Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards

fa ارزیابی و تحلیل ریسک وقوع زلزله بر شبکه آبرسانی شهر تهران Assessment and Earthquake Risk Analysis on Tehran Water Supply Network تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">سیستم آبرسانی شهری مهم ترین زیر ساخت حیاتی به شمار می آید که معمولا در اثر وقوع حوادث طبیعی به ویژه زلزله و سیل آسیب میبیند از این رو عملکرد خطوط لوله سیستم آبرسانی، تعیین کننده میزان تاب آوری و طراحی زیر ساخت در برابر مخاطرات متعدد طبیعی و انسان ساختی است. خطوط لوله شبکه آب در معرض بیشترین خسارات هستند. در همین راستا با مدلسازی لرزه ای و آنالیز مکانی عوارض شبکه انتقال آب شهری، لرزه خیزی شهر تهران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و شاخص های لرزه ای PGV,PGD،PGA شهر تهران محاسبه گردیده و میزان خطر پذیری منطقه مورد ارزیابی دقیق لرزه ای قرار گرفت. از طرفی برای وزن دهی شاخص های فوق از مدل ANP استفاده شده است. برای بررسی تعاملات و ارتباطات میان معیارها از نظر میزان اثرگذاری یا اثرپذیری از یکدیگر با توجه به هدف پژوهش و انجام مقایسات زوجی بین آنها پرسشنامه های مربوط تهیه و توسط کارشناسان مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش تکمیل گردید. مدل مفهومی ANP تهیه و در نرم افزار Super Decision اجرا گردید. پس از ترسیم وضعیت مخاطره و محاسبه آسیب پذیری شبکه آبرسانی استفاده از روش SAW مورد توجه قرار گرفت و وضعیت ریسک بر روی شبکه آبرسانی با روش SAW محاسبه گردید.. برای محاسبه ریسک زلزله براساس رابطه R= H*V مقادیر این دو مولفه (توان لرزه زایی، آسیب پذیری) در هم ضرب شده اند. این محاسبه در نرم افزار GIS  روی لایه های توان مخاطره زایی و آسیب پذیری انجام و نتیجه نهایی حاصل از این محاسبه در نقشه میزان ریسک پذیری نمایش داده شد. میزان ریسک محاسبه شده برای تمامی شبکه انتقال آب بر اثر زمین لرزه نشان داده شده است. نتایج نهایی حاکی از این است که پتانسیل خطر از خطر کم تا خیلی زیاد وجود دارد بیشترین مساحت منطقه در کلاس ریسک کم خطر با 50 درصد مربوط به نواحی جنوبی از منطقه مورد مطالعه و بیشترین میزان ریسک با حدود 14 درصد بیشتر در نواحی شمالی به چشم می خورد که در برنامه ریزی ها باید در اولویت باشد. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Introduction Earthquakes as one of the most important natural disasters on earth, have always caused irreparable damage to human settlements in a short period of time. Severe earthquakes have led to the idea of developing an infrastructure plan to reduce the risks and damages caused by it. The urban water supply system is the most important critical infrastructure that is usually damaged by natural disasters, particularly earthquakes and floods; hence, the function of the pipelines of the water system determines the degree of resilience and design of the infrastructure against multiple natural and man-made hazards. Considering the inability to prevent earthquakes and the inability of experts to accurately predict the time it is necessary to know the status of earthquake-structure and seismicity in Tehran to determine the amount of earthquake risk in order to make the necessary planning for structural reinforcement. Theoretical and field studies of tectonic seismicity in the Tehran area show that this city is located on an earthquake-prone area around the active and important faults of Masha, north of Tehran, Rey and Kahrizak. The occurrence of 20 relatively severe earthquakes illustrates this claim. Regarding the location of faults in Tehran city, it is necessary to assess the vulnerability of Tehran water facilities. Research Methodology The present study is a practical-analytic one. Considering the severity of earthquake damages, it is necessary to conduct earthquake hazard zonation studies in different urban areas and to determine important indicators of damage assessment such as maximum ground acceleration, maximum ground speed, maximum ground displacement. Three indices were considered for mapping earthquake seismic zones and their integration into the GIS presented a seismic hazard map. In the analysis of earthquake risk, it is necessary to evaluate two indicators of risk and vulnerability. To prepare the general hazard power mapping the weights obtained from the ANP model were applied to the existing raster layers via the Raster Calculator command. In this way, the standardized layers are multiplied separately by their respective weights and finally overlapped. In order to evaluate the vulnerability, a series of evaluation indices are introduced and ANP techniques are used. The relative value of each index is then calculated using the multivariate approach using the SAW technique. In order to calculate the earthquake risk based on R = H * V relation, the values of these two components were multiplied. This calculation was performed in GIS software on the risk and vulnerability raster layer and the final result of this calculation was displayed on the map. Description and interpretation of results In this study, we tried to estimate the relative risk and risk of seismic hazard on the water supply lines in Tehran, using available data and scientific methods, and map the risk level. These lines should be prepared first by the amount of earthquake hazard risk and then by the risk map, to estimate the earthquake risk on the water supply network. first the earthquake risk then the status of the hazard lines should be calculated. The vulnerability of the water supply lines was calculated using the ANP model by multiplying the total potential hazard risk then substrate transfer network vulnerability risk map obtained transmission network. The highest risk was in the west and north of Tehran. The maps showed the risk potential and the vulnerability of the lines. These areas had high seismic potential and the density of the lines was higher in these areas. Water transmission facilities are at risk and earthquake hazards may be affected by damage to the transmission lines, drinking water to a large population will be difficult, as well as performing necessary zoning to prevent future expansion of the facility in place. These analyzes are a prelude to applying corrective techniques to pipelines to reduce their vulnerability and prevent newly created pipelines from locating in vulnerable areas. Since the results of this study are risk maps along the route of the water supply lines, so in order to prepare a risk control program, we can identify the high risk pipeline map and identify the pipeline vulnerability. And, depending on its location, provided an appropriate prevention and control plan for the conditions surrounding the pipeline environment.</div> مخاطره , زمین لرزه , شهر تهران , آسیب پذیری , شبکه آبرسانی, ریسک Hazard, Earthquake, Tehran City, Vulnerability, Water supply network, Risk 59 76 http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-102-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 masoomeh hashemi معصومه هاشمی masoomehhashemi66@gmail.com 100319475328460011598 100319475328460011598 No Ph.D Student of Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Ezatallah ghanavati عزت الله قنواتی ghanavati@khu.ac.ir 100319475328460011599 100319475328460011599 Yes Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran ali ahmadabadi علی احمد آبادی احمد آبادی ahmadabadi@khu.ac.ir 100319475328460011600 100319475328460011600 No Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran oveis torabi اویس ترابی oveistorabi@gmail.com 100319475328460011601 100319475328460011601 No PhD in Water Management, Mahsab Sharq Consulting Engineers, Tehran, Iran. شرکت مهندسین مشاور مهساب شرق abdollah mozafari عبدالله مظفری abmozafari@gmail.com 100319475328460011602 100319475328460011602 No MA of Civil Engineering, Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company, Tehran, Iran. شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان تهران