other قرض‌گیریِ فعل «است» و گونه‌های آن در گویش عربی سراب ادبیات غنایی ادبیات غنایی پژوهشي Research <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">قرض‌گیری فرآ</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">یندی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> زبانی است که در زبان‌شناسیِ درزمانی بررسی می‌‌شود. در ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ین</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> فرآیند، زبان عناصر</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> را از زبان د</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">یگر</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> قرض می‌گیرد. ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ین</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> فرآ</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">یند</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> معمولاً در مناطقی رخ می‌‌دهد که دو زبان با </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">کد</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">گر برخورد م</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‌کنند و به مدت طولان</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> تماس دارند. </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ک</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> از مناطق ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ران که چن</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ن موقعیتی دارد، جنوب خراسان است. در ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ن منطقه، عرب‌ها</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">یی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> زندگ</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> م</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‌کنند که احتمالاً تار</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">خ مهاجرت آنها به قرون نخست اسلام</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> بازم</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‌گردد. در ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ن مقاله به بررس</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> فرآ</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ند قرض‌گ</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ر</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> فعل &laquo;است&raquo; و گونه‌ها</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> آن در روستا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> عرب‌نش</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ن سراب م</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‌پرداز</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">م. فعل اسناد</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> فارس</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> به سه صورت </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">est</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (با تحول آوا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">یی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">، صرف</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> و معنا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">یی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">)، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">hast</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (بدون تحول)&nbsp; و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">mest</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (به‌مثابه اسم فاعل) در ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ن گو</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ش کاربرد دارد. در گو</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ش عرب</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> سراب، فعل &laquo;است&raquo; و گونه‌ها</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> آن در سه وجه اخبار</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">، التزام</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> و امر</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">به‌کار م</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: nazanin;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‌رود. کاربرد شناسه‌های عربی در ساختار فعلِ &laquo;است&raquo; در این گویش و ساخت فارسی آن تفاوت دارد. </span></span></span><br> &nbsp; &ldquo;Borrowing&rdquo; is a lingual process that is studied in diachronic linguistics. In this process a language borrows elements from another language. This process usually occurs in areas that two languages make contact with each other. In a dialect spoken in South Khorasan the language borrowing happens. Arabs living in this part of Iran probably have immigrated in the early centuries of Islam. In this paper, the process of borrowing the verb &ldquo;ast&rdquo; and its varieties in &ldquo;Sarab&rdquo; village will be studied. In this village, this Farsi copular verb is used in three ways: <em>est</em> (with the phonetic, morphological and semantic transformation), <em>hast</em> (without any transformation) and <em>mest</em> (as a participle). In Arabic dialect of Sarab &ldquo;ast&rdquo; and its varieties are used in three modes of predictive, subjunctive and imperative. The use of Arabic identifiers in construction of &ldquo;ast&rdquo; is different in this dialect and its Farsi structure.<br> &nbsp; فعل اسنادی «است», قرض‌گیری, گویش عربی, جنوب خراسان, روستای سراب. “ast” Copular Verb, Borrowing, Arabic Dialect, South Khorasan, Sarab Village 231 252 http://jpll.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2090-4&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Hamed Norouzi حامد نوروزی hd_noruzi@birjand.ac.ir 10031947532846004236 10031947532846004236 Yes University of Birjand دانشگاه بیرجند Zeinab Salehi زینب صالحی salehi.zeinab@um.ac.ir 10031947532846004237 10031947532846004237 No Arabic language and literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد