Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023, 10(3): 31-52 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Darouei P, zeaiean P, Azizpour F, Riahi V. Spatial zoning of wheat and barley cultivation in agricultural lands exposed to water scarcity
Case study: Lenjanat region in Isfahan province. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (3) :31-52
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3415-en.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3415-en.html
1- Ph.D. in Geography and Rural Planning and Assistant Professor of jahade daneshgahi, Isfahan Branch, Isfahan, Iran. , parastoodarouei@gmail.com
2- Associate Professor, Department of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3- Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Associate Professor, Department of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3- Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (2657 Views)
Introduction
Agricultural activities, as a foundation of growth and development and part of the rural development process, guarantee the economic life of many villages in the country. However, in recent years, other products' water scarcity and resource limitations have affected these activities. This issue has severely challenged the sustainability and life of rural settlements.
In this regard, organizing and developing an optimal cropping pattern is necessary to achieve the goals of sustainable agricultural and rural development in Iran. To achieve this goal, the cultivation of crops must be commensurate with the capabilities of production resources, especially water resources.
Therefore, determining the appropriate spatial distribution of agricultural lands for the cultivation of various crops is one of the primary foundations for implementing optimal cropping pattern. Accordingly, the present study seeks to identify suitable spatial zoning for wheat and barley cultivation as the main crops in agricultural lands in traditional Lenjanat regions, which are exposed to a growing water crisis.
Data and Methodology
According to the main purpose of the research, the data obtained from spatial distribution maps of current cropping patterns and spatial distribution of suitable lands for crop cultivation.
This study prepared the suitability maps of the major agricultural products at a distance of 10 km on both sides of Zayandeh Rud River in Lenjanat region using multi-criteria decision-making methods.
Thus, the agronomic-ecological needs of the two major crops in the area (wheat and barley) were determined, and a standard map for each crop was classified using ArcGIS software. Then, the digital layers were combined by allocating the weight obtained from the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the Simple Additive Weighting method. Finally, talent assessment and land zoning was performed in four categories from unsuitable to very suitable for cultivating wheat and barley crops. Using the analytical hierarchy process method and experts' opinions led to high accuracy results.
Results and Discussion
The results of the land suitability map showed that 90.6% of the agricultural lands in the study area are very suitable and relatively suitable for the cultivation of the wheat crop. The northern and eastern regions, located in Falavarjan county and the north part of Mobarakeh county, are the most suitable areas for wheat cultivation. As we move from the north and east to the west of the study area, the capability areas for wheat cultivation decrease. Limiting factors in these areas are unsuitable soil texture, low temperature, shallow soil, high slope, low rainfall and drainage.
As for barley cultivation, a large part of the area, equal to 30635.3 hectares (more than 91%), is very suitable and relatively suitable. In these areas, in the northern and eastern parts of Lenjanat, unsuitable soil texture, shallow soil, high slope and low drainage are the most critical limiting factors for barley cultivation.
A comparison of "spatial distribution of land suitability" with "spatial distribution of cropping pattern" shows that the crops in this study (wheat and barley) have been cultivated in a suitable area in terms of the ecological potential of lands.
Conclusion
The results of this evaluation can be used in the spatial distribution of the optimal cropping pattern to select a suitable cultivation site for these two crops and other existing and alternative crops.
Wheat and barley are the major crops usually used in planning optimal cropping patterns, regardless of the economic issues. Considering suitable spatial distribution for wheat and barley, they should be distributed in such a way with the slightest difference compared to the current cropping pattern. On the other hand, a large area of the Lenjanat region is suitable for cultivating wheat and barley. In addition, an agricultural unit may have different capacities for other crops, so it is necessary to pay attention to the ecological potential of other crops. Wheat and barley should be cultivated in lands which are unsuitable or semi-suitable for other crops.
Accordingly, it is necessary to provide spatial zoning of existing and alternative crops in the Lenjanat area with fewer water requirements and higher economic benefits to be introduced in the optimal cropping pattern.
In this study, only agronomic-ecological criteria and needs with available data were examined due to data limitations in assessing crop suitability. Therefore, completing land suitability maps by considering more evaluation criteria such as evapotranspiration and the amount of water available is recommended.
Also, to have a "spatial distribution of the optimal cropping pattern", paying attention to the ecological potential of the lands, also considering other criteria and priorities such as natural, socio-cultural, economic and political criteria is necessary. So, we can develop a cropping pattern that provides a basis for desirable space dynamics.
Agricultural activities, as a foundation of growth and development and part of the rural development process, guarantee the economic life of many villages in the country. However, in recent years, other products' water scarcity and resource limitations have affected these activities. This issue has severely challenged the sustainability and life of rural settlements.
In this regard, organizing and developing an optimal cropping pattern is necessary to achieve the goals of sustainable agricultural and rural development in Iran. To achieve this goal, the cultivation of crops must be commensurate with the capabilities of production resources, especially water resources.
Therefore, determining the appropriate spatial distribution of agricultural lands for the cultivation of various crops is one of the primary foundations for implementing optimal cropping pattern. Accordingly, the present study seeks to identify suitable spatial zoning for wheat and barley cultivation as the main crops in agricultural lands in traditional Lenjanat regions, which are exposed to a growing water crisis.
Data and Methodology
According to the main purpose of the research, the data obtained from spatial distribution maps of current cropping patterns and spatial distribution of suitable lands for crop cultivation.
This study prepared the suitability maps of the major agricultural products at a distance of 10 km on both sides of Zayandeh Rud River in Lenjanat region using multi-criteria decision-making methods.
Thus, the agronomic-ecological needs of the two major crops in the area (wheat and barley) were determined, and a standard map for each crop was classified using ArcGIS software. Then, the digital layers were combined by allocating the weight obtained from the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the Simple Additive Weighting method. Finally, talent assessment and land zoning was performed in four categories from unsuitable to very suitable for cultivating wheat and barley crops. Using the analytical hierarchy process method and experts' opinions led to high accuracy results.
Results and Discussion
The results of the land suitability map showed that 90.6% of the agricultural lands in the study area are very suitable and relatively suitable for the cultivation of the wheat crop. The northern and eastern regions, located in Falavarjan county and the north part of Mobarakeh county, are the most suitable areas for wheat cultivation. As we move from the north and east to the west of the study area, the capability areas for wheat cultivation decrease. Limiting factors in these areas are unsuitable soil texture, low temperature, shallow soil, high slope, low rainfall and drainage.
As for barley cultivation, a large part of the area, equal to 30635.3 hectares (more than 91%), is very suitable and relatively suitable. In these areas, in the northern and eastern parts of Lenjanat, unsuitable soil texture, shallow soil, high slope and low drainage are the most critical limiting factors for barley cultivation.
A comparison of "spatial distribution of land suitability" with "spatial distribution of cropping pattern" shows that the crops in this study (wheat and barley) have been cultivated in a suitable area in terms of the ecological potential of lands.
Conclusion
The results of this evaluation can be used in the spatial distribution of the optimal cropping pattern to select a suitable cultivation site for these two crops and other existing and alternative crops.
Wheat and barley are the major crops usually used in planning optimal cropping patterns, regardless of the economic issues. Considering suitable spatial distribution for wheat and barley, they should be distributed in such a way with the slightest difference compared to the current cropping pattern. On the other hand, a large area of the Lenjanat region is suitable for cultivating wheat and barley. In addition, an agricultural unit may have different capacities for other crops, so it is necessary to pay attention to the ecological potential of other crops. Wheat and barley should be cultivated in lands which are unsuitable or semi-suitable for other crops.
Accordingly, it is necessary to provide spatial zoning of existing and alternative crops in the Lenjanat area with fewer water requirements and higher economic benefits to be introduced in the optimal cropping pattern.
In this study, only agronomic-ecological criteria and needs with available data were examined due to data limitations in assessing crop suitability. Therefore, completing land suitability maps by considering more evaluation criteria such as evapotranspiration and the amount of water available is recommended.
Also, to have a "spatial distribution of the optimal cropping pattern", paying attention to the ecological potential of the lands, also considering other criteria and priorities such as natural, socio-cultural, economic and political criteria is necessary. So, we can develop a cropping pattern that provides a basis for desirable space dynamics.
Keywords: Spatial Zoning, Optimal Cropping Pattern, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, Simple Additive Weighting, Lenjanat.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/12/27 | Accepted: 2023/09/23 | Published: 2023/09/23
Received: 2023/12/27 | Accepted: 2023/09/23 | Published: 2023/09/23
References
1. اداره کل آمار و اطلاعات. 1379. سامانه مدیریت اطلاعات جغرافیایی کشاورزی استان همدان، انتشارت وزارت کشاورزی، معاونت برنامه ریزی و بودجه، اداره کل آمار و اطلاعات، تهران.
