Volume 10, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023, 10(1): 193-212 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Firoozi A, Bemani A, Erfani M. Revealing the relationship between spatial and temporal changes of cold and thermal islands with the gradient of land use/land cover changes in the Yazd-Ardakan Plain. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (1) :193-212
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3369-en.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3369-en.html
1- Ardakan University
2- Ardakan University ,a.bemani@ardakan.ac.ir
3- university of zobol
2- Ardakan University ,
3- university of zobol
Abstract: (2965 Views)
Introduction:
The growth rate of urbanization during the recent decades of metropolises has had many destructive effects on the urban environment, among which we can mention the change of temperature of surfaces and local climates. The increase in the urban population, the rapid growth of industrialization and the increase in the concentration of pollutants in the lowest level of the atmosphere have affected the severity of the city's heat islands. Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable to control the relationship between radiant, latent and sensible heat flux. Analyzing and understanding the dynamics of LST and identifying the relationship between it and changes of human origin is necessary for modeling and predicting environmental changes. The heat of urban surfaces is affected by various characteristics of urban surfaces such as color, surface roughness, humidity level, possibility of chemical compounds, etc. In addition, the changes between LST in a city and its surrounding area are due to surface changes, heat capacity and topography. Since the surface temperature regulates the temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere, it can be considered as a weather indicator and an important factor in the urban environment. Changes in land use by changing the features of the surface cover such as the shape of the constructed areas, the amount of heat absorption, building materials, surface albedo and the amount of vegetation lead to changes in the temperature of the earth's surface. Barren lands with soil cover, on the contrary, increase the surface temperature of the earth. Climatic characteristics at the time of satellite image imaging also play a role in the extent and intensity of urban cold islands, so that satellite imaging in the middle of hot summer days shows urban cold islands better. The innovation of the research is in the large area of the investigated area, which includes eight urban areas, in order to examine the pattern of temperature changes on a wider level.
Materials and methods
Considering the rapid development of urban and industrial areas in the Ardakan-Yazd plain in recent decades, this study aims to investigate changes in the surface temperature pattern using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images for both winter and summer seasons. It was done in 2002 and 2019. In addition, the relationship between land use/land cover and surface temperature was also investigated. Geometrical correction of satellite images was done using topographic map 1/25000 of Mapping Organization and atmospheric correction using FLAASH method in ENVI software. Algorithms used to obtain land surface temperature for Landsat 7 images were single-window method and for Landsat 8 images, the Landsat Science Office model was used. Land use/land cover layers related to the years 2002 and 2019 were used, and central statistical profiles and LST distribution were extracted for pasture, agricultural land, blown sands, industrial areas, rock outcrops and cities. In addition to examining temperature changes in different uses, it is also possible to compare over time.
Results and discussion
The results of this study showed that the area of cold islands and thermal islands in winter and summer of 2002 is not much different, so that in winter 10.8 percent and in summer 10.4 percent of the area were cold islands and thermal islands in winter 9.02. It was 8.5% of the region in summer, while this difference is huge in 2019. Thus, 9.4% of the area in winter and 12.1% in summer are covered by cold islands, and thermal islands are 8.3% in winter and 1.6% in summer. Changing land use and increasing the size of urban and industrial areas and reducing agricultural land is one of the main reasons for the increase in cold islands. The survey of land use/land cover changes between these years showed that the extent of urban areas increased from 22,045 to 23,714 hectares, and industrial areas also grew by about two times, from 4,615 in 2002 to 8,187 hectares in 2019. However, during this period, the area of agricultural land has decreased from 1161 hectares in 2002 to 793 hectares in 2019. Also, the results show that the percentage of heat islands is higher in winter than in summer. The main reason for this can be the much less vegetation covers in the winter than in the summer, because the vegetation cover acts as a moderator of the earth's surface temperature. Cold islands are formed in the built-up areas in the winter and summer. From 2002 to 2019, the extent of cold islands decreased in winter and increased in summer, while the extent of thermal islands decreased in winter and summer. Also, the results of the validation section of the single-window method and the model of the Landsat Science Office in calculating LST showed that for both summer and winter seasons, Landsat 8 has a higher accuracy than Landsat 7, and the LST estimation model is based on the exclusive method of this The Landsat series of satellites (Landsat Office of Science model) has a higher efficiency than the single-window method.
