male wistar rats(150-250gr) were randomly divided into 2 groups [control group; n=10 (C), resistance training; n=10 (R)]. Resistance training was conducted for 8 weeks (5 session/week) on a special 1 meter height ladder (divided by 26 stairs) with loading of 30٪ of body weight (suspended from the tail) in the first week and increased to 200٪ of body weight in the last week. Training includes 3 sets of 4 reps with 3 minutes rest between sets. At the end of last week blood samples were taken from the rats and myostatin, TGF-β1 and FGF-2 was measured in three groups with the ELISA kit. At the end of the study ،the plasma levels of the myostatin decreased [71/82±19/62 mg/dl (R) ver. 105/86±17/49 mg/dl(C). (p≤0/001)], but the level of FGF-2 increased significantly in resistance training group [102/462±11/135mg/dl (R) ver. 86/96±12/606 mg/dl (C) (p=0/048)]. In contrast, the serum level of TGF-β was not statistically different between the two groups [153/48±54/09 mg/dl (R).160/62±32/85 mg/dl (C). (p=0/725)]. This study shows that 8 weeks of resistance training reduces serum levels myostatin and increased serum levels of FGF-2. These two factors cause activation or non-activation of satellite cells (Muscle stem cells that control muscle hypertrophy). However the nerve - muscle agents in the first 8 weeks of resistance training have the maximum participation on strength increases, but in this research we see affect the signals of satellite cells in the first 8 weeks of resistance training can change significantly. Also, although serum levels of TGF-β1 in the exercise group was significantly different from the control group, but the overall value of the exercise group had slightly reduced.
Soroush Shah Hosseini, Amir Hossein Barati, Mohammad Hossein Nasermeli, Mohsen Moradi,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
Given that more than 50 percent of patellofemoral pain syndrome include of overuse injuries, the aim of this study was to compare the vastus medialis muscle activity in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome after a period of strength and flexibility training with and without the electrophysiological feedback. A total of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) participated in this study. Subjects were divided into three group's control, therapeutic and therapeutic with electrophysiological feedback. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the activity of vastus medialis muscle in between groups. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the activity of the vastus medialis muscle activity (P <0.05). The results of Tukey's post hoc test for intra-group comparisons showed that there was a significant difference between the control group with the therapeutic group (P = 0.024), the control group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P=0.028) and the therapeutic group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, therapeutic exercises with electrophysiological feedback have a greater effect on the activity of vastus medialis than the therapeutic group in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Mr Iman Rouzbeh, Dr Amirhossein Barati, Dr Hooman Minoonejad,
Volume 19, Issue 21 (9-2021)
Abstract
As Squat is a popular exercise for support of lower extremity muscles in order to injury prevention this study has been hold to comprise the electromyography of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles in three Squat techniques of man soccer players. 15 soccer players, aged 18-25 years old, who had regular exercise more than two years did open, closed and lung Squats exercise while electromyography of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were recorded. Data analyzed by using dependent and independent T test and repeated measure ANOVA. There was not significant difference of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles’ electromyography during getting up, going down phases and also for different squat techniques. The vastus lateralis muscle show more activity in all conditions. Though, it is recommended that vastus medialis has bold role for controlling of squat exercise, reduction of Q angle and participants’ knee varus in this study can be the reason of antithesis.
Reza Sabzevari Rad, Hekmat Ehsan Bakhsh, Ebrahim Fasihi Ramandi,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Adiponectin plays an important role in many metabolic and heart diseases. Regulation of liver enzymes is also essential for the health of the body's organs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a HIIT training period on adiponectin levels and serum concentrations of liver enzymes in obese and overweight boys. 22 obese and overweight boys were selected and randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. The experimental group performed eight weeks of HIIT pedaling with 80% HR reserve intensity for 3 days a week. The variables of adiponectin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) using kits and laboratory methods as well as aerobic power, body mass index, and fat percentage of tests in the two stages before and after Exercise protocol was also measured and covariance test was used to compare the research variables and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship. The results were analyzed at a significant level (P<0.05) using SPSS software version 24. Performing eight weeks of HIIT exercise using a bicycle resulted in a non-significant reduction in adiponectin (P>0.05), AST(P>0.05) and ALP(P >0.05) enzymes. This exercise also significantly reduced ALT enzyme (P<0.05) and fat percentage (P<0.05) and increased aerobic capacity (P<0.05)
HIIT exercise strengthens aerobic power and reduces the percentage of fat and reduces the liver enzyme ALT in obese boys. Of course, more research is needed to clarify this issue.
Elham Shahabpoor, Mohammad Amin Delavari,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in cancer patients.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training as a therapeutic method on muscle cachexia and cardiovascular consequences caused by breast cancer. After 2 weeks of breast cancer induction, 20 BALB/c mice (age: 6-8 weeks and weight: 17- 18 g) mice performed the maximum aerobic capacity test and were randomly allocated into tumor-control and tumor-exercise groups. The tumor-exercise group performed the endurance Training protocol for 6 weeks, 5 days a week with gradual increase in intensity from 12 to 20 (m.min-1) and duration from 25 to 55 minutes And 24 hours after the last training session, the maximum aerobic capacity test was performed. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed. Heart weight, weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle, heart mass index, ratio of weight of soleus muscle to body weight and ratio of weight of gastrocnemius muscle to body weight were measured in tumor-control and tumor-exercise groups. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05. The results of the present study showed a significant increase in heart weight (P=0.005), spleen weight (P=0.029), weight of the gastrocnemius muscle (P=0.009) and soleus muscle (P=0.022) in the tumor-exercise group compared to the tumor-control group. Also, significant increase in the heart mass index (P=0.016) and the ratio of the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle to the body weight (P=0.005) and the ratio of the soleus muscle to the body weight (P=0.021) were observed in the tumor-exercise group compared to the tumor-control group. In conclusion,Endurance training seems to be a potential treatment method and strategy to improve the health of the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system and reduce the process of muscle cachexia caused by breast cancer.
