modern research physics

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Effects of various CuCl2 trearments (0, 100, 300, 500 µM) at rosette stage on accumulation of Cu+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, and K+, and proline concentration in root and leaf of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (PF and Hyola) were studied under greenhouse conditions. In general, in response to copper chloride treatments, significant differences were observed between physiological behaviors of these cultivars. With increasing in CuCl2 concentration, the increases in copper and proline levels and decrease in Fe+2, Mg+2, and K+ concentrations were greater in PF (especially root) than that of Hyola. Thus, it seemed that PF had more ability against heavy metal stress, compared with Hyola. Therefore, from biochemical point of view, PF could be introduced as more tolerant cultivar to heavy metal stress, in comparison to Hyola.

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A proton NMR method for the study of the solvation of alkaline earth cations with methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH) and propanol (PrOH) in nitromethane (NM) as diluent is described. The method is based on monitoring the resonance frequency of alchohols protons as a function of solvent to metal ion mole ratio at constant metal ion concentration. The average solvation number of cation, , at any alchohol/methal ion mole ratio was calculated from the NMR chemical shift-mole ratio data and was plotted against the mole ratio values. The solvation numbers of alkaline earth cations were obtained from the limiting values of the corresponding vs. mole ratio plots. With regard to the results presented, there are increases in the solvation number from Mg2+ to Sr2+ about every alcohols, but decreases in solvation number from methanol to propanol as concerns every metal ion.

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One of the most important subjects of watershed basins is the protection of soil and water resources with regarding to control of erosion and sediment yield. The empirical methods for estimation of erosion rates and sediment yield measures such as PSIAC and EPM more emphasize environmental factors so mach so that the important lithological agents are not considered. Therefore, in this research attempts are made to propose a suitable and comprehensive method for inherent sensitivity of lithological units. To this end rock units are classified based on mineralogical composition and their textures in 10 orders of erodibility. The order of erodibility of each formation will be hased on average of lithological components. This method is used for microcontinental plate of central Iran to evaluate the model. Based on outcomes of the mentioned classification, more than 83 percents of rock units are classified from moderate- weak to totally loose and sensitive order. In average, the basin is categorized as very sensitive to erosion. With regarding to obtained results in comparison to specific sediment yield rate that obtained from statistical analysis of observed measures, the accuracy and the ability of the method is confirmed.

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Efron's bootstrap method can only be used to estimate the precision measures of estimators when observations are independent. For spatial data that are spatially correlated, the moving block bootstrap method is usually used. But, in this method, the boundary observations have less chance of presence in blocks resampling than the other observations. In this paper, the new separate block bootstrap method is introduced and an algorithm is given for estimating the precision measures of estimators. A simulation study is carried out to compare the efficiency of the separate block bootstrap method with moving block bootstrap. It is shown that, with their method we can estimate the bias of sample mean with no error, and the estimator for variance of sample mean is consistent.

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222 prespawning adult Acipenser persicus including 178 female and 44 male were sampled for studying the effect of temperature on the artificial breeding in the southeast of the Caspian sea during march 2000 – May 2001. The samples breeded in the shahid Marjany, sturgeon breeding and propagation center in Gorgan. In this study, the effect of temperature on fertilization percentage, the time of female sex ripering, positive feedback of broodstock to injection of pituitary studied. To study the effect of temperature on fertilization percentage, the time of female sex ripering, temperature groups divided into three groups and also to study the effect of temperature on the positive feedback of broodstock to injection on pituitary the temperature groups were divided into four groups. The highest fertilization percentage observed in 16.1-18°c. Increasing the temperature declined the time of female ripering of sexual maturity and positive feedback to pituitary injection