Conclusion
The results showed that cities play an important role in changes in the temperature pattern of the earth's surface, and the phenomenon of urban cold islands is not exclusive to big cities in hot, dry and semi-arid regions, but also occurs in medium-sized cities. The temperature variability of eight cities located in the Ardakan-Yazd plain with the land use/cover of the suburbs also showed that the cities are colder than the suburbs in both winter and summer seasons. This study showed the role of vegetation in hot and dry areas in reducing LST and also provided evidence for the change in the degraded state of pastures in this area.
Keywords: Urban climate, Land use, Land surface temperature, surface urban cool island (SUCI), surface urban heat islands (SUHI)
The growth rate of urbanization during the recent decades of metropolises has had many destructive effects on the urban environment, among which we can mention the change of temperature of surfaces and local climates. The increase in the urban population, the rapid growth of industrialization and the increase in the concentration of pollutants in the lowest level of the atmosphere have affected the severity of the city's heat islands. Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable to control the relationship between radiant, latent and sensible heat flux. Analyzing and understanding the dynamics of LST and identifying the relationship between it and changes of human origin is necessary for modeling and predicting environmental changes. The heat of urban surfaces is affected by various characteristics of urban surfaces such as color, surface roughness, humidity level, possibility of chemical compounds, etc. In addition, the changes between LST in a city and its surrounding area are due to surface changes, heat capacity and topography. Since the surface temperature regulates the temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere, it can be considered as a weather indicator and an important factor in the urban environment. Changes in land use by changing the features of the surface cover such as the shape of the constructed areas, the amount of heat absorption, building materials, surface albedo and the amount of vegetation lead to changes in the temperature of the earth's surface. Barren lands with soil cover, on the contrary, increase the surface temperature of the earth. Climatic characteristics at the time of satellite image imaging also play a role in the extent and intensity of urban cold islands, so that satellite imaging in the middle of hot summer days shows urban cold islands better. The innovation of the research is in the large area of the investigated area, which includes eight urban areas, in order to examine the pattern of temperature changes on a wider level.
Materials and methods
Considering the rapid development of urban and industrial areas in the Ardakan-Yazd plain in recent decades, this study aims to investigate changes in the surface temperature pattern using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images for both winter and summer seasons. It was done in 2002 and 2019. In addition, the relationship between land use/land cover and surface temperature was also investigated. Geometrical correction of satellite images was done using topographic map 1/25000 of Mapping Organization and atmospheric correction using FLAASH method in ENVI software. Algorithms used to obtain land surface temperature for Landsat 7 images were single-window method and for Landsat 8 images, the Landsat Science Office model was used. Land use/land cover layers related to the years 2002 and 2019 were used, and central statistical profiles and LST distribution were extracted for pasture, agricultural land, blown sands, industrial areas, rock outcrops and cities. In addition to examining temperature changes in different uses, it is also possible to compare over time.
Results and discussion
The results of this study showed that the area of cold islands and thermal islands in winter and summer of 2002 is not much different, so that in winter 10.8 percent and in summer 10.4 percent of the area were cold islands and thermal islands in winter 9.02. It was 8.5% of the region in summer, while this difference is huge in 2019. Thus, 9.4% of the area in winter and 12.1% in summer are covered by cold islands, and thermal islands are 8.3% in winter and 1.6% in summer. Changing land use and increasing the size of urban and industrial areas and reducing agricultural land is one of the main reasons for the increase in cold islands. The survey of land use/land cover changes between these years showed that the extent of urban areas increased from 22,045 to 23,714 hectares, and industrial areas also grew by about two times, from 4,615 in 2002 to 8,187 hectares in 2019. However, during this period, the area of agricultural land has decreased from 1161 hectares in 2002 to 793 hectares in 2019. Also, the results show that the percentage of heat islands is higher in winter than in summer. The main reason for this can be the much less vegetation covers in the winter than in the summer, because the vegetation cover acts as a moderator of the earth's surface temperature. Cold islands are formed in the built-up areas in the winter and summer. From 2002 to 2019, the extent of cold islands decreased in winter and increased in summer, while the extent of thermal islands decreased in winter and summer. Also, the results of the validation section of the single-window method and the model of the Landsat Science Office in calculating LST showed that for both summer and winter seasons, Landsat 8 has a higher accuracy than Landsat 7, and the LST estimation model is based on the exclusive method of this The Landsat series of satellites (Landsat Office of Science model) has a higher efficiency than the single-window method.
