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Potential evaluation of acid mine drainage production by coal washing wastes: A case study of Mehmandoost plant, NW Damghan
Ms Najmeh Mohammadi, Dr. Giti Forghani Tehrani, Dr. Afshin Qishlaqi,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract

Acid mine drainage (AMD) as the most important environmental issue in mining sites is considered a significant source of environmental pollution.  AMD is typically produced by the oxidation of sulphide minerals, especially pyrite. The present study aims to investigate the acid production potential of the wastes of Mehmandoost coal washing plant located in NE Damghan. For this purpose, mineralogical, geochemical, and statistic tests were carried out on 7 representative coal washing waste samples. The obtained results show that although coal washing wastes are not enriched in Cu and Mn, they are moderately enriched in Ni and Co, significantly enriched in Cr, Sb and Zn, strongly enriched in Cd and As, and extremely enriched in Pb and Mo. The main mineral phases presented in the studied samples include quartz, muscovite, clinochlore, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, calcite and pyrite. In most of the studied samples, the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the saturated paste is <3 and > 2000 μm/cm, respectively. Moreover, in most samples the Net Neutralization Potential (NNP) is < -20. Also, in most of the samples, the Net Acid Production Potential (NAPP) is positive and the Neutralization Potential ratio (NPR) is < 3. The pH of Net Acid Formation (NAG pH) of these samples is < 4.5 and the ratio of Acid Neutralization Capacity to Maximum Acid Potential Acidity (ANC/MPA) is < 1. According to the results of static tests, there is a possibility of production of acidic drainage by the studied samples, therefore, taking suitable management measures to control acid production in the area is of crucial importance.


 


Investigating the engineering hydrogeomorphological characteristics of the Gian catchment and river of Nahavand in the Hamadan province
Dr. Davood Fereidooni, Dr. Sajeddin Mousavi, Dr. Esmaeil Najafi, Dr. Gholam Reza Khanlari,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Assessing and understanding the hydromorphological characteristics are necessary to understand the behavior of a river and its active processes. This is useful for understanding the erosion and sedimentation regime and changing the river path, for making correct engineering and human activities in the river's catchment area. The Gian River, with an average annual discharge of 2.3 m3/s, is one of the tributaries of the Gamasiab River in the Hamedan province. From a geological and hydrogeomorphological point of view, the Gian is a small river. It is fully compatible with the geological structures of the region. The calculation of the sinusoidal coefficient has shown that this river is a meandering river whose wavelength, the amplitude of the oscillation and the width of the meander belt are smaller in the mountainous area than in the plain area The gradient of the river bed is relatively low and it is classified as an erosion and sedimentation river in its different sections. The Gian River has a rocky bed in the mountainous part and an alluvial bed in the plain. The Gian River has a small catchment area, and, according to theGravelius' coefficient, its shape is almost elongated. The catchment elevation of the Gian River is between 1455 and 2700 with a weighted average of 1715.20 m.a.s.l. and its area decreases with the increase in the elevation. The concentration time of the catchment is 4.204 hours. The application of the data and results of the research can be very effective in land use planning, engineering and executive applications to predict river changes and protect engineering structures such as roads, bridges, coastal structures and railways, protect agricultural lands in the region and develop tourism.
 

Evaluation of the videogrammetry method for calculating the volume of earthworks in comparison with the conventional methods of land surveying
Dr Asghar Milan, Mehran Shafiei,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Calculating the volume of earthworks in mines is one of the challenging, costly, and time-consuming issues in the field. In mining projects, it is necessary to calculate the volume of excavation to estimate the volume of extraction in order to plan the sale of the produced products and to calculate the cost performance of the contractors. The calculation of excavation volumes presents many challenges, such as the selection of the best measurement tool and technique, the need to adjust maps produced in different time periods, the existence of inflation coefficients and the volume to weight conversion factor. Today, tools such as laser scanners, total stations and metric cameras are used to calculate earthwork volumes. However, they are expensive to use and require an experienced operator. Therefore, there is a need to investigate methods to calculate volumes in less time with acceptable accuracy. This research evaluated the use of smartphones for optimal volume estimation of earthworks. In this research, the image data obtained from the smartphone was processed with a technique based on structure from motion (SFM) and the results were used to create a digital terrain model to estimate the volume of earthworks. The calculated volume differences for the earthworks volume compared to ground methods for a soil mass and the studied excavation are 3.86% and 1.84% respectively, which shows that the method used in this research has the necessary accuracy to calculate earthworks volumes and considering the many advantages it has over traditional methods in terms of cost and time, it can replace them.