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Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.), native to the arid regions of Indian subcontinent, is a valuable tree because its fast growing rate and many technological importanc applications. We examined micrografting of the highly interested A.indica onto Melia Azedarach L. (Persian lilac) rootstock seedling, with the objective of estimating the resistance of this :::union::: to cold treatment afterwards. In these micrografting experiments the age of rootstock, the localization of graft and hormonal treatments during the time course of growth were examined under in vitro condition and after transfering to soil. The best shoot tips graft success was found on young rootstock(40.1%) in lateral hypocotyls position. Exogenous auxine in association with cytokinine was necessary to the best :::union::: and growth.In contrast effect of treatment increased amount of 18.33%in compare to control. If salicylic acid showed an inhibitory effect on the graft-take amount of 3% in compare to control,but salicylic acid treatment cause the highest grafting success amount of 8.33% in compare to control , signifying a useful role of salicylic pretreatment in acclimatization to soil conditions for these grafted plantlets.

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The Sorkh Shale Formation (Lower Triassic) crops out in parts of Tabas Block. This formation is composed of limestone, dolomite, sandstone, shale and gypsum. Its lower contact with the Permian rocks and its upper contact with the Shotori Formation is marked by distinct erosional unconformity. To determine the depositional environments of the Sorkh Shale Formation, stratigraphic sections of Godar-e-Sorkh (southeast of Tabas), Godar-e-Gachal (southwest of Tabas) and Islam-Abad (southeast of Zarand) have been studied. Field and laboratory studies have shown that the Sorkh Shale Formatin consists of carbonate (lagoonal to tidal flat environments), silisiclastic (lagoonal, tidal flat and coastal plain environments) and evaporite (playa environment) facies. Both carbonate and siliciclastic storm deposites (tempestite) are also recognized. The Sorkh Shale Formation have been formed in a homoclinal clastic-carbonate ramp similar to the peresent day Persian Gulf. The Sorkh Shale succession in the Tabas Block indicates a depositional sequence (3rd_order cycle) bounded by type 1 unconformities. Northward increase in carbonate content, northward paleocurrent directions and higher thickness of the Lower Triassic rocks indicate that the Sorkh Shale Formation was deposited in a failed rift along the Kalmard/Kuhbanan and Nayband Faults.

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We investigate the problem of estimating the ratio of subjects that share a particular characteristic in a population, but some degree of misclassification is possible. The misclassification probabilities are considered as the random variables, and we study a Bayesian approach to this problem. We propose a method to calculate the exact posterior density of the ratio, based on some prior distributions. We, then, study a method to determine the sample size, using average coverage criterion. We also investigate the effect of different prior distributions on the sample size.

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Long-term UVB and UVC irradiation can increase the skin cancer risk the researchers insist more on the carcinogenetic effect of UVB, but scale cells cancer of skin and malignant melanoma are caused by UVA radiation. Regard to broad use of UV (260nm) lamps in laboratory hoods, it is necessary to study the effect of UVC (260 nm) radiation on the skin. In this study, the effect of UVC radiation with wavelenght 260 nm on the skin and ear of one month and two months old Balb/c mice during 25, 50, and 100 hours exposure time have been investigated. The results show that UV (260nm) radiation increases the epidermis thickness. The other skin layers in both ages show alternate changes in different exposure times. Also, it may be concluded that the increase in hair follicles is not significant.

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To prove the famous Cohen factorization theorem, even in Banach algebras, having a bounded approximate identity has special importance. In extending the Cohen’s theorem to topological algebras, we not only use an approximate identity, but some more powerful boundedness is also needed. Here we recall an open problem about uniformly bounded approximate identities on complete metrizable LMC algebras, and try to answer it1.