Conclusion
The results showed that cities play an important role in changes in the temperature pattern of the earth's surface, and the phenomenon of urban cold islands is not exclusive to big cities in hot, dry and semi-arid regions, but also occurs in medium-sized cities. The temperature variability of eight cities located in the Ardakan-Yazd plain with the land use/cover of the suburbs also showed that the cities are colder than the suburbs in both winter and summer seasons. This study showed the role of vegetation in hot and dry areas in reducing LST and also provided evidence for the change in the degraded state of pastures in this area.
Keywords: Urban climate, Land use, Land surface temperature, surface urban cool island (SUCI), surface urban heat islands (SUHI)
Keywords: Urban climate, Land use, Land surface temperature, surface urban cool island (SUCI), surface urban heat islands (SUHI)
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/02/21 | Accepted: 2023/06/20 | Published: 2023/10/4
Received: 2023/02/21 | Accepted: 2023/06/20 | Published: 2023/10/4
References
1. ابراهیمی هروی، بهروز؛ رنگزن، کاظم؛ ریاحی بختیاری، حمید رضا؛ تقی زاده، ایوب.1395 . تعیین مناسب ترین روش استخراج دمای سطح زمین با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای لندست 8 در کلان شهر کرج، سنجش از دور و GIS ایران، سال 8 ، شماره3 ، صص 76- 59.
2. اژدری، ابوالقاسم، تقوایی، علیاکبر.1397. تحلیل اثر پیکربندی فضایی پوشش شهری و ویژگیهای کالبدی ساختمانها بر پدیده جزایر سطحی سرد شهری، محیط شناسی، سال 44، شماره، 189 صص-203.
3. برزگری، ف.، ملکی نژاد، ح. 1395. بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر نیاز آبی و پایداری مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی دشت یزد-اردکان. بوم شناسی کشاورزی، 10(4)، 1161-1176.
4. داوطلب، ج.، پوردیهیمی، ش.، حافظی، م. ر. و ادیب، م. 1398. اثر پوشش گیاهی بر تعدیل احساس گرمایی فضای باز منطقهی سیستان، دو فصلنامه معماری ایران، 15: 171-155.
5. کافی سه قلعه، فاطمه.1399. اثرات ترکیب و توزیع سیمای سرزمین بر جزایر حرارتی شهری(مطالعه موردی شهر بیرجند). پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه بیرجند، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست.
6. کریمی فیروزجایی، محمد؛ میجانی، نعیم؛ کیاورز، مجید؛, علوی پناه, سید کاظم .1398. بررسی تاثیر حرارتی اراضی ساخته شده و غیرساخته شده بر یکدیگر با استفاده از دادههای سنجش از دور حرارتی و انعکاسی، محیط شناسی، سال 45، شماره 1، صص 153-133.
7. رفیع شریفآباد، ج.، نوحهگر، ا.، زهتابیان، غ.، خسروی، ح. و غلامی، ح. 1395. بررسی روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر روی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی دشت یزد-اردکان، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی جغرافیا، 1 (7): 199-189.
8. یوسفی، یدالله .1397. شکل گیری جزیره حرارتی و اثر آن بر تغییرپذیری دما در شهر بابل، محیط شناسی, سال 44، شماره 2، صص 354-345.
9. ولیزاده کامران، خ.، غلامنیا، خ.، عینالی، گ. و موسوی، س. م. 1396. برآورد دمای سطح زمین و استخراج جزایر حرارتی با استفاده از الگوریتم پنجره مجزا و تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره (مطالعه موردی: شهر زنجان)، نشریه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری، 30 (8): 50-35.
10. Anbazhagan, S., & Paramasivam, C. R. 2016. Statistical correlation between land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI) using multi-temporal landsat TM data. International Journal of Advanced Earth Science and Engineering, 5(1), 333-46.
11. Cao, X., Onishi, A., Chen, J., & Imura, H. 2010. Quantifying the Cool Island Intensity of Urban Parks Using ASTER and IKONOS Data. 2013. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96(4), 224–231.Clinton, N.; Gong, P. MODIS detected surface urban heat islands and sinks: Global locations and controls. Remote Sens. Environ., 134, 294–304.
12. Dewantoro, B.E.B; Mahyatar,p; Hayani, W.N .2020. Detection and analysis of surface urban cool island using thermal infrared imagery of Salatiga city, Indonesia, Dewantoro, Vol 17, No 2, 115-126. http://jurnal.lapan.go.id/index.php/ijreses/article/view/3387.
