Cognitive Psychology Journal

The role of cognitive processing on dieters` success or fail

Javad S. Fadardi

Obesity is one of the most important problems which threatens the global health. Healthcare organizations spend a
large amount of money to predict and treat obesity every year. The most common treatment for obesity is
concentrated on shaping a new lifestyle with more exercise and healthy diet. But a multitude of dieters fail. In this study, the role of cognitive processing in dieters` success or fail was investigated. Participants were
successful (N= 42) and unsuccessful (N= 45) dieters between 18 and 40 years old. Attentional bias, positive
implicit association, and working memory capacity were measured by dot-probe task, a modified
version of implicit association test (IAT), and N-Back task. Results indicated that unsuccessful dieters showed
greater attentional bias to (d= 0.69) and more food preferences for (d= 1.06) high-calorie food pictures.
Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in implicit associations for high calorie food and in working memory capacity between the groups. These results were congruent with some previous studies and they were discussed based on dual-processing model.

Obsessive believes and Cognitive Inhibition deficit in in Obsessive Compulsive Patients

Fatemeh Shahamat Dehsorkh

The crucial difference between people with OCD and non-clinical individuals would be the presence of OCD-related dysfunctional beliefs. compulsions are aimed at undoing the intrusive thoughts. With respect of core symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder(OCD) deficit in cognitive inhibition is probable. But results are inconsistent in this field. Here researchers are aimed to study the probable IOR deficit in clinical sample of compulsive washing . this study is a causal- comparative research. Beck Depression Inventory - version II (BDI-II), Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire- 44 (OBQ-44) and emotional Inhibition of Return test were administered of 47 clinical samples of compulsive washing. The results of MANOVA analysis showed that there is no differences between two groups in IOR (F_(4,42)=-0.578, P=0.735; Wilk’s Lambda= 0.955; Partial η²= 0.045). Moreover there is a significant deference between reaction times in valid and invalid trails (t= 4.209; P≤0.01) that shows the general IOR phenomena in participants. This research failed to show cognitive inhibition deficit in clinical samples of compulsive washing according to their dysfunctional beliefs.IT seems that IOR deficient is not detectable in OCD patients according to exogenous attention. Other theoretical and experimental implications are discussed.

The Effectiveness of process emotion regulation strategies in improvement on executive functions and quality of life in recovered addictions in drop in centers.

ABDOLLAH BORHANI

Abstract

Addiction has negative effects on people's psychological and social aspects. In fact, addiction is a chronic disease that causes various biological, psychological and social impact of.The aim of current study was Effectiveness of process emotion regulation strategies in improvement on executive functions and quality of life in recovered addictions in drop in centers. The method of this research is experimental that we used pre-tests and post-tests with control group. The sample consisted of 24 male of recovered addictions in drop in centers that selected with accessible sampaling and randomly they have been appointed in experimental and control group. Experimental group recieved emotion regulation strategies based on gross model for ten sessions, while the control group don^,t take any intervention. The information were assessed via Wisconsin card sorting test and quality of life questionnaire.The data were analyzed by analysis of multivariate covariance. The results show that process emotion regulation strategies improve executive functions and increase quality of life in experimental group. process emotion regulation strategies suggest positive clinical implications in substance abuse treatment and relapse prevention.

The effect of teaching studying methods with emphasis on cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies on academic achievement and motivation achievement

hadi KERAMATI

The present research aims to examine the effect of teaching studying methods of reading and comprehension, note-taking and writing, and exam techniques and stress management with emphasis on cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies on academic achievement and motivation achievement among Iranian students with residency in Tajikistan. For this purpose, using empirical method and multi-group pre-test and post-test design, 80 students were considered in four groups(3 experimental groups and 1 control group). Response was given to Hermans achievement motivation questionnaire by the students at four groups and their Grade Point Average for previous year was registered, and the individuals in the experimental groups were trained during 10 sessions. After intervention, Hermans achievement motivation questionnaire was refilled by the students and their new Grade Point Average was registered. Ultimately, the research data were analyzed via Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results of statistical analyses indicated that training studying techniques of reading and comprehension, note-taking and writing, and exam techniques and stress management affect achievement motivation and academic achievement.

Assessment of visual non-graphical respiratory biofeedback’s effect on anxiety and waiting anxiety symptoms using researcher-built homecare instrument

rokhand roohani noosar

The project aimed to assess of biofeedback’s effect on anxiety and waiting anxiety symptoms using researcher-built instrument. The research design for this study was “Pretest- Posttest with Control Group Design”. The statistical population consisted of people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in the 19-45 age range. This survey was based on a sample of 19 patients with GAD who were systematically drawn from 70 students with the high level of anxiety and then randomly assigned into experimental (n=10) and control (n=9) groups. At the percolation step, Anxiety disorder interview schedule for DSM-IV, Beck anxiety inventory and Waiting anxiety employed for the evaluation of the research variables. Biofeedback’s treatment using researcher-built instrument was performed on testable samples of the experimental groups. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The covariance analysis revealed that biofeedback’s researcher-built instrument could help reduce anxiety (P<0.01) nevertheless no significant difference between experimental and control groups was observed in regards to waiting anxiety. The report suggested, easy availability of home version of biofeedback in large-scale in ensuring optimal level of its ability which can be subsequently employed on a broad spectrum of disorders.

The Effect of Stroop Effect and Stimulus Onset Asynchronies on the Psychological Refractory Period

saeed Alboghbeish

Abstract

Background & Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of strop on the psychological refractory period.

Materials & Methods: The present study is of semi-experimental. 20 students of Chamran University of Ahwaz, chosen in reach; participated in the study with average age of 23/45±1/45. Each of the participants did a test of strop effect dual task within four intervals of 50, 100, 300, 900 ms between asynchronous onset of the tasks in both congruent and incongruent conditions.

Results: The results of repeated measurement test with (p>0/05) significant indicate that response time of the congruent stimulant is quicker compared with the incongruent one. In short intervals, the automatic process of reading the word had no overlap with the process of naming the word.

Conclusion: Therefore, strop effect in short intervals was not effective and the incongruent condition of strop effect makes the analysis of stimulant complex during the phase of choosing the response. Intra-group difference and internal inconsistency of two stimulants within the sequence of congruent and incongruent dual task increased the response time of the second stimulant. So, increase in the complexity of the first stimulant causes the longest delay of the second one.

Examining the Effectiveness of Teaching Philosophy on the way community of inquiry on critical thinking and its dimensions of female students in fifth grade in Yazd

nasrin Darezereshki

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of teaching philosophy on the way community of inquiry on critical thinking and its dimensions of female students in fifth grade in Yazd. The study population included all fifth grade students in Yazd in academic year 2015 – 2016. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-post test on experimental and control groups. For this purpose, 30 students were selected by using convenience sampling and they were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). The critical thinking questionnaire of Watson- Glazer was used for gathering data. Philosophy on the way community of inquiry was taught to the experimental group during 12 sessions (each session was 60 minutes). Results of examining hypothesis by using analysis of covariance (significance level = 0.05) showed that teaching philosophy on the way community of inquiry has effect on critical thinking and its dimensions (perception, inference, interpretation and evaluation of logical reasoning), and it has improved them.