2. امامی حیدری، حامد؛ هادی جعفری و غلام حسین کرمی. 1393. نقش مدیریت کشاورزی در تداوم جریان زاینده رود. پژوهشهای آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی)، 28(6) :1095-1106.
3. امینی فسخودی، عباس و مهرنوش میرزایی. 1392. پیامدهای بحران کمآبی و خشک شدن زایندهرود در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: جلگه براآن در شرق اصفهان). توسعه محلی، 5(2): 157-180.
4. پاکپور ربطی، احمد؛ علی اصغر جعفرزاده؛ فرزین شهبازی و پرویز عماری. 1392. ارزیابی اراضی مستعد برای تعدادی از محصولات کشاورزی با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در مناطقی از استان آذربایجان غربی. دانش آب و خاک (دانش کشاورزی)، 23(1): 165-17.
5. پورطاهری، مهدی؛ عبدالرضا رکن الدین افتخاری و علی اصغر سوادی مالیدره. 1393. پیامدهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی تغییر الگوی کشت و نقش آن در توسعه ی روستایی مطالعه موردی: تغییر الگوی کشت برنج به مرکبات در دهستان بالاتجن استان مازندران. جغرافیا و توسعه، 12(35): 217- 232.
6. دارویی، پرستو. 1398. تحلیل فضایی الگوی کشت نواحی روستایی لنجانات، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران.
7. دفتر کل آمار و فن آوری اطلاعات. 1381. سامانه مدیریت اطلاعات جغرافیایی کشاورزی استان قم، انتشارت وزارت کشاورزی، معاونت برنامه ریزی و بودجه، دفتر کل آمار و فن آوری اطلاعات، تهران.
8. ریاحی، وحید؛ پرویز ضیائیان فیروزآبادی، فرهاد عزیزپور و پرستو دارویی. 1398. تعیین و بررسی سطح زیرکشت محصولات زراعی در ناحیه لنجانات با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای. تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، 19(52): 147-169.
9. ریاحی، وحید؛ پرویز ضیائیان فیروزآبادی، فرهاد عزیزپور و پرستو دارویی. 1398. عوامل موثر بر ناپایداری الگوی کشت در ناحیه لنجانات. اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی، 8(4): 139-168.
10. طاهرخانی، مهدی و داریوش رحمانی. 1385. تحلیلی بر تخصصی شدن الگوی کشت و نقش آن در توسعه روستایی نمونه موردی: کشت توت فرنگی در منطقه ژاورود مریوان. برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا، 10(1): 81-102.
11. علیان، علی. 1377. آشنایی با منطقه لنجانات، انتشارات نقش خورشید، اصفهان.
12. علیجانی، بهلول و رضا دوستان. 1385. تعیین نواحی مستعد کشت زرشک در استان خراسان جنوبی با استفاده از GIS. جغرافیا و توسعه ناحیه ای، 8: 13-33.
13. فرج زاده اصل، منوچهر و عباس تکلوبیغش. 1380. ناحیه بندی اگروکلیمایی استان همدان با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی با تأکید بر گندم دیم.، پژوهش های جغرافیایی، 41: 93-106.
14. قدسی پور، حسن. 1384. فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP). چاپ چهارم. انتشارات دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران.
15. کاظمی، حسین. 1392. پهنه بندی زراعی بوم شناختی اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان گرگان جهت کشت جولخت بر اساس منطق بولین. تولیدات گیاهان زراعی، 6(4): 165-185.
16. کاظمی، حسین. 1393. پهنهبندی بومشناختی اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان گرگان جهت کشت آفتابگردان. پژوهشهای تولید گیاهی، 21(1): 25-47.
17. کاظمی، حسین؛ زین العابدین طهماسبی سروستانی؛ بهنام کامکار؛ شعبان شتایی و سهراب صادقی، سهراب. 1395. تدوین الگوی کشت بهینه برای استان گلستان با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی، پژوهش های آبخیزداری، 110: 88-106.
18. گیوی، جواد. 1376. ارزیابی کیفی تناسب اراضی برای نباتات زراعی و باغی، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشریه فنی شماره 1015.
19. گیوی، جواد. 1377. ارزیابی، کیفی، کمی و اقتصادی تناسب و تعیین پتانسیل تولید اراضی برای محصولات منطقه فلاورجان اصفهان، مؤسسه پژوهش های برنامه ریزی و اقتصاد کشاورزی وزارت جهاد کشاورزی.
