fa مدل فضایی تولید گندم دیم استان کردستان با ریز پهنه‌بندی اقلیم کشاورزی پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گندم محور اصلی اقتصاد استان کردستان است. نوسان سالانه عملکرد گندم دیم استان تحت تاثیر عناصر اقلیمی محل 4/11 برابر است. در تحقیق حاضر نقش متغیرها و شاخص&shy;های آگروکلیمایی بر عملکرد گندم در استان کردستان بررسی شد. داده&shy;های بازه&shy;ی 31 ساله مربوط به سطح کاشت، تولید، خسارات و عملکرد گندم در 10 منطقه و عناصر اقلیمی در مقیاس ساعتی، روزانه، دهه&shy;ای، ماهانه فصلی و سالانه مربوط به 22 ایستگاه سینوپتیک گردآوری و همبستگی بین متغیر عملکرد گندم و 128 متغیر مستقل تعیین شد. اثر متغیرها بر عملکرد گندم با رگرسیون چند متغیره -همزمان و گام به گام- سنجش شد. متغیرها تحلیل فضایی شدند و مدل فضایی عملکرد گندم برای استان و شهرستانها معرفی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد عناصر اقلیمی با 99 درصد اطمینان پراکنش فضایی متفاوت دارند. بیشتر متغیرهای مستقل هر کدام منفردا اثر معنادار بر عملکرد گندم دارند، اما در مدل گام به گام 7 متغیر و شاخص آگروکلیمایی از جمله تعداد روزهای بارانی سال، جمع درجه ساعت دمای کمتر از </span></span><span dir="LTR">oC</span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 11- مرحله جوانه زنی تا پنجه دهی، میزان بارندگی سالیانه و مقدار بارش دهه پنجم سال زراعی عوامل تعیین کننده عملکرد گندم دیم هستند. تفاوت مکانی متغیرها و عملکرد حتی در یک تیپ اقلیمی معنادار است. ضریب تغییرات عملکرد در مناطق بانه و مریوان کمتر از سایر شهرستان&shy;ها و در بیجار و دیواندره بیش از سایر نقاط استان است. بیشترین میزان عملکرد در منطقه کامیاران بانه و مریوان و کمترین عملکرد در منطقه سنندج و بیجاراست. تولید گندم در منطقه بیجار ریسک بالاتری داشت. </span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Wheat is the main focus of the economy of Kurdistan province in which the annual fluctuation of wheat yield is 4/11 times as affected by the climatic elements of the site. This study investigated the role of agro-climatic variables and indices on rainfed wheat yield in Kurdistan province. The data of planting area, amount of production, damages and yield of wheat of 31-year in 10 regions of Kurdistan along with the hourly, daily, decade, monthly, seasonal and yearly levels data of 22 synoptic stations were collected. The correlation between wheat yield and 128 independent variables was calculated. The effect of variables on yield evaluated by multivariate regression. The spatial analysis of variables was performed and the spatial model of wheat yield was introduced for province and regions. The results showed that climatic elements in various regions are different, in a 99% confidence<span dir="RTL">. </span>Most of the independent variables alone have a significant effect on wheat yield, but in the stepwise model, 7 variables such as: the number of rainy days of the year, the sum of the degree hours (of temperature less than -11 &deg; C) in germination and tilling stage, annual precipitation and the precipitation of November are determinants of the yield. Yield and effective independent variables have significant spatial differences even in a cluster climate type. The highest and lowest coefficient of variation of wheat yield is related to Bijar and Kamyaran areas, respectively. Kamyaran and Sanandaj regions have the highest and lowest yield, respectively. Bijar is the highest risk region of the province for wheat production.<br> <br> <br> The results of this study showed that with a 99 percent confidence, climatic elements (variables) vary in different regions. Most of the independent variables have a significant effect on wheat yield in simple linear regression, but in Stepwise method, due to the internal correlation between variables, just variables entered that have insignificant correlation with each other and have more effects than other variables. The variables affecting the performance are differentin various regions, and from the point of view of effectiveness, the arrangement of the variables in different areas vary too. In other words, even in two regions with a climatic type (based on the Modified De Martonne method), both agro-climatic indices and wheat yield are significantly different. The impact of effective variables on yield at any time and place depends on the time of year and the phonological stage of wheat. At one time the environmental conditions of different regions in terms of temperature, humidity and precipitation differ, based on phonological stages of the regions. The time of the vulnerability of wheat varies from place to place. Wheat vulnerability at flowering stage is more than other stages. The effect of independent variables on yield at different times of year is proportional to the phonological stage in years Different and different in different regions. In Kurdistan province, the number of rainy days of the year, total degree hours the temperature reaches below -11 &deg;^C (sum of hours with below -11 &deg;^C temperature) from germination to tillering stage, the annual precipitation, the rainfall in the fifth decade of the water year (the precipitation of 11-20 of November), annual relative humidity and total degree hours the temperature reaches above 30&deg;^Ctemperature (sum of hours with above 30 &deg;^C temperature) in milky and dough stage is the determinants of the production of rainfed wheat. In Baneh and Marivan areas, the coefficient of variation (CV) is lower and in Bijar and Divandareh regions CV is more than other regions. Kamyaran region has the highest yield, Baneh and Marivan were ranked secondjointly. Sanandaj and then Bijarhave the lowest yield. Each region has a model for wheat yield and determinant factors vary from region to region. Although the annual production of Bijar is higher than other areas, wheat production in the Bijar region has a higher risk than other areas.</div> آگروکلیما, عنصر اقلیمی, ریز پهنه بندی, گندم دیم, عملکرد Agroclimate, Climate element, Microzonation, Yield, Wheat 1 19 http://jgs.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3467-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Naseh Qaderi ناصح قادری qaderi69@gmail.com 100319475328460016288 100319475328460016288 No PhD student at climatology, Kharazmi University, Tehran تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی Bohloul Alijani بهلول علیجانی bralijani@gmail.com 100319475328460016289 100319475328460016289 Yes Full Professor of Climatology, Kharazmi University, Tehran دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران zahra hejazizadeh زهرا حجازی زاده hedjazizadeh@yahoo.com 100319475328460016290 100319475328460016290 No Full Professor of Climatology, Kharazmi University, Tehran. دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران mohammad saligheh محمد سلیقه saligheh@khu.ac.ir 100319475328460016291 100319475328460016291 No Associate professor of Climatology, Kharazmi University, Tehran دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران