Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
RSMT 2024, 22(27): 240-274 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Kazeminasab F, Mahboobi M H, Azali Alamdari K. The Combined Effect Of Aerobic Exercise And Vegetarian Diet On Blood Pressure In Adults With Overweight And Obesity: A Meta-Analysis Systematic Review. RSMT 2024; 22 (27) :240-274
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-608-en.html
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-608-en.html
Assistance professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. , f_kazemi85@yahoo.com
Abstract: (2547 Views)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of combining aerobic exercise (AE) and vegetarian diet (VD) on blood pressure and body weight in adults with overweight and obesity. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2023 for English articles, and 1065 articles were found. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on body weight, blood pressure in adults with overweight and obesity. Data analysis was performed using random effect model and weighted mean differences (WMD). The results of meta-analysis of 25 studies with 10192 adults showed that combined aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet significantly decreased in body weight [WMD=-4.63, p=0.001] , systolic blood pressure [WMD=-6.94, p=0.001] , and diastolic blood pressure [WMD=-4.5, p=0.001] , in adults with overweight and obesity. Aerobic training alongside vegetarian diet as a non-medication approach for weight loss and blood pressure control in adults with overweight and/or obesity. In addition, aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet with both types of duration (less than 12 weeks and more than 12 weeks) cause a significant decrease in blood pressure in adults with overweight and obesity.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
sport physiology
Received: 2023/08/13 | Accepted: 2024/01/11 | Published: 2024/08/31
Received: 2023/08/13 | Accepted: 2024/01/11 | Published: 2024/08/31
References
1. Börjesson M, Onerup A, Lundqvist S, Dahlöf B. Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs. British journal of sports medicine. 2016;50(6):356-61. Doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095786 [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095786]
2. Natsis M, Antza C, Doundoulakis I, Stabouli S, Kotsis V. Hypertension in obesity: novel insights. Current hypertension reviews. 2020;16(1):30-6. DOI: 10.2174/1573402115666190415154603 [DOI:10.2174/1573402115666190415154603]
3. Niu Y, Cao H, Zhou H, Cao J, Wang Z. Effects of a vegetarian diet combined with exercise on lipid profiles and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022:1-15. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2122923 [DOI:10.1080/10408398.2022.2122923]
4. De Pergola G, D'Alessandro A. Influence of Mediterranean diet on blood pressure. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1700. DOI: 10.3390/nu10111700 [DOI:10.3390/nu10111700]
5. Lee KW, Loh HC, Ching SM, Devaraj NK, Hoo FK. Effects of vegetarian diets on blood pressure lowering: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1604. DOI: 10.3390/nu12061604 [DOI:10.3390/nu12061604]
6. Ford ES. Trends in mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease among hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults in the United States. Circulation. 2011;123(16):1737-44. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.005645 [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.005645]
7. Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjon J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L. Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022(11). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub4 [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub4]
8. Lauder L, Mahfoud F, Azizi M, Bhatt DL, Ewen S, Kario K, et al. Hypertension management in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. European Heart Journal. 2023;44(23):2066-77. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac395 [DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac395]
9. Saco‐Ledo G, Valenzuela PL, Ruiz‐Hurtado G, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Exercise reduces ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(24):e018487. Doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018487 [DOI:10.1161/JAHA.120.018487]
10. Long Y, Ye H, Yang J, Tao X, Xie H, Zhang J, et al. Effects of a vegetarian diet combined with aerobic exercise on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord. 2023;28(1):9. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01536-5 [DOI:10.1007/s40519-023-01536-5]
11. Kazeminasab F. The combined effect of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on body weight and insulin resistance indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism and Exercise. 2023;13(1). doi: 10.22124/jme.2023.24237.291
12. Barcellos FC, Del Vecchio FB, Reges A, Mielke G, Santos IS, Umpierre D, et al. Exercise in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of human hypertension. 2018;32(6):397-407. DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0055-0 [DOI:10.1038/s41371-018-0055-0]
13. Cornelissen V, Verheyden B, Aubert A, Fagard R. Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. Journal of human hypertension. 2010;24(3):175-82. DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2009.51 [DOI:10.1038/jhh.2009.51]
14. Sharman JE, La Gerche A, Coombes JS. Exercise and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. American journal of hypertension. 2015;28(2):147-58. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu191 [DOI:10.1093/ajh/hpu191]
15. Gibbs J, Gaskin E, Ji C, Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials. Journal of hypertension. 2021;39(1):23-37. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002604 [DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002604]
16. Termannsen AD, Clemmensen KKB, Thomsen JM, Nørgaard O, Díaz LJ, Torekov SS, et al. Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews. 2022;23(9):e13462. DOI: 10.1111/obr.13462 [DOI:10.1111/obr.13462]
17. Lopez PD, Cativo EH, Atlas SA, Rosendorff C. The effect of vegan diets on blood pressure in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American journal of medicine. 2019;132(7):875-83. e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.01.044 [DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.01.044]
18. Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of the American heart association. 2013;2(1):e004473. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.112.004473 [DOI:10.1161/JAHA.112.004473]
19. Rohani H, Azali-Alamdari KJJoAEP. Effect of aerobic training on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A meta-analysis study. 2019;15(30):77-102. Doi: 10.22080/JAEP.2019.15074.1817
20. Mohammadpour Z, Alamdari KA, Zarneshan AJRiSM, Technology. Effect of regular aquatic exercises on blood pressure in Hypertensive subjects: a meta-analysis. 2020;18(20):59-76. Doi: 10.29252/jsmt.18.20.59
21. Li L, Liu X, Shen F, Xu N, Li Y, Xu K, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis. Medicine. 2022;101(50). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032246 [DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000032246]
22. Schneider VM, Domingues LB, Umpierre D, Tanaka H, Ferrari R. Exercise characteristics and blood pressure reduction after combined aerobic and resistance training: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Hypertension. 2023;41(7):1068-76. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003455 [DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000003455]
23. Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range. BMC medical research methodology. 2014;14:1-13. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-135 [DOI:10.1186/1471-2288-14-135]
24. Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: John Wiley & Sons; 2019. DOI:10.1002/9781119536604 [DOI:10.1002/9781119536604]
25. Kazeminasab F, Sharafifard F, Mohebinejad M. Comparing the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition in Adults with Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2023;41(721):406-26. Doi:10.48305/JIMS.V41.I721.0406
26. De Morton NA. The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(2):129-33. DOI: 10.1016/s0004-9514(09)70043-1 [DOI:10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1]
27. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Bmj. 2003;327(7414):557-60. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 [DOI:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557]
28. Copas J, Shi JQ. Meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis. Biostatistics. 2000;1(3):247-62. DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/1.3.247 [DOI:10.1093/biostatistics/1.3.247]
29. Kazeminasab F, Sharafifard F, Miraghajani M, Behzadnejad N, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology.14:1178376. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178376 [DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1178376]
30. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Bmj. 1997;315(7109):629-34. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 [DOI:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629]
31. Bhardwaj S, Misra A, Gulati S, Anoop S, Kamal VK, Pandey RM. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of high Protein Complete (lActo) VEgetaRian (PACER) diet in non-diabetic obese Asian Indians in North India. Heliyon. 2017;3(12):e00472. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00472 [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00472]
32. Świątkiewicz I, Di Somma S, De Fazio L, Mazzilli V, Taub PR. Effectiveness of intensive cardiac rehabilitation in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease in real-world practice. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3883. DOI: 10.3390/nu13113883 [DOI:10.3390/nu13113883]
33. Slavícek J, Kittnar O, Fraser GE, Medová E, Konecná J, Zizka R, et al. Lifestyle decreases risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Central European journal of public health. 2008;16(4):161-4. DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3474 [DOI:10.21101/cejph.a3474]
34. Dod HS, Bhardwaj R, Sajja V, Weidner G, Hobbs GR, Konat GW, et al. Effect of intensive lifestyle changes on endothelial function and on inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;105(3):362-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.09.038 [DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.09.038]
35. Suazo EMH, Chagoya LAM, Gutierrez LGF. Improvement on biometrics in individuals undergoing a 10 and 21-day lifestyle intervention in a lifestyle medicine clinic in Mexico. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;11(2):66. DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2021.11.2.66 [DOI:10.15280/jlm.2021.11.2.66]
36. Kent L, Morton D, Rankin P, Ward E, Grant R, Gobble J, Diehl H. The effect of a low-fat, plant-based lifestyle intervention (CHIP) on serum HDL levels and the implications for metabolic syndrome status-a cohort study. Nutrition & metabolism. 2013;10:1-6. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-58 [DOI:10.1186/1743-7075-10-58]
37. Ahrens AP, Culpepper T, Saldivar B, Anton S, Stoll S, Handberg EM, et al. A six-day, lifestyle-based immersion program mitigates cardiovascular risk factors and induces shifts in gut microbiota, specifically lachnospiraceae, ruminococcaceae, faecalibacterium prausnitzii: a pilot study. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3459. doi: 10.3390/nu13103459 [DOI:10.3390/nu13103459]
38. Toobert DJ, Glasgow RE, Radcliffe JL. Physiologic and related behavioral outcomes from the Women's Lifestyle Heart Trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2000;22(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1007/BF02895162 [DOI:10.1007/BF02895162]
39. Müller P, Lechner K, Halle M, Braun-Dullaeus RJGJoSMDZfS. Physical Activity and Arterial Hypertension. 2023;74(3). DOI: 10.5960/dzsm.2023.560 [DOI:10.5960/dzsm.2023.560]
40. Jayalath VH, De Souza RJ, Sievenpiper JL, Ha V, Chiavaroli L, Mirrahimi A, et al. Effect of dietary pulses on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. American journal of hypertension. 2014;27(1):56-64. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt155 [DOI:10.1093/ajh/hpt155]
41. Schwingshackl L, Chaimani A, Schwedhelm C, Toledo E, Pünsch M, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Comparative effects of different dietary approaches on blood pressure in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2019;59(16):2674-87. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1463967 [DOI:10.1080/10408398.2018.1463967]
42. Yokoyama Y, Nishimura K, Barnard ND, Takegami M, Watanabe M, Sekikawa A, et al. Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis. JAMA internal medicine. 2014;174(4):577-87. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14547 [DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14547]
43. Alexander S, Ostfeld RJ, Allen K, Williams KA. A plant-based diet and hypertension. Journal of geriatric cardiology: JGC. 2017;14(5):327. DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.014
44. Baradaran A, Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Oxidative stress and hypertension: Possibility of hypertension therapy with antioxidants. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2014;19(4):358.
45. Marques FZ, Nelson E, Chu P-Y, Horlock D, Fiedler A, Ziemann M, et al. High-fiber diet and acetate supplementation change the gut microbiota and prevent the development of hypertension and heart failure in hypertensive mice. Circulation. 2017;135(10):964-77. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024545 [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024545]
46. Dasinger JH, Fehrenbach DJ, Abais-Battad JM. Dietary protein: Mechanisms influencing hypertension and renal disease. Current hypertension reports. 2020;22:1-8. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1018-8 [DOI:10.1007/s11906-020-1018-8]
47. Igarashi Y, Akazawa N, Maeda S. Regular aerobic exercise and blood pressure in East Asians: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. 2018;40(4):378-89. DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1384483 [DOI:10.1080/10641963.2017.1384483]
48. Heberle I, de Barcelos GT, Silveira LMP, Costa RR, Gerage AM, Delevatti RS. Effects of aerobic training with and without progression on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2021;171:108581. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108581 [DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108581]
49. Zouhal H, Jacob C, Delamarche P, Gratas-Delamarche A. Catecholamines and the effects of exercise, training and gender. Sports medicine. 2008;38(5):401-23. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838050-00004 [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200838050-00004]
50. Martinez DG, Nicolau JC, Lage RL, Toschi-Dias E, de Matos LD, Alves MJN, et al. Effects of long-term exercise training on autonomic control in myocardial infarction patients. Hypertension. 2011;58(6):1049-56. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176644 [DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176644]
51. Winterfeld H, Siewert H, Bohm J, Möbes R, Bauer U, Reisinger J, Conradi E. Hemodynamics in arterial hypertension treated with running endurance training or nifedipine therapy. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie. 1996;85(3):171.
52. Hansen AH, Nyberg M, Bangsbo J, Saltin B, Hellsten Y. Exercise training alters the balance between vasoactive compounds in skeletal muscle of individuals with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):943-9. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176529 [DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176529]
53. Black JM, Stöhr EJ, Shave R, Esformes JI. Influence of exercise training mode on arterial diameter: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2016;19(1):74-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.007 [DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.007]
54. James P, Oparil S, Carter B, Cushman W, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427 [DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427]
55. Rankinen T, Pérusse L, Rauramaa R, Rivera M, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2001;33(6):855. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200106000-00001 [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200106000-00001]
56. Pescatello LS, Blanchard BE, Van Heest JL, Maresh CM, Gordish-Dressman H, Thompson PD. The Metabolic Syndrome and the immediate antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise: a randomized control design. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2008;8(1):12. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-8-12 [DOI:10.1186/1471-2261-8-12]
57. Pedralli ML, Waclawovsky G, Camacho A, Markoski MM, Castro I, Lehnen AM. Study of endothelial function response to exercise training in hypertensive individuals (SEFRET): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1210-y [DOI:10.1186/s13063-016-1210-y]
58. Lelbach A, Koller A. Mechanisms underlying exercise-induced modulation of hypertension. 2017.
59. Devan AE, Eskurza I, Pierce GL, Walker AE, Jablonski KL, Kaplon RE, Seals DR. Regular aerobic exercise protects against impaired fasting plasma glucose-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging. Clinical science (London, England: 1979). 2013;124(5):325. DOI: 10.1042/CS20120291 [DOI:10.1042/CS20120291]
60. Roque FR, Briones AM, García‐Redondo AB, Galán M, Martínez‐Revelles S, Avendaño MS, et al. Aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular changes of small mesenteric and coronary arteries in hypertension. British journal of pharmacology. 2013;168(3):686-703. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02224.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02224.x]
61. Nyberg M, Jensen LG, Thaning P, Hellsten Y, Mortensen SP. Role of nitric oxide and prostanoids in the regulation of leg blood flow and blood pressure in humans with essential hypertension: effect of high‐intensity aerobic training. The Journal of physiology. 2012;590(6):1481-94. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225136 [DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225136]
62. Montero D, Roche E, Martinez-Rodriguez A. The impact of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffness in pre-and hypertensive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of cardiology. 2014;173(3):361-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.072 [DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.072]
63. Taddei S, Galetta F, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Salvetti G, Franzoni F, et al. Physical activity prevents age-related impairment in nitric oxide availability in elderly athletes. Circulation. 2000;101(25):2896. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.25.2896 [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.101.25.2896]
64. MacDonald HV, Pescatello LS. Exercise Prescription for Hypertension: New Advances for Optimizing Blood Pressure Benefits. Lifestyle in Heart Health and Disease: Elsevier; 2018. p. 115-36. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811279-3.00009-4 [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-811279-3.00009-4]
65. Harris-Packer T, Forehand J, Hodges T, Leigh K. The Implementation of an Exercise by Prescription Program in Middle-aged Hypertensive African American Women. 2015. DOI: 10.5176/2345-718X_2.1.59 [DOI:10.5176/2345-718X_2.1.59]
66. O'Neil S, Thomas A, Pettit-Mee R, Pelletier K, Moore M, Thompson J, et al. Exercise Prescription Techniques in Cardiac Rehabilitation Centers in Midwest States. Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology. 2018;7(1):8-14. DOI:10.31189/2165-6193-7.1.8 [DOI:10.31189/2165-6193-7.1.8]
67. Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for hypertension: a prescription update integrating existing recommendations with emerging research. Current hypertension reports. 2015;17(11):1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0600-y [DOI:10.1007/s11906-015-0600-y]
68. Yu R, Woo J, Chan AS, Sze SL. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention improves psychological well-being and physical health of community-dwelling elderly: a pilot study. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2014:727-36. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S59985 [DOI:10.2147/CIA.S59985]
69. Voeghtly L, Neatrour D, Decewicz D, Burke A, Haberkorn M, Lechak F, et al. Cardiometabolic risk reduction in an intensive cardiovascular health program. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2013;23(7):662-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.01.012 [DOI:10.1016/j.numecd.2012.01.012]
70. Pischke CR, Weidner G, Elliott-Eller M, Scherwitz L, Merritt-Worden TA, Marlin R, et al. Comparison of coronary risk factors and quality of life in coronary artery disease patients with versus without diabetes mellitus. The American journal of cardiology. 2006;97(9):1267-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.051 [DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.051]
71. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Gould KL, Merritt TA, Sparler S, et al. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. Jama. 1998;280(23):2001-7. DOI: 10.1001/jama.280.23.2001 [DOI:10.1001/jama.280.23.2001]
72. Morton D, Rankin P, Kent L, Sokolies R, Dysinger W, Gobble J, Diehl H. The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) and reduction of chronic disease risk factors in Canada. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. 2014;75(2):72-7. DOI: 10.3148/75.2.2014.72 [DOI:10.3148/75.2.2014.72]
73. Koertge J, Weidner G, Elliott-Eller M, Scherwitz L, Merritt-Worden TA, Marlin R, et al. Improvement in medical risk factors and quality of life in women and men with coronary artery disease in the Multicenter Lifestyle Demonstration Project. The American journal of cardiology. 2003;91(11):1316-22. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00320-5 [DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00320-5]
74. Klimis H, Thiagalingam A, McIntyre D, Marschner S, Von Huben A, Chow CK. Text messages for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: the TextMe2 randomized clinical trial. American Heart Journal. 2021;242:33-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.08.009 [DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2021.08.009]
75. Kent LM, Grant RS, Watts G, Morton DP, Rankin PM, Ward EJ. HDL subfraction changes with a low-fat, plant-based Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP). Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2018;27(5):1002-9. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.052018.05
76. Alamdari KA. Influence of metabolic risk on adaptation of mean arterial pressure with endurance training and detraining: study of males with mild hypertension. Majallah-i pizishki-i Danishgah-i Ulum-i Pizishki va Khadamat-i Bihdashti-i Darmani-i Tabriz. 2017;39(1):6.
77. Moker EA, Bateman LA, Kraus WE, Pescatello LS. The Relationship between the Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise following Training and Detraining Periods. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105755 [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0105755]
78. Chainani-Wu N, Weidner G, Purnell DM, Frenda S, Merritt-Worden T, Pischke C, et al. Changes in emerging cardiac biomarkers after an intensive lifestyle intervention. The American journal of cardiology. 2011;108(4):498-507. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.077 [DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.077]
79. Diehl HA. Coronary risk reduction through intensive community-based lifestyle intervention: the Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) experience. The American journal of cardiology. 1998;82(10):83-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00746-2 [DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00746-2]
80. Frattaroli J, Weidner G, Merritt-Worden TA, Frenda S, Ornish D. Angina pectoris and atherosclerotic risk factors in the multisite cardiac lifestyle intervention program. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2008;101(7):911-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.11.039 [DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.11.039]
81. Koeder C, Kranz R-M, Anand C, Husain S, Alzughayyar D, Schoch N, et al. Effect of a 1-year controlled lifestyle intervention on body weight and other risk markers (the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme, cohort 2). Obesity Facts. 2022;15(2):228-39. DOI: 10.1159/000521164 [DOI:10.1159/000521164]
82. Marshall DA, Walizer EM, Vernalis MN. Achievement of heart health characteristics through participation in an intensive lifestyle change program (Coronary Artery Disease Reversal Study). Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2009;29(2):84-94. DOI: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e31819a00b2 [DOI:10.1097/HCR.0b013e31819a00b2]
83. Ornish D, Brown SE, Billings J, Scherwitz L, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?: The Lifestyle Heart Trial. The Lancet. 1990;336(8708):129-33. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91656-u [DOI:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91656-U]
84. Ornish D, Magbanua MJM, Weidner G, Weinberg V, Kemp C, Green C, et al. Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105(24):8369-74. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803080105 [DOI:10.1073/pnas.0803080105]
85. Pischke CR, Weidner G, Elliott‐Eller M, Ornish D. Lifestyle changes and clinical profile in coronary heart disease patients with an ejection fraction of≤ 40% or> 40% in the Multicenter Lifestyle Demonstration Project. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2007;9(9):928-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.05.009DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.05.009 [DOI:10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.05.009]
86. Tsaban G, Meir AY, Rinott E, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Shalev A, et al. The effect of green Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic risk; a randomised controlled trial. Heart. 2021;107(13):1054-61. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317802 [DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317802]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
