modern research physics

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In this research work nano porous silicon layers with different porosity were prepared by using electrochemical etching. Surface morphology and size of pores were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).TiO2 thin films with EBPVD method have been deposited on the surface of PSi layers. The influence of anodization conditions such as anodization time interval and current density on electrical properties and surface morphology of sandwich devices were carried out using I-V measurement .The results showed that, electrical properties were influenced by changes of current density and anodization time interval. We also investigated the AC electrical conductivity of Al/TiO2/PSi/Al sandwich devices over the range of frequency 102 to 105 Hz and temperature range 300 to 378 K. It is known that, over the range of frequency < 103Hz the band theory and over the range of frequency > 103Hz hopping mechanism is applicable in explaining the conductivity of TiO2/PSi thin films nano structures with aluminum electrodes.

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In this paper, we study the Arens regularity properties of module actions and we extend some proposition from Baker, Dales, Lau and others into general situations. We establish some relationships between the topological centers of module actions and factorization properties of them with some results in group algebras. In 1951 Arens shows that the second dual of Banach algebra endowed with the either Arens multiplications is a Banach algebra, see [1]. The constructions of the two Arens multiplications in lead us to definition of topological centers for with respect to both Arens multiplications. The topological centers of Banach algebras, module actions and applications of them were introduced and discussed in [3, 5, 6, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25]. In this paper, we extend some problems from [3, 5, 6, 16, 22] to the general criterion on module actions with some applications in group algebras. Baker, Lau and Pym in [3] proved that for Banach algebra with bounded right approximate identity, is an ideal of right annihilators in and . In the following, for a Banach , we study the similar discussion on the module actions and for Banach , we show that

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In this study, we simulate numerically the process of oxygen mass transport in the human circulatory system incorporating the contribution of axial diffusion. Simulated equation is a time dependent convective-diffusion partial differential equation wherein has applicable application in the bioengineering problems such as boundary layer of fluids, electrical circuits in cables and mass transport problems.
The analytical solution of this kind of equations is complicated. Therefore, the numerical solution for obtaining the approximate solution is important and the convergence and stability in this method of solution, is always a question. In this study, we try to answer the above questions with respect to this special equation and for this we use finite differences.

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Monitoring process mean and variance simultaneously in a single control chart simplifies
the process monitoring. If in addition, a simultaneous control chart is capable of
recognizing the source of contamination, this capability leads to additional simplicity.
These are the reasons why simultaneous control charts have attracted many researchers and
manufacturers.
Recently, in the statistical process control literature some control charts have been
introduced which are based on the idea of Bayesian predictive density. This type of control
charts, not only brings into account the uncertainty concerning the estimation of unknown
parameters, but also do not need extensive simulations for computation of control limits.
These control charts have been introduced for mean and variance in both univariate and
multivariate situations.
Up to now, no simultaneous control chart has been introduced based on Bayesian predictive
density. In this paper, using the idea of Bayesian predictive density, we introduce a new
simultaneous control chart for monitoring univariate mean and variance. We illustrate the
important capabilities of this new chart through simulated data.
This new chart is applicable when parameters are unknown. In other words, it brings into
account the uncertainty concerning the unknown parameters. This chart is able to recognize
the source of contamination and is sensitive to small changes in the mean and variance. In
this chart the control limits, needless of simulation, can simply be obtained from normal
table.

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This paper aimed to investigate the relation between the coherent states and the wavelets. So first the standard, generalized and nonlinear coherent states were reviewed and then their properties were presented. As an example of the nonlinear coherent states, the coherent states of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator on a flat space were examined. Using the Dirac notation, the admissibility condition of the mother wavelets was studied. Then by means of the resolution of the identity of the generalized coherent states and the admissibility condition of the wavelets, a systematic method was presented to calculate the polynomial wavelets. At the end, as an illustrative example, the polynomial wavelets were constructed by using the nonlinear coherent states on a flat space.

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Determining the Optimal Complexity of Bipartite Access Structures

Abbas Cneraghi

Abstract

Keywords: Complexity, Secret Sharing Scheme, Access structure.



In a bipartite secret sharing scheme, the set of participants is divided into two parts, and all participants in each part play an equivalent role. The ideal bipartite access structures were characterized by Padro and Saez, but it is not known which is the optimal information rate of non ideal bipartite access structures. Determining the optimal complexity of general access structures is one of the major problems in secret sharing. We study this open problem restricted to the bipartite access structures, obtaining a new method to compute bounds on the optimal complexity. Namely, by using the connection between secret sharing schemes and polymatroids, we show a linear programming problem that determines, for each access structure, a lower bound on the complexity. Moreover, we show new optimal constructions for certain bipartite access structures.

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In this paper the electronic ,structure and optical properties of strontium sulfide in rocksalt phase have been studied. The calculation have been performed using pseudopotential method in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) by Abinit package.in this calculation we used of localized density approximation(LDA) and generaliezed geradient (GGA) approximation. The obtained result have been good agreement with other theory and experimental results.
Keywords: charge disturibution, density of state, density functional theory, SrS.Keywords: charge disturibution, density of state, density functional theory, SrS.Keywords: charge disturibution, density of state, density functional theory, SrS.Keywords: charge disturibution, density of state, density functional theory, SrS.

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The concept of rotundity is not far from differentiability . Some paper investigate the relation between rotundity and smoothness. In this paper we will explain some new relation between rotundity and very smoothness.
A Banach space is rotund if the midpoint of every two distinct points of unit sphere is in the open unit ball of Banach space. A Banach space is smooth if its norm is Gateaux differentiable at every non zero point of the space and it is very smooth if the norm is very Gateaux differentiable. That is , the norm of Banach space and the norm of second dual of Banach space are Gateaux differentiable at every non zero point of Banach space.

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    The methanol extracts of leaves and bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) were analyzed for their phenolic profiles and screened for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Two biochemical assays, namely DPPH free radical scavenging and &beta-caroten/linoleic acid activity systems, were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the species were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl₃ assays, respectively. Results indicated that the extracts are different in total phenolic content. Results from antioxidant activity showed that the extracts studied in DPPH radical scavenging assay are lower active than ascorbic acid and BHT as synthetic antioxidants. Antibacterial assay showed that the bulbs extract is more effective in inactivation of Haemophilus influenzae and Bacillus cereus and the leaves extract is more effective in inactivation of Bacillus cereus at 100 mg ml^-1 than others. Then, the extracts of Allium ampeloprasum possess strong antioxidant activity and may be used as new drug supplements in the future.

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Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are new technology for production of clean energy. SMFCs able to convert a wide range of organic matter contained in the sediment to bioelectricity. In this study four different ecosystems (sea, hatchery, river and spring) was evaluated to assess their potential to generate electricity. Graphites were used as anode and cathode electrode. The lowest produced voltage was around 310 mV and produced from hatchery. Compare to other ecosystems river generate highest maximum generated power density of 37.09 mw/m². The maximum generated voltage was 740 mV and it was completely stable for 12 days.

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Recently, concern over environmental and health effects of massive use of the antibiotics has let to growth of the bio-control agents application. Poly-&beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural polymer that can be depolymerized into water-soluble short-chain fatty acid monomers and acts as a microbial control agent. In this study, the effects of partially replacing the diet of Siberian sturgeon fingerlings with 2% and 5% PHB were investigated. Community level physiological profile (CLPP) was used to analyze anaerobic bacterial metabolic diversity in Siberian sturgeon fingerlings hindgut by using Biolog™ Ecoplate microplates. The results indicated that PHB increased metabolic activity in anaerobic bacteria in sturgeon hindgut. Also Lorenz curve and the Shannon index of Biolog™ Ecoplate data revealed that anaerobic metabolic potential of the bacterial community was different in the PHB-treated fishes as compared with the control situation.

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Fractional derivatives and integrals are new concepts of derivatives and integrals of arbitrary order. Partial differential equations whose derivatives can be of fractional order, are called fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). Recently, these equations have been under special attentions due to their most practical usages. In this paper, we survey a rather general case of FPDE, to obtain a numerical scheme, the fractional derivatives in the equation are replaced by common definitions such as Grundwald-Letnikov, Riemann-Liouville and Caputo, to improve the numerical solution, partial derivatives inside the equation are discrete using non-standard finite difference scheme. Then, we survey the stability of numerical scheme and prove that the proposed method is unconditionally stable. Eventually, in order to approve the theoretical results, we use presented technique to solve wave equation with fractional-order that is very practical and widely used in physics and its branches. Numerical results confirm the findings of the theory and show that this technique is effective.

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The increasing use of microwave appliances such as mobile phones in daily life has caused some anxiety about its possible effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the effects of microwave on the gonads and fertility rate of female Balb /C mouse. At first, an experimental generator microwave system was designed. Then, adult virgin females were exposed to waves for 4 days (6 hours per day) and their blood were applied for hormone assay of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone. The size and weight of ovaries were recorded and the structure and ultrastructure of them were examined by light and transmission electron microscope. Some females were placed in a cage with male individual of the same strain for mating, then the pregnancy rate was estimated and their offsprings were maintained in animal house until puberty. After puberty, ovaries were examined. The results did not show any significant difference in the size and weight of ovaries (P> 0.05), FSH, LH, estradiol, did not show change (P>0.05), but the results of transmission electron microscopy showed changes in ovary and follicle structure and also progesterone levels. The percentage of mating showed a significant reduction (P<0.05).