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Olibanum (Frankincense) is a plant resin, which could be obtained from Boswellia carerii and some species of genus Boswellia. Survay in the field of Iranian and Islamic medicine customy indicating that most former and recent medicine customy philosophers believe that following consumption of Olibanum, specially during pregnancy, might increase intelligence, memory and learning abilities in the children. In the present investigation, thin layer chromatography method was used to identify plant species. The main goal of this research was to determine if Olibanum extract has any effect on learning abilities as well as memory in the next generation. Twenty wirgin Wistar rats were mated and the first day of gestation was determined by observation of vaginal plaque. The pregnant animals were divided into two experiment.11 (n=7) and one control (n=6) groups. From day 10 of gestation to 10 day post -paturition, every five day, the peregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally of 0.2 ml of aqueou extraction of Olibanum (%5 and %10 in experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively). The control rats were received equal volume of normal saline. When nevborns became two months old, randomly from each litters, one male and one female were selected. A T-complex maze was used first to test learning abilities by counting their errors and also measuring the time of reaching the goal. To test the effects of Olibanum on 1ong term memory. The examined animals were left free of any test for a period or 20 days. Then, they were tested again by the same maze. The results indicating that, in comparison with control animals, administration of Olibanum aqueous extraction specially 5% solution could significantly increase (p < 0.001) the rate of learning abilities and long-term memory as well.

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Three granitoid bodies, Shirkuh batholith, Kaffe Abad and Ader Bolandan are exposed in NW Yazd, Cutting across the Naiband formation (Upper Triassic), and overlain by Cretaceous formations. Shirkuh batholith is most likely of Jurassic age. It seems to be the first and the most significant episode of magmatism in studied area which occurred in Middle Jurassic (Late Cimmerian) time. On the other hand, contact metamorphism of Cretaceous limestone arround the Kaffe Abad and Ader Bolandan intrusive bodies due to intrusion of granites and dioritic dikes and also the formation of various skarns indicate that the Kaffe Abad and Ader Bolandan intrusive bodies were emplaced during the later orogenic phases. Therefore, Shirkuh granitoid batholith has a wide range of Plutonic activity during Jurassic time, the most important episode of which has occurred in Middle Jurassic. Because of metamorphism of surrounding Cretaceous limestons, the Kaffe Abad and Ader-Bolandan intrusive bodies are at least younger than Lower Cretaceous and it is also possible that they are Oligo Miocene in age. Quartz, plagioclase and orthoclase are the major minerals, while garnet, biotite, pyroxene, amphibole, tourmaline, apatite, zircon, cordierite, andalusite, magnetite and hematite are found as accessory minerals in these rocks. SiO2, Na2O, K2O and CaO content are variable in different parts of the intrusive bodies. Spider diagrams clearly demonstrate Ba, K, Rb enrichment and Ti, Sr, Nb depletion in these rocks. Geochemically, two types of granites, I and S, are recognized, S type granites of which are more abundant in the region. Marble, skarn, Fe Cu Pb Zn. mineralization and non metalic minerals, such as kaolinite exist as economic potentials.

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In this research, the effect of water stress on the soluble sugars, starch and proteins content of two different cultivars (kaka and jam) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was studied. The results showed that the soluble sugars increased while starch decreased during the stress in shoot and root of both cultivars. Increasing of soluble sugars and decreasing of starch hall a positive correlation with water stress. Variations of soluble sugars in two cultivars were significant, but its amount was higher in kaka than in jam. Variations of starch in tow cultivars were significant too, but its amount were higher in jam than in kaka, This may suggests that kaka is more tolerant to water stress than jam. Consideration of the electrophorogram of proteins showed the changes of protein bands under drought stress.

