fa ارزیابی آسیب پذیری اکوسیستم تالاب میانگران تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">تحلیل آسیب&shy;پذیری اکوسیستم&shy;ها در برابر عوامل مختلف طبیعی و</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">&nbsp;انسانی اطلاعاتی از نقاط ضعف و ظرفیت آنها در اختیار می&shy;گذارد که برای مدیریت صحیح آنها الزامی هستند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی آسیب&shy;پذیری اکوسیستم تالاب میانگران و ارائه راهکارها و راهبردهای مدیریتی در جهت حفاظت از این اکوسیستم است. داده&shy;ها و اطلاعات مورد تحلیل از سازمان محیط&shy;زیست و مصاحبه</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">با</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">کارشناسان،</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">اساتید</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">در</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">رشته&shy;های</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">مربوطه،</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">مطالعات</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">کتابخانه&shy;ای</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">و</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">مرور</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">مقالات</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">داخلی</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">و</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">خارجی</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">به دست آمده&shy;اند. برای انجام این پژوهش نخست با استفاده از منابع اطلاعاتی سازمان محیط&shy;زیست و منابع طبیعی، مصاحبه&shy;های صورت گرفته و مرور مقالات عوامل</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">تهدیدکننده تالاب</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">میانگران شناسایی شده و در قالب هفت شاخص (تولید آلودگی، تغییر رژیم هیدرولوژیکی، تغییر رژیم اکولوژیکی، تغییر کاربری، قوانین و ضعف زیرساخت&shy;ها، آتش&shy;سوزی عمدی مراتع اطراف تالاب و خشکسالی) قرار داده شدند. سپس امتیاز عوامل تهدیدکننده براساس دو شاخص، شدت تهدید و احتمال وقوع تهدید هر شاخص تعیین گردید. آنگاه،</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">به این عوامل با استفاده از ماتریس&shy;های ارزیابی امتیاز داده شد.</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">سپس تعامل</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">میان</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">ارزش&shy;ها</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">عوامل</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">تهدید</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">کننده</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">مورد بررسی</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">قرار گرفت و میزان آسیب&shy;پذیری</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">ارزش&shy;های</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">تالاب نیز از</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">ضرب</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">امتیازهای</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">کسب شده</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">تمامی عوامل</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">مورد</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">بررسی</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">به دست آمد. نتایج <span style="background:yellow"><span style="color:black">تحقیق نشان داد که </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">بیشترین آسیب&shy;پذیری بر ارزش&shy;های هیدرولوژی و اکولوژیکی تالاب وارد شده </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">و از ارزش&shy;های</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> اکولوژیکی پرندگان تالاب بیشترین اسیب را متحمل شده&shy;اند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">در مجموع براساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه می&shy;توان اذعان نمود که تالاب میانگران با وجود دارا بودن ارزش&shy;های فراوان اکولوژیکی، هیدرولوژیکی و &nbsp;اجتماعی و اقتصادی در معرض عوامل تهدید زیادی قرار دارد، که ارزیابی</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">آسیب&shy;پذیری</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">می&shy;تواند</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">درک</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">درستی از </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">روابط</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">میان</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">عملکردهای تالاب</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">و عوامل تهدید کننده آن را به نمایش بگذارد و این اقدام گام موثری برای مدیریت اکوسیستم تالاب میانگران است. همچنین با توجه به اینکه بیشترین آسیب در حوضه ارز&shy;ش&shy;های اکولوژیکی و هیدرولوژیکی می&shy;باشد. پس راهکارهای مدیریتی ارائه شد در این دو حوضه باید بیشتر مد نظر مدیران و کارشناسان قرار گیرد.</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <pre> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Vulnerability assessment of Miangaran wetland ecosystem</span></span></span></b></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="AR-SA"></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">To support the proper management of ecosystems, vulnerability analysis of ecosystems is very important. Vulnerability analysis of ecosystems provides information about weaknesses and capacity of the studied ecosystem for recovery after damage. Considering the degradation status of Miangaran wetland, vulnerability evaluation of this wetland is one of the most important management methods in the region. For this purpose, in this study, after identifying and evaluating the threatening factors of Miangaran wetland, these factors were scored using evaluation matrices. Then, the interaction between these values ​​and threatening factors was examined and the vulnerability of wetland values ​​was obtained by multiplying the scores of all studied factors. Finally, management solutions were presented to deal with the most important threatening factors. According to the results, the most vulnerability is to the hydrological and ecological values ​​of the wetland. The highest effects of threats on the ecological value are also on the birds of Miangaran wetland. The results of the evaluation of Miangaran Wetland show that this wetland has a high potential for ecosystem functions of the wetland. These functions have been neglected in the planning and managing of wetlands at the local, regional and national levels. As a result, ecosystem-based management is suggested as the best management approach. The management in these areas should take action to prevent the vulnerability of Miangaran wetland. Also, the vulnerability evaluation method used in this study can provide a good understanding of the relationship between wetland functions and the resulting services for the management of the ecosystem of Miangaran Wetland.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Key words: Miangaran wetland, ecosystem management, vulnerability assessment</span></span></span></span> </pre> تالاب میانگران, مدیریت اکوسیستم, ارزیابی آسیب پذیری Miangaran wetland, ecosystem management, vulnerability assessment 41 56 http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-417-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hossein Kianpour حسین کیانپور Hoseinkianpoor@gmail.com 100319475328460010639 100319475328460010639 No Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. Soolmaz Dashti سولماز دشتی solmazdashti@gmail.com 100319475328460010640 100319475328460010640 Yes Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران Roshana Behbash روشنا بهباش rbehbash@yahoo.com 100319475328460010641 100319475328460010641 No Assistant professor at Department of environment, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran استادیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران