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Evaluation of Green Infrastructure Benefits Using I-Tree Canopy Software (Case Study: El-Goli Park, Tabriz)
Engineer Sama Abdollahi Milani, Engineer Sama Rahmani, Doctor Javad Imani Shamloo,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (7-2026)
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the ecological, environmental, and economic services provided by urban vegetation within the El-Goli green network in Tabriz. Specifically, it focuses on assessing the role of green infrastructure in mitigating urban environmental challenges through carbon sequestration, air pollution reduction, and surface runoff management. The research seeks to provide insights that support informed urban planning and the sustainable expansion of green spaces.
Methods: This study is a quantitative research that employed library-based methods (literature review, definitions of urban green infrastructure, and expert opinions) and field observations, combined with statistical analysis using i-Tree software for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, and the results are presented in tables.
Evaluation Parameters: The ecosystem services assessed in this study include carbon sequestration and storage, air pollution reduction, and stormwater management.Assessment Parameters: Key ecosystem services evaluated include carbon capture and storage, air pollution reduction, and surface runoff management.
Results: The El-Goli green network in Tabriz sequesters approximately 75.84 tons of carbon annually.
The green network removes about 2,077 tons of air pollutants per year.
Among the pollutants analyzed, ozone was the most effectively removed, while carbon monoxide showed the lowest removal rate.
The findings underscore the significant role of the El-Goli green network in improving urban air quality and contributing to climate change mitigation.
Conclusions:
This study used i-Tree Canopy 7.1 to assess the ecosystem services of El-Goli Park in Tabriz from ecological and economic perspectives. The vegetation area was measured, and trees and shrubs were counted to estimate carbon storage, air pollutant removal, and surface runoff mitigation. Results showed that the park annually sequesters 75.84 tons of carbon, removes 2,077 kg of air pollutants, and mitigates 1.92 liters of surface runoff. Considering the software’s limitations, it is recommended that ecosystem productivity in the park and other urban green spaces be enhanced through the protection of valuable trees, increasing effective plant species, developing dense vegetation cover, and implementing bioretention networks.

The role of indigenous and expert knowledge in land governance: a comparison of customary system and compartment boundaries considering ecological factors in the Hyrcanian forests
Dr. Malihe Erfani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (7-2026)
Abstract
Objective: Livestock grazing in the Hyrcanian forests is one of the oldest forms of traditional land use, practiced within locally defined areas known as customary systems. In contrast, formal forest utilization is conducted through management plans divided into compartments. This study aimed to examine the role of ecological factors in shaping the boundaries defined by local communities (customary systems) and by experts (compartments) in parts of the Nowshahr forests, including the Namkhaneh and Garazbon series.
Methods: The ecological factors analyzed included vegetation type, main and sub-rivers, ridge, ravine, hillsides, and aspect. Boundary maps of customary system and compartment were compared with ecological boundary maps in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Since roads play a determining role in compartment boundaries, their influence was also examined.
Results: Results showed that 90.02% of customary system boundaries aligned with ecological factors, while only 4.5 km did not. Moreover, 81.29 km and 85.2 km of compartment boundaries (equivalent to 90.22% and 94.56%) were determined by ecological factors, respectively, and by the combined effect of ecological factors and roads. In total, 8.81 km of compartment boundaries were not consistent with ecological factors, which decreased to 4.9 km when road influence was considered. Among ecological variables, vegetation type and aspect had the greatest effect on boundary formation. All major rivers contributed to defining boundaries, representing 17% of customary system boundaries and 9% of compartment boundaries. Less than one kilometer of roads did not coincide with compartment boundaries, while about 32% of compartment boundaries overlapped with roads.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that traditional knowledge used in defining customary system is rooted in a deep understanding of structural factors of ecology, whereas expert-designed compartment boundaries also incorporate management and accessibility considerations alongside ecological ones.
 
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