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Ahangaran lead-silver deposit is located 25 km southeast of Malayer on Malayer Arak road. The deposit is tectonically situated in Sanandej-Sirjan zone. Mineralization in Ahangaran mine occurs between sandstone and dolomite units, which is expanded into dolomite unit. The host rock of the deposit is limestone, which is early Cretaceous in age and apparently mineralization, occurs in the same time. Ahangaran deposit has been conformed of two parts including statiform and epigenetic vein type. Studies on the minerals such as pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite reveal that the veins have formed in high temperature, while the stratiform zone was formed in a low temperature sedimentary environment. Mineralogical and geological characteristics of the Ahangaran deposit indicate the deposit to be a sedimentary exhalative type and the relationships between Ag and Pb confirm this idea. As a whole it can be said that the Ahangaran deposit is a polygenetic deposit which is formed in four stages: hypogene epigenetic, hypogene syngenetic, supergene epigenetic and supergene syngenetic. volume of normal saline. When nevborns became two months old, randomly from each litters, one male and one female were selected. AT-complex maze was used first to test learning abilities by counting their errors and also measuring the time of reaching the goal. To test the effects of Olibanum on long-term memory, the examined animals were left free of any test for a period of 20 days. Then, they were tested again by the same maze. The results indicating that, in comparison with control animals, administration of Olibanum aqueous extraction specially 5% solution could significantly increase (p<0.00l) the rate of learning abilities and long-term memory as well.

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In this research ChloroaIminium and Copper Phthalocyanine(ClAlPc and CuPc)were purified twice, using entrained sublimitation techniques. Ohmic contacts were made on the samples using the electrical properties of both (ClAlPc and CuPc) were studied over a range of temperatures. The activation energies of these materials were measured using both forward and reverse current-voltage characteristic and then they were carnpared. It was found that ClAlPc has a lower activation energy than CuPc. Further, I found that in ClAlPc, the activation energies evaluated using forward and reverse bias differ significantly at low temperatures while in CuPc this did not occur.

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Cadmium is an important environmental pollutant with much application. The main use of this metal is in electroplating and used as a cathode material for nickel cadmium batteries. Chronic exposure to cadmium can result in damaging of various tissues such as the liver, kidney and tested. In this study, we used cadmium chloride at a dose of 2mg/kg, taurine at a dose of 400mg/kg both were used intreperitneal administration for the long-term treatment for 4 weeks (two days in week). The parameters include relative testicular weight, body weight, testicular volume, the thickness of tunca alboginea and spermatogonia A and B, spermatocyte, spermatid, leyding cell and sertoli cellwere investigated. The results indicated that cadmium significantly increased the thickness of tunca alboginea and relative testicular weight, whereas, the other parameters were significantly decreased also no change never observed after treatment with a combination of taurine and cadmium. This results demonstrated that cadmium induced damage was protected by taurne in mice.

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Mobarak Formation consisting of thick carbonate successions was formed ring Lower Carboniferous in Aru area, Central Alborz, near Tehran. This Formation du disconformably overlain by Dorud (Lower Permian) and underlain by Geirud Formation. Major and minor elements and behavior of and values with trace elements are used for recognition of original carbonate mineralogy. These carbonates are affected mostly by meteoric diagenesis. Facies analysis and petrographic studies led to recognition of 14 microfacies deposited in an open marine, barrier, lagoon and tidal flat environments. The high Sr concentration is due to aragonitic components deposited in lagoon and back barrier settings. Barrier and open marine facies have low Sr and high Fe, Mn and Na concentrations. A ramp platform is suggested as a depositional environment.