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In this paper, we present a numerical method for solving nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integral equations of the second kind which is based on the use of Haar wavelets and collocation method. We use properties of Block Pulse Functions (BPF) for solving Volterra integral equation. Numerical examples show efficiency of the method.

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A multitype branching random walk on the real line R is considered. The positions of n-th generation individuals form a point process with related intensity measure. The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of these intensity measures. The central and local limit theorems are proved.

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The stability constants of 1:1 complexes formed between M2+ : Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ , Cd2+ and the thymidine-5’-diphosphate (dTDP3-) were determined by potentiometric pH titration in aqueous solution (I= 0.1 M, NaNO3 25°C). For comparison, the same values were used the simple diphosphates monoesters (R-DP3-). The acidity constants for dTDP3- i.e. و و were measured also via potentiometric pH titration and various comparisons with related constants were made. By constraction of log versus p plots for the complexes of the diphosphates and by a carful evaluation of the various data pairs from the straight-line correlation, the results show that in the M(dTDP)-- complexes the points lie on the line and the metal ion is only diphosphate-coordinated. This means that there is no interaction between suger and nucleoside base with metal ion. The straight line equations, which result from the mentioned correlations, together with the pKa value of a given monoprotonated diphosphate monoester allow now to predict the stability constants of M(R-DP)--complexes.

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In a green house pot experiment, the effects of salinity and increasing levels of potassium supply on factors determining dry matter production of two barley cultivars(Reyhan and Afzal) were investigated, with regard to yield (Number of tillers and ears, dry weight of ears, straw, roots, thousand grain weight and leaf area). The plants were grown under four levels of potassium (K1= 0,K2=./25, K3 =./5 and K4=1 gr. K/Kg. soil) and 40mM NaCl in a randomized complete blocks design with four replication. The results indicated that by using of NaCl, the number of ears, dry weight of ears, thousand grain weight, biomass and leaf area increased, whereas dry weight of roots ,the number of tillers per plant ,duration of grain filling and maturity period in both cultivars decreased. Increasing of potassium supply significantly increased dry weight of shoots during vegetative growth, but during reproductive- and maturity growth had no marked influence on dry weight production. By increasing the levels of potassium accompanied with salinity no effects on above mentioned parameters were observed. This may be due to a high availability of potassium in the soil , which led to an increase in dry weight of the plant shoots.

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In this study the predicted epitopes of C2-V3-C3 domains of gp120 of HIV-1, present in Iran, were compared to the epitopes of the homologous domains in subtypes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I of this virus. Since epitopes are regions between the sequences with secondary structure which are hydrophilic and accessible, these parameters were used to predict the epitopes. The number of predicted helix (one) and sheet (five) regions in the Iranian isolate was equal to these numbers in subtypes A and F. Hubbard method recognized seven potential glycosylation sites on the Iranian isolate. In all other HIV-1 viruses, the number of putative glycosylation sites was less. In all subtypes, including the Iranian one, an epitope in the same region was predicted. In all analyzed sequences (excluding the Iranian one and subtypes D and H) a single long epitope was predicted in another region. In subtype H no epitope was predicted in that region. Similar to subtype D in the Iranian subtype B, two short epitopes were predicted in the same part. The computational analysis predicted similarities and dissimilarities between the locations of epitopes of the Iranian and other HIV-1 viruses. Although the primary structure of gp120 of the Iranian HIV-1 is highly related to subtype B, some differences were even predicted between the secondary and tertiary structure of the Iranian and consensus subtype B.

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A major part of structural studies is the analysis of elements of fold style. In this paper, the elements of main folds style in the Alborz – Central, Iran border zone, were investigated. In this respect, cylindricity, symmetry, style of a folded surface, style of a folded layer and style of a folded multilayer were evaluated. Finally, fold style characteristics and young history of folding in the studied area were indentified. In addition, two main mechanisms (Buckle and Detachment Folding) were distinguished.

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The Complex formation reaction between iodine with tetrabutylammonium halides (TBAX) has been studied spectrophotometrically in chloroform solution at 25ºC. Various aspects of the spectra of iodine in the presence of various concentration of different tetrabutylammonium halides have been discussed in terms of electronic specifications of iodine and halides. In the case of tetrabutylammonium iodide and at high concentrations of iodine, both 1:1 (I3-) and 2:1 (I5-) complexes have been formed. Formation constants of charge transfer complexes were evaluated from the computer fitting of the absorbance-mole ratio data and found to vary in the order: TBAI>TBABr>TBACl>TBAF.