13. Deng C, Wu C. 2013. Examining the impacts of urban biophysical compositions on surface urban heat island: A spectral unmixing and thermal mixing approach. Remote Sensing of Environment, 131: 262-274.
14. Farina, A. 2012. Exploring the relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation abundance for urban heat island mitigation in Seville, Spain. LUMA-GIS Thesis.
15. Frey, C.M., Rigo, G. and Parlow, E., 2009. Investigation of the daily Urban Cooling Island (UCI) in two coastal cities in an arid environment: Dubai and Abu Dhabi (UAE). City, 81(2.06).
16. Govind, N.R., Ramesh, H. 2019.The impact of spatiotemporal patterns of land use land cover and land surface temperature on an urban cool island: a case study of Bengaluru. Environ Monit Assess 191, 283. [DOI:10.1007/s10661-019-7440-1]
17. Hafner, J.; Kidder, S.Q. 1999. Urban Heat Island Modeling in Conjunction with Satellite-Derived Surface/Soil Parameters. J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 448–465.
18. Keramitsoglou, I.; Kiranoudis, C.T.; Ceriola, G.; Weng, Q.; Rajasekar, U. 2011. Identification and analysis of urban surface temperature patterns in Greater Athens, Greece, using MODIS imagery. Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 3080–3090.
19. Kong, F., Yin, H., Wang, C., Cavan, G., & James. P. 2014. A Satellite Image-Based Analysis of Factors Contributing to The Green-Space Cool Island Intensity on A City Scale. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 13(4), 846- 853.
20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2014.09.009.
21. Landsat project science office .2002; Landsat 7 science data user’s handbook. URL: http://itpwww.gsfs.nasa.gov/IAS/handbook/handbook_toc.
22. Lazzarini, M., Marpu, P.R. and Ghedira, H. 2013. Temperature-land cover interactions: The inversion of urban heat island
23. phenomenon in desert city areas. Remote Sensing of Environment 130: 136-152.
24. Li, Z. L., Wu, H., Wang, N., Qiu, S., Sobrino, J. A., Wan, Z., & Yan, G. 2013. Land surface emissivity retrieval from satellite data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(9-10), 3084-3127.
25. Liu, L. and Zhang, Y. 2011. Urban heat island analysis using the Landsat TM data and ASTER data: A case study in Hong Kong. Remote Sensing, 3(7): 1535-1552.
26. Masoodian, S.A., Montazeri, M. Quantifying of surface urban cool island in arid environments case study: Isfahan metropolis. Landscape Ecol Eng 17, 147–156 .2021. [DOI:10.1007/s11355-020-00443-6]
27. Qin, Z., Karnieli, A., & Berliner, P. 2001. A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region. International journal of remote sensing, 22(18), 3719-3746.
28. Rasul, A., Balzter, H. and Smith, C. 2015. Spatial variation of the daytime surface urban cool island during the dry season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8. Urban Climate 14:176-186.
29. Rasul, A., Balzter, H. and Smith, C. 2016. Diurnal and seasonal variation of surface urban cool and heat islands in the semi-arid city of Erbil, Iraq. Climate 4 (3): 42.
30. Rasul, A., Balzter, H., Smith, C., Remedios, J., Adamu, B., Sobrino, J.A., Srivanit, M. and Weng, Q. 2017. A Review on Remote Sensing of Urban Heat and Cool Islands. Land 6 (2): 38.
31. Ukwattage, N.L.; Dayawansa, N.D.K. 2012. Urban Heat Islands and the Energy Demand: An Analysis for Colombo City of Sri Lanka Using Thermal Remote Sensing Data; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya: Colombo, Sri Lanka,; pp. 124–131.
32. USGS. (2013). Using the USGS Landsat 8 Product. 2015.Xu H., Y. Chen., S. Dan., W. Qiu. (2011). Spatial and temporal analysis of urban heat island effect in Chengdu city by remote sensing. Geoinformatics, 2011 19th international conference on, shanghai, 24-26 June 2011, pp. 1-5.
33. Zhang, H., Qi, Z. F., Ye, X. Y., Cai, Y. B., Ma, W. C., & Chen, M. N. 2013. Analysis of land use/land cover change, population shift, and their effects on spatiotemporal patterns of urban heat islands in metropolitan Shanghai, China. Applied Geography, 44, 121-133.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
