Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards

fa سنجش میزان آسیب‌پذیری سکونتگاه‌‌های غیررسمی در برابر خطر وقوع زمین‌لرزه با استفاده ازGIS مورد پژوهش: محله زیر نهر‌تراب شهر پارس‌آباد Measuring the Vulnerability of Informal Settlements during the Earthquake with the use of GIS. Case Study: The Zire Nahre Torab Neighborhood, City of Parsabad تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research  اغلب شهرهای کشورهای در حال توسعه با مسئله سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی مواجهند. شکل‌گیری و رشد این سکونتگاه‌ها  به دلایلی از جمله ساخت‌ و سازهای شتابان و خارج از عرف ساختمانی، از مسائل تهدید کننده برای اجتماعات ساکن در آنها محسوب می‌شود. از آنجایی که خطر زمین‌لرزه در اغلب مناطق ایران، سکونتگاه‌های شهری و از جمله سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی را تهدید می‌کند، بررسی، سنجش و تحلیل میزان آسیب‌پذیری این سکونتگاه‌ها در مقابل خطر وقوع زمین‌لرزه‌های احتمالی برای بکارگیری اصول مدیریت بحران در مقیاس محله‌ای ضروری است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارزیابی میزان آسیب‌پذیری محله زیر نهر تراب پارس‌آباد  در برابر خطر وقوع زمین‌لرزه احتمالی است. این پژوهش از نوع اسنادی و میدانی است. بعد از مطالعات اسنادی و تدوین مبانی نظری، داده‌های خام به ‌صورت میدانی و از نهادهای متولی گردآوری شده‌اند. سپس برای تعیین وزن معیارها، از روش فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) استفاده شده است. در ادامه از مدل‌های همپوشانی در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (<st1:stockticker w:st="on"><st1:stockticker w:st="on">GIS</st1:stockticker>)</st1:stockticker> از جمله شاخص همپوشانی وزین (WOI) برای تلفیق زیرمعیارها و تعیین میزان آسیب‌پذیری ساختمان‌ها، استفاده شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می دهند که؛ در هنگام وقوع زلزله احتمالی، میزان آسیب‌پذیری حدود 80 درصد از واحدهای ساختمانی محله زیر نهر تراب، زیاد و بسیار زیاد است. از این‌رو،، برای پیشگیری از وقوع بحران، پیشنهاداتی بر مبنای مؤلفه‌های پژوهش ارائه شده‌اند.  Most of the large cities in developing countries have faced with the problem of informal settlements. The formation and growth of these settlements for reasons such as rapid and outside the customs building construction are the threatening issue for their communities. Informal settlements are areas that often shaped and expanded in major and middle cities of the Iran’s cities including the city of Parsabad. During the last decades, the rapid growth of urbanization and the lack of appropriate planning for low-income families housing leads to the formation of the urban informal settlements in most cities of the Iran. In most cases, these settlements have a structural and demographic dense texture. The structural texture of these settlements is often fine aggregate, impermeable, and unstable. In times of crisis, the possibilities of human and material losses to them are high. Environmental hazards such as earthquakes are a serious threat to these settlements. However, these hazards in most developing countries, due to the unavailability and lack of preventive actions, end to the crisis. We cannot prevent earthquakes. But we can reduce the losses and damages caused by the earthquakes. Remove of the disaster is impossible, but it is possible to reduce the damage caused by the disaster. One of the most important ways to reduce the risk of earthquakes is preparation to deal with earthquakes. Preparation means having previous programs and plans.      Iran is one of the countries where earthquakes always happen. Because Iran located in the world's earthquake belt, each year on average about 1,000 earthquakes happening in Iran. Ardebil and Pars-Abad city, located in an area that the possibility of earthquakes shakings in these areas, is more. The Zire Nahre Torab Neighborhood is one of the Parsabad city’s informal settlements that located in the northwest of the city. Regarding the possibility of an earthquake in the city of Pars Abad, identification and assessment the vulnerability of the neighborhood during an earthquake, is essential. Therefore, identifying and assessing the vulnerability, especially in the poor neighborhoods to offer strategies for dealing with the injuries, is essential. The aim of this study is assessing vulnerability of the informal settlements during an earthquake by using spatial data and <st1:stockticker w:st="on">GIS</st1:stockticker>. This study, have been prepared in fifth main parts including: introduction and background, methodology and presentation of case study, theoretical framework, analysis and conclusions.   This research in terms of the nature is practical and is descriptive and in terms of the method is analytical. Three methods including library, documentary and survey have been used for data collection. In the first phase, data and base maps were extracted from documents and reports of projects such as city comprehensive and detailed plans. Also, in this phase of the study data were updated. In the second phase, the problem, questions and research objectives were defined. In the third phase, the 3 criteria and 12 sub-criteria based on research literature and according to available data were selected. In the fourth phase, after preparation of databases related to each of the criteria in <st1:stockticker w:st="on">GIS</st1:stockticker>, input layers were prepared for each of them. In the fifth step, the method of network analysis process (ANP) was used to determine the significance of criteria. In the sixth phase, the weighted overlay index (WOI) was used for combining output layers. The results of this study show that more than 80% of neighborhood buildings are vulnerable against the risk of a possible earthquake. Also, research findings suggest that physical characteristics such as building structure, quality and age of the buildings will have the greatest role in determining the neighborhood buildings vulnerability level. Doing activities such as resisting buildings, improving roads, locating facilities in appropriate places, training and informing citizens to prevent a crisis caused by the possible earthquakes, is essential. Other recommendations are listed in below: <ol> <li>Identifying vulnerable buildings</li> <li>The use of <st1:stockticker w:st="on">GIS</st1:stockticker> in the management of settlements</li> <li>Preparations cities, to deal with urban hazards</li> <li>Empowering citizens to deal with environmental hazards</li> <li>Action to reduce earthquake risk</li> <li>Civil engineering Renovation of buildings</li> <li>New practices in the urban construction</li> <li>Equip cities with facilities and relief supplies.</li> <li>The use of specialists in urban planning.</li> <li>Conducting workshops on urban resilience.</li> </ol> آسیب‌پذیری, زمین‌لرزه, مدیریت بحران, سکونتگاه غیررسمی, محله زیر نهر تراب, پارس‌آباد, GIS. Vulnerability, Earthquake, Crisis Management, Informal Settlements, Zire Nahre Torab Neighborhood, Pars-Abad City, GIS. 41 64 http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-53&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Alireza Mohammadi علیرضا محمدی a.mohammadi@uma.ac.ir 10031947532846001513 10031947532846001513 Yes Bahman Javid Moghvan بهمن جاوید مغوان 10031947532846001514 10031947532846001514 No