20. محمدیان، فرشاد؛ ناصر شاه نوشی فروشانی؛ محمد قربانی و حسن عاقل. 1389. تدوین الگوی زراعی پایدار در دشت فریمان تربت جام. اقتصاد کشاورزی (اقتصاد و کشاورزی)، 4(2): 1-41.
21. مرکز آمار ایران. 1395. جمعیت برحسب جنس، سن و وضعیت سکونت برحسب تفکیک استان و شهرستان براساس نتایج سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن 1395. https://www.amar.org.ir
22. مرکز آمار ایران. 1395. تعداد بهره برداری و مساحت زمین بهره برداری های با زمین برحسب نوع کشت و شهرستان: آبان 1393، سالنامه آماری استان اصفهان 1395. https://salnameh.sci.org.ir
23. مالچفسکی، یاچک. 1395. سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تحلیل تصمیم چندمعیاری، اکبر پرهیزکار و عطا غفاری گیلانده. چاپ چهارم. انتشارات سمت، تهران.
24. مطیعی لنگرودی، حسن. 1384. جایگاه کشاورزی در روستاهای دره ای غرب شهرستان مشهد، تنگناها و راهکارها. جغرافیا و توسعه، 3(5): 5-24.
25. نصرالهی، نیلوفر؛ حسین کاظمی؛ بهنام کامکار و سهراب صادقی. 1395. ارزیابی زراعی بوم شناختی اراضی شهرستان آق قلا (استان گلستان) جهت کشت گندم دیم با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی. نشریه زراعت، 110: 83-94.
26. نویدی، میرناصر؛ جواد سیدمحمدی؛ سیدرضا سیدجلالی؛ علی زین الدینی؛ اصغر فرج نیا؛ غلامرضا زارعیان؛ نورایر تومانیان؛ شاهرخ فاتحی؛ مهناز اسکندری و بهاره دلسوز. 1401. ارزیابی تناسب اراضی برای کشت گندم در دشتهای آبی ایران. پژوهش های خاک، 36(2): 127-145.
27. وفا، پروانه؛ مهرشاد براری؛ یاسر علی زاده و مرزبان فرامرزی. 1397. پهنه بندی بوم شناختی زراعی گندم آبی با استفاده از سامانه های اطلاعات جغرافیایی و مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی در استان ایلام. کشاورزی بوم شناختی، 8(1): 61-74.
28. یوسفی فاتح، مهرداد؛ حسین آقامحمدی زنجیرآباد و سعید بهزادی. 1395. مدل سازی مکان مند الگوی بهینه کشت با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و سیستم های اطلاعات مکانی: مورد دشت اسدآباد. مهندسی نقشه برداری و اطلاعات مکانی،7(2): 13-24.
29. Bhagat, R.M.; S. Singh; C. Sood; R.S. Rana; V. Kalia; S. Pradash; W. Immerzeel, and B. Shrestha. 2009. Land suitability analysis for cereal production in Himachal Pradash (India) using Geographical Information System. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 37(2): 233-240.
30. Ceballos-Silva, A., and J. Lopez-Blanco. 2003. Delineation of suitable areas for crops using a Multi-Criteria Evaluation approach and land use/cover mapping: a case study in Central Mexico. Agricultural Systems, 77(2): 117-136.
31. Chen, H.S.; G. S Liu; Y.F Yang; X.F. Ye, and S.H.I. Zhou. 2010. Comprehensive evalution of tobacco ecological suitability of Henan province based on GIS. Agriculture science in chine. 9(4): 583-592.
32. Ghafari A.; H.F. Cook, and H.C. Lee. 2000. Integrating climate, soil and crop information: a land suitability study using GIS. In Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Integration GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September (pp. 2-8).
33. Hao, L.; X. Su; V.P.Singh, and O.O. Ayantobo. 2017. Spatial Optimization of Agricultural Land Use Based on Cross-Entropy Method. Entropy, 19(11): 592.
34. Khan, M. R.; C.A. De Bie; H. Van Keulen; E.M.A. Smaling, and R. Real. 2010. Disaggregating and mapping crop statistic using hypertemporal remote sensing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12(1): 36-46.
35. Martin, D., and S. K. Saha. 2009. Land evaluation by integrating remote sensing and GIS for cropping system analysis in a watershed. Current Science, 96(4):569-575.
36. Samanta, S.; B. Pal, and D.K. Pal. 2011. Land suitability analysis for rice cultivation based on multi-criteria decision approach through GIS. International Journal of Science and Emerging Technologies, 2(1): 12-20.
37. Sharifi, M.A., and M.V. Herwijnen .2002. Spatial Decision Support Systems, Lecture Series, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC).
38. Sys, C.; E. Van Ranst, J. Debaveye, and F. Beernaert. 1991. Land evaluation. Part I: Principles in land evaluation and crop production calculations. Agricultural Publications n° 7, General Administration for Development Cooperation (GADC), Brussels, Belgium.
39. Sys C., E. Van Ranst, J. Debaveye, and F. Beernaert. 1991. Land evaluation, Part II: Method in Land evaluation. Agricultural Publications n° 7, Administration for Development Cooperation (GADC), Brussels, Belgium.
40. Sys C., E. Van Ranst, and J. Debaveye and F. Beernaert. 1993. Land evaluation, Part: III, Crop Requirement. Agricultural Publications n° 7, Administration for Development Cooperation (GADC), Brussels, Belgium, 191 p.
41. Wang, D.C.; C.J. Li; X.Y. Song; J.H. Wang; X.D. Yang; W.J. Huang; J.Y.Wang, and J.H. Zhou. 2011. Assessment of land suitability potentials for selecting winter wheat cultivation areas in Beijing, China, using RS and GIS. Agricultural Sciences in China, 10(9): 1419-1330.
42. Bhagat, R.M.; S. Singh; C. Sood; R.S. Rana; V. Kalia; S. Pradash; W. Immerzeel, and B. Shrestha. 2009. Land suitability analysis for cereal production in Himachal Pradash (India) using Geographical Information System. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 37(2): 233-240.
43. Ceballos-Silva, A., and J. Lopez-Blanco. 2003. Delineation of suitable areas for crops using a Multi-Criteria Evaluation approach and land use/cover mapping: a case study in Central Mexico. Agricultural Systems, 77(2): 117-136.
44. Chen, H.S.; G. S Liu; Y.F Yang; X.F. Ye, and S.H.I. Zhou. 2010. Comprehensive evalution of tobacco ecological suitability of Henan province based on GIS. Agriculture science in chine. 9(4): 583-592.
45. Ghafari A.; H.F. Cook, and H.C. Lee. 2000. Integrating climate, soil and crop information: a land suitability study using GIS. In Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Integration GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September (pp. 2-8).
46. Hao, L.; X. Su; V.P.Singh, and O.O. Ayantobo. 2017. Spatial Optimization of Agricultural Land Use Based on Cross-Entropy Method. Entropy, 19(11): 592.
47. Khan, M. R.; C.A. De Bie; H. Van Keulen; E.M.A. Smaling, and R. Real. 2010. Disaggregating and mapping crop statistic using hypertemporal remote sensing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12(1): 36-46.
48. Martin, D., and S. K. Saha. 2009. Land evaluation by integrating remote sensing and GIS for cropping system analysis in a watershed. Current Science, 96(4):569-575.
49. Samanta, S.; B. Pal, and D.K. Pal. 2011. Land suitability analysis for rice cultivation based on multi-criteria decision approach through GIS. International Journal of Science and Emerging Technologies, 2(1): 12-20.
50. Sharifi, M.A., and M.V. Herwijnen .2002. Spatial Decision Support Systems, Lecture Series, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC).
51. Sys, C.; E. Van Ranst, J. Debaveye, and F. Beernaert. 1991. Land evaluation. Part I: Principles in land evaluation and crop production calculations. Agricultural Publications n° 7, General Administration for Development Cooperation (GADC), Brussels, Belgium.
52. Sys C., E. Van Ranst, J. Debaveye, and F. Beernaert. 1991. Land evaluation, Part II: Method in Land evaluation. Agricultural Publications n° 7, Administration for Development Cooperation (GADC), Brussels, Belgium.
53. Sys C., E. Van Ranst, and J. Debaveye and F. Beernaert. 1993. Land evaluation, Part: III, Crop Requirement. Agricultural Publications n° 7, Administration for Development Cooperation (GADC), Brussels, Belgium, 191 p.
54. Wang, D.C.; C.J. Li; X.Y. Song; J.H. Wang; X.D. Yang; W.J. Huang; J.Y.Wang, and J.H. Zhou. 2011. Assessment of land suitability potentials for selecting winter wheat cultivation areas in Beijing, China, using RS and GIS. Agricultural Sciences in China, 10(9): 1419-1330.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
