Research in Sport Medicine and Technology

The comparison of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age adults male with different abdominal obesity and physical activity levels

The purpose of this investigation was to determine cardiovascular risk factors in
middle-age adults male with different abdominal obesity and physical activity
levels. 40 males aged 35 to 55 years divided to four groups. Group 1
:(physically active with high WHR), group2: (physically active with low WHR),
group3: (non-active with high WHR), group 4: (non-active with low WHR).
Physical activity was assessed using beck's standardized questionnaire .Risk
factors included C-reactive proteins levels( CRP), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol and low density lipoproteins (LDL)and total cholesterol (TC) were
assessed by taking blood samples and waist to hip ratio(WHR) determined as
an abdominal obesity index. Data analyzed using two-way ANOVA, (P≤0.05).
No significant differences were seen in risk factors included HDL, LDL and TC
levels (P≥0.05).In adults with high & low WHR, the CRP levels were
significantly different (P≤0.05)in all groups. Our data suggest that in spite of
physical activity levels, abdominal obesity is effective on CRP levels in middleaged
adults male.

Effect of the Fast-Skin swim suit on Iranian elite female swimmers' performance

The purpose of this investigation was to consider the Fast-Skin swimsuit's effect
on the elite female swimmers’ performance. So, twelve elite swimmers swam 50
and 200 m and 400 m trials with and without Fast-Skin at approximately 80-
100% of maximal effort in four swimming styles. In 400 m freestyle swimming,
traditional swimsuit compared with shoulder-to-ankle (SA) and shoulder-to-knee
(SK) of Fast-Skin (to control intensity, blood lactate and heart-rate was
measured). Also the propelling force of subjects was measured with indirect
way. Results showed, there was significant reduction in records of 50 m front
crawl, backstroke and butterfly, while no significant differences observed in
breaststroke. In 200 m for four swimming styles, reduction records were
significant. Also, different significant effect seen using traditional swimsuit in
comparison with SA and SK. Fast-Skin provide significant increased in
propelling force of front crawl, backstroke and butterfly, but no significant
propelling force observed in breaststroke. Using SA especially in fast front crawl
and semi-endurance butterfly and SK in endurance freestyle are recommended

The Relationship between Range of the ankle motion, Q angle and back stroke kicking on male Swimmers

The purpose of this research is to survey the relationship between range of the
ankle motion and Q angle and back stroke kicking on male swimmers. 34 on
available boy students swimmers were selected with mean and SD of age
23.68±2.28 years, weight 71.88±9.35 kg and height 176.11±5.52 cm in this
study. First, Right and Left Leg Q angles (to supine position), Range of Dorsal
flexion and plantar flexion motion were measured by the use of goniometry. And
their mean were calculated Right and Left Leg Q angles. Then test was
recorded of back stroke and kicking in distance 15 meter of pool. The number of
back stroke kicking done by the use of three referees and cinematography
technique. Later, the distance for per back stroke kicking was calculated by the
use of mathematical formula. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient
showed the significant positive correlation between Q angle with record of back
stroke kicking (r = -0/67, p ≤ 0/05). The results showed that swimmers may not
use all their range of the ankle motion, but optimized range of the ankle motion
to be their consideration. Also, Q angle measure (Q ≤ 16/23) could be important
in success, Talent Identification and selection of mentioned swimmers

The effect of "Tai Chi" exercise on depression, quality of sleep and some of physiological factors in elderly, living in Nursing Home

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of "Tai Chi"
exercise on some of physiological and psychological factors in elderly living in
Nursing Home. In this experimental study, 58 elderly male and female age
69.15±5.3 yr, height 154 ± 0.1 cm and weight 58.13 ±4.4 kg, lived in Sadeghie
Nursing Home were selected and objectively divided in experimental (n=27) and
control groups (n=30). The experimental group trained for 3 month, three
session per/week, and 30 minute in each session. Heart rate, blood pressure,
hands grip strength, flexibility, Berg balance scale, depression and quality of
sleep were measured before and after the exercise program. Data were
analyzed for group differences using covariance test. There was no significant
group difference in heart rate, blood pressure and flexibility. Hands grip
strength, quality of sleep and balance scales were significantly improved and
depression significantly decreased in experimental compared with control
group. So, it seems that using Tai Chi exercise can improve some of
physiological factors, depression and quality of sleep in elderly

Evaluating the effact of eight weeks strength and plyometric trainings on knee joint position sense

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks strength and
plyometric trainings on knee joint position sense. In this study, 45 male students
(21.7±2.17years, weight 69.7±7.89 kg, and height 177.2±5.83cm) volunteered
and selected as subjects to participate in this semi-empirical study. Subjects
divided in three groups include strength (n=15), plyometric (n=15) and control
(n=15). Strength group trained squat, leg flexion and leg extension and
plyometric group trained depth jump, Split squat jump, rim jump and box to box
depth jump. Joint position sense measured at three angles 30, 45 and 60
degrees in knee joint by Biodex Isokenitic system 3. One-way ANOVA was
used for analysis of data. Results of study showed that trainings significantly
improve the joint position sense in initial angel (30degree) on active
reproduction and in initial and final angels (30 and 60 degrees) on passive
reproduction. In addition, comparison of trainings revealed that strength training
in 30 degrees and plyometric training in 30 and 60 degrees significantly improve
the joint position sense. Between two methods of training only on passive
reproduction at 60 degree, significantly difference was observed (p≤0.05).
These protocols can use in rehabilitation to improve proprioception and
neuromuscular coordination.

Effect of aerobic exercise on general health and serotonin levels of Inactive Veterans

Background and aims:
In many communities, the sport as a method of therapy is used to improve the
disabled and veterans' health which has been a useful and effective. The aim of
this study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on general health and
serotonin levels in inactive veterans. Material and method: Based on semi
experimental design 40 veterans, 25 percent impaired and with age average
40/3±1/4, were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control
groups. Subjects in the experimental group participated in a period of 12 week’s
aerobic exercise training program, which done 3 times a week at 50-65 percent
of Vo2max. Control group did not participate in any exercise program during
study period. General health of the subjects and its subscales was measured by
the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Serotonin levels, VO2max, percent
body fat and BMI before and after training for both groups were measured
respectively. Data were analyzed using t-tests at 5% alpha error level was
performed using SPSS version 16. Results: Data analysis showed significant
difference between the two groups in general health. The difference in
psychosomatic subscales, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and
depression were observed between two groups. Also, the results of this study
showed that after 12 weeks aerobic exercise, percent body fat, BMI and lipid
profile decreased significantly in training group. VO2max and serotonin also
increased significantly compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion:
Aerobic exercise for inactive veterans maybe effective in reducing serotonin
levels and increasing general health and placed in line health promotion
programs.

Effect of one or two sessions per day of physical activity, with equal intensity and duration, on adiponectin and insulin resistance in sedentary middle-aged men

improves insulin resistance. However, the effect of training sessions a day is not
clear in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one or
two sessions a day of exercise training, with equal intensity and duration, on
insulin resistance in sedentary middle-aged men. Materials & Methods: 30
sedentary middle-aged male volunteers (age=43.6±6.5 yr, weight=80.4±13.6kg,
height=174.1±5.5cm,BMI=26.5±3.6kg/m2،VO2max=35.46±6ml/kg) randomized to
the control (n=10), one session a day (n=10)and two sessions a day training
group( n=10). Exercise program consisted of 16 weeks, five days a week, tread
mill running which was implemented as one (30 minutes) or two sessions (2×15
minutes) a day. Training intensity was 40-50% of HRmax at first week and
reached to 70-80% at 16th week of the training. Measurements of fasting blood
samples (insulin, glucose and adiponectin), insulin resistance, cardiorespiratory
fitness, abdominal obesity and BMI were obtained at baseline and post
exercise. Paired t test and analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data.
Results: After 16 weeks of training, compared with the control group, a
significant reduction in blood glucose, abdominal obesity and BMI, and a
significant increase in cardiorespiratory fitness were observed in the both
experimental groups; whereas insulin resistance remained unchanged, and
adiponectin was significantly increased only in the one session a day training
group. Conclusion: based on the findings it seems that, dividing the physical
activity session in two shorter parts can improve glucose profile, cardiorespiratory
fitness and obesity indicators the same as a continuous exercise session. But in
terms of increased adiponectin and decreased abdominal obesity, continuous
exercise session is more effective.