Surface water pollution assessment in Shamil-Takht Plain using WRASTIC index and optimization of quality monitoring network
Majid Dashti Barmaki, Zahra Yazdani Barmaki, Massoud Morsali,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
In order to design and optimize the quality monitoring network in areas with several sub-basins, it is necessary to know the criteria that affect them, so that in each sub-basin the presence or absence of a monitoring station and the required parameters can be determined. In this respect, the use of the surface water pollution index, namely WRASTIC, can be effective. The WRASTIC model is a practical and advanced method for assessing the risk and potential of pollution in sub-basins. Due to its role in the drinking water supply of the city of Bandar Abbas, monitoring the quality of the Shamil-Takht study area is very beneficial. Therefore, to assess the risk of pollution in this plain, the basin was divided into 16 sub-basins using Global Mapper software. The WRASTIC index was presented as different layers of information, and its value was calculated for each sub-basin by rating by expert judgement method, weighting by hierarchical analysis method, and merging layers using weighted overlap. The results showed that three sub-basins have high risk and three sub-basins have low risk. Then, according to the condition of the streams in each sub-basin, the pollution index and its importance, the number of quality monitoring stations and the necessary parameters in this area were determined. Accordingly, five stations were added to the existing ten hydrometric stations at different locations. In the final 15 stations, the measurement of general parameters and major ions was included in the proposed agenda. The measurement of parameters such as phosphate/phosphorus and nitrate/nitrite was also included in six sub-basins, and heavy metals in three sub-basins.

Assessment of hydrochemical characteristics and quality of the Garmabdasht River, Golestan Province, NE Iran
Shaghayegh Samiee-Rad, Giti Forghani, Hadi Jafari,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
The Garmabdasht River as the first tributary of the Qarasu River, flows through the city of Gorgan and eventually  flows into Gorgan Bay. In order to study the hydrochemistry and to assess the water quality, 10 water samples were collected in June 2022. Physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids), major ion concentrations, and microbiological  parameters (dissolved oxygen content, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and coliform bacteria) were measured by standard methods. The obtained results show that the pH of the water samples varies between 7.5 and 8.5 and the electrical conductivity of water samples varied between 376 and 665 µs/cm.  In terms of hardness, water samples were classified as hard and very hard. The concentrations of the major ions, phosphate and nitrate were within the permissible range for drinking usage. By calculating the ionic ratios and drawing the Durov diagram, it was found that the water chemistry was mainly controlled by the dissolution process. The position of the samples on the Piper diagram shows that the type and facies of the river water samples were calcium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate and calcium sulphate. According to the Wilcox diagram, the Garmabdasht river water was suitable for irrigation. The residual sodium carbonate and sodium percentage values confirm this conclusion; however, based on the magnesium hazard index, the studied samples were not suitable for irrigation. The values of dissolved oxygen in all samples were within the permissible limit. The amounts of biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in some stations exceeded the permissible limit due to the influx of livestock and agricultural effluents. The obtained results show that the samples were microbially polluted, which may induce the health problem in the local population. The values of NSFWQI also shows that, except for the upstream samples of S1 and S2, the quality of the studied samples for drinking is in the bad to medium class.

Water quality assessment of Qarasu River using IRWQIsc index
Dr Eisa Hajiradkouchak, Dr Behzad Rahnama, Dr Hasan Nasrollahzadeh, Mr Ali Shahbazi, Mr Reza Raeiji, Mr Kazem Babaei,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Many researchers believe that providing safe water, sanitary disposal and optimal management are the three axes of health, and in all these cases, while paying attention to the process of doing work, continuous control should also be done. This study was designed and implemented with the aim of seasonally investigating the physicochemical and microbial water quality of Qarasu River in Golestan province using the IRWQIsc index. 6 sampling stations were identified for Qarasu River and sampling was done once every month in four seasons of 1400. The measured parameters include pH, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), total hardness (TH), turbidity and total suspended solids. It was a stool form. According to the measured parameters, Iran's surface water quality index IRWQISC was calculated. The results of the study based on the index showed that the quality of this index for all stations in all seasons was between 70.5 and 14.7 and according to the IRWQISC index, it was in five good categories (70-1.85), relatively good. (55-1/70), relatively bad (30-44-9), bad (15-29-9) and very bad (less than 15). The influencing parameters were total suspended solids, turbidity, nitrate, temperature and fecal coliform. It can be concluded that the amount of 70.5 with good quality is related to (Tuskestan village) in winter and the amount of 7.14 with very bad quality is related to (Pol Qara Tepe) in summer that the quality of the river water in The Gorgan to Aqqla road bridge station (Qorban Abad) is in bad condition in all seasons due to the entry of urban and industrial pollutants into this station, and Tuskestan village station has good and relatively good quality in most seasons because Tuskestan is in It is located in high altitudeand the entrance of clean running water  into thisarea is more and it is far from industrial and urban pollutants.

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