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Kuhbanan fault is located between Tabas and Yazd blocks in the south west margin of central Iran microplate, extending from North west of Kerman to East of Bafgh, with 300 km length and NW-SE strike. The fault is one of the most seismic structural trend in the region. The latest seismic activity of the fault occurred on the first of April, 2002 with Ms=4,3 over the north-east Dehzo-segment of the fault. Kuhbanan earthquake fault consists of several segments. Movement in the southeast and central segments has been dextral strike-slip with a large reverse component during Plio-Quaternary.Study of alluvial fan deposits in Zarand, Toghroljerd and Bahabad plains indicates that deposition, development and morphology of the alluvial fans have been affected by the tectonic activity of Kuhbanan fault segment and morphology of the alluvial fans have been affected by the tectonic activity of Kuhbanan fault segment which are located in the mountain front of Kerman-Kuhbanan and west Bahabad mountain ranges. Several coalesced alluvial fans exist which are adjacent to Tikdar-Gorcho, Khanok, Rigabad-Daho, Apang-Sarbagh, Gisk, Dartangal, Dehzo and NW Dehzo fault segments in the eastern margin of Zarand plain. The youngest part of the fans is formed in the fanhead area and apex of fans does not progress to the mountain front. Active and inactive areas are formed at the surface of fans some of the them are deeply dissected. Longitudinal profile of the fans is usually segmented and some show a decreasing slope. Vertical profile of the fans is wedge shape, with maximum thickness adjacent to the fault segments and some fans are lense shape. Internal structure of the fans is mostly buried, but imbricated and inset fan also occur Main channel is in the margin or edge of the fans. Fan deposits are poorly sorted, coarsening upward. Apparent neotectonic fractures occurred in Khanok, Sarbagh, Dehzo and NW Dehzo semi-consolidated fan deposits. Several coalesced alluvial fans also exist adjacent to Toghroljard, Abassabad, Dargaz-Godgaz, SE Gavar, Fakhrabad, Khoshabad, Hossinabad and Kuh-e-Sorkh fault segments in the eats margin of Toghroljard plain and in the west margin of the Bagabad plain. Apex of the fans does not progress to the mountain front. Active and inactive areas are formed at the surface of dissected fans. Main channel is in the margin or edge of the fans. Apparent neotectonic fractures occurred in Fakhrabad, Khoshabad and Hossinabad fan deposits. Based on the surface morphology, vertical variation and internal structure of the alluvial fans, it is concluded that 1) neotectonic activity of fault segments have caused continuous elevating of mountain front or sinking of piedmont, and right lateral displacement of mountains relative to plain at late Quaternary. 2) The highest tectonic activity have occurred over Khanok, Righabad, Gisk, Dartangal, Apang-Darbagh, NW Dehzo and Fakhrabad segments during and after deposition of alluvial fans.

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The complex [Fe3O(AcO)6(H2O)3]+ was prepared by treating 1, 3, 5-trimethy l-2, 4, 6-trioxane with FeCl3. 6H2O in the presence of sodium metal. The structure of this complex was calculated by abinitio method as a Hexagonal skeleton with bridging - acetate ion. Based on this calculation D3h symmetry for the central Fe3O unit, and C2v symmetry for trans- Fe O'O"O4 - units chelated on iron ions around the three centred nuclei, are proposed. Combination vibration of these two units resulted in explanation and charactrization of IR spectrum of this compound.

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The most prevalent and important mechanism of bacterial resistance to &beta-lactam antibiotics, is the production of &beta-lactamase enzymes which inactivate these drugs by the hydrolytic cleavage of the four-membered &beta-lactam ring during two steps which is including the nucleophilic attack of the bridging hydroxide ion on the substrate and eventual protonation of the leaving amine group. During this reaction, metal ions play an important role in the catalytic process. Despite the availability of &beta-lactamase crystallographic structures, their mechanism of action is still unclear and no clinically useful inhibitors of these enzymes have been reported. Density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP and 6-31G, 6-31G* and 6-311G** basis sets have been employed to calculate the details of electronic structure and electronic energy of catalytic reaction of CcrA enzyme active center from metallo-&beta-lactamase enzymes (M&betaLs), penicillin from &beta-lactam antibiotics, and the formed complexes including ES, ETS₁, EI₁, EI₂, ETS₂ and EP respectively, has been used. Also all the thermodynamic functions including ∆Hº, ∆Sº and ∆Gº to form two transition states, ETS₁ and ETS₂, and for the total reaction are evaluated at 25 °C, 31 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure. In all calculations solvent effects have been considered by using PCM method for water, ethanol, protein environment, nitro methane and carbon tetrachloride. Finally this reaction proceeds during an exothermic and spontaneous process, and the first step, the nucleophilic attack of the bridging hydroxide ion on the substrate, is the rate-limiting step