Cognitive Psychology Journal

Predict of worry based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems(BAS/BIS), cognitive emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty in students

Asgar Alizadeh

The aim of the present study is the predict of worry based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and intolerance of uncertainty in students. In terms of objective, this study is off is study is the fundamental type, and in terms of data collection, it is of the correlation type. For this purpose, 200 students were selected using convenience sampling (available sampling) from Masters students at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2014-2015 school year. The participants were asked to answer the measures of behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (SERQ), intolerance of uncertainty Scale (IUS) and the Penn state worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and stepwise regression. Results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of behavioral inhibition system, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and intolerance of uncertainty in one hand, and worry in another hand (p<0.01), and there was a negative significant relationship between the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and worry (p<0.01). These variables were able to predict 1/54 of the total variance of concern (p<0.001). In addition, the relationship between the behavioral activator system variable and worry was not significant. Worry is related to a variety of negative consequences, including a high degree of emotional reactivity and inefficient regulation styles. Thus, the findings of this study have practical implications in the clinical arena.

The assessment ofinformation processingspeed with regard tostate trait anxiety

Jafar Hasani

Emotionand cognitionconstructs constitute twobasic dimensions ofhuman psychologicalstructureandtheexplanation of performanceis onlypossibledue to theinteractionof thesetwo dimensions.The aimofthis study wasto investigate student’s information processingspeed based ontrait/stateanxiety.From large population ofNajaf Abadcityhighschoolstudentsaccording to inclusion criteria and extreme scores of distribution of Spielberger Trait and State AnxietyScale (EPQ-R)fourgroups(highstatanxiety, lowstatanxiety, hightraitanxiety&lowtraitanxiety N=15) wereselected and assessed by Speed-of-processing tests (Zahlen-Verbindungs-TestOswald & Roth, 1978) and Sitzwohl’s Coding Test (KDT)(1995). Theresultsofmultivariate analysis of varianceand Bonferenipost hoctestsshowed thatthere aresignificant differences between fourgroups in speed-of-processing andcoding .Theresults alsoshowed thatspeed-of-processinginstudents with low trait and low state anxietyis faster thanstudentswithhightrait and high stateanxiety. Based on the findingsof this studycan be said thatanxiety plays an important role incognitive functionsandinformationprocessing speedofandhigh anxiety(trait /state) causes interferenceininformation processingspeed, and ultimately cognitive functions.

Study of jumping to conclusion bias in social phobic patients and non-patient individuals, in anxiety induction situation

Niloofar Kianrad

All the people sometimes in their life become anxious in social situations. Social phobia is exaggerated form of these fears. Social phobic patients are afraid of being seen. They scared of act somehow that being contemptional or shameful.Researchers have found four type of cognitive bias in anxious individuals: attention bias, memory bias, judgment (reasoning) and interpretation bias.One kind of reasoning bias is jumping to conclusion, that represent judgment or making decision about something without having all truth or conclusion without rationalization. So, it's possible that social phobic patients do this bias in fearful social situations.Design of this research is casual-comparative style. And for sampling, we use of convenience sampling and two groups have been experimented: 45 individuals with social phobia disorder and 45 non-patients individauls.Findings have shown that patients with social phobia, in anxiety induction situation, have jumping to conclusion bias in compare to non-patients group and make hastier decisions and judgments. Indeed, for being free from anxiety, they make decision with little and imperfect evidences. Also, result has shown that presence of supervisor could be a stressor factor for individual with social phobia that would have a negative effect on their reasoning in conditions of decision making and judgment.

The comparison cognitive function and theory of mind in people with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder and normal people

Yazdan Movahhedi

People with obsessive compulsive behaviors typically occur suffer. The present study compared cognitive functioning and theory of mind in people with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder and their normal people. The study sample was male students in Tabriz University in the academic year 2013-14. The sample consisted of 35 individuals with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder and 35 normal subjects. Tools used in this study were the Wisconsin Test, Wechsler Memory Test, Theory of Mind Inventory, Compulsive Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and a structured clinical interview. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Between two groups of variables Drjamandgy error, total error, orientation, mental control, digit span, visual memory, learning Tdayha and theory of mind, there was significant difference. However, Personal Information and Public variables and logical memory, there was no significant difference between groups. The results showed that people with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder without symptoms of depression, there are shortcomings in cognitive functioning and theory of mind.

Effect of immediate, recent and remote explicit motor memory on reconsolidation process and retrograde effect

Parvaneh Shamsipoor

The aim of this research was effect of immediate, recent and remote explicit motor memory on reconsolidation process based stabilization and enhancement and retrograde interference. The statistical sample were 72 right-handed young girl. subjects were divided into two groups of immediate explicit motor memory (immediate recall, immediate recall + immediate interference), two groups of recent explicit motor memory(recall after 5h, recall after 5h + Interference delayed after 5h) and two groups of remote explicit motor memory (recall after 24h, recall after 24h + Interference delayed after 24h). This research was consisted of two phases of acquisition and retention and alternating serial reaction time and two selection reaction time tasks were used. In the first phase check out reconsolidation based enhancement and in the second phase check out reconsolidation based stabilization and retrograde interference. In the first phase, results showed that for recall groups after 24h and 5h occurred reconsolidation based enhancement. In the second phase, results showed that for recent (recall after 5h, recall after 5h + Interference delayed after 5h) and remote (recall after 24h, recall after 24h + Interference delayed after 24h) memory groups occurred reconsolidation based stabilization. In group with immediate offline period (immediate recall+ immediate interference) occurred retrograde interference effect.

The Effect of Wells’ Metacognitive Therapy on thought control strategies Addicts of with Drug Abuse

Sheyda Sharifi

Purpose of this research was the effect of meta-cognitive treatment in group method onthought control strategies in addict man under methadone treatment. Among patients treated with methadone during methadone treatment center in Tarighat no of Tehran city on date Bahman to Ordibehesht 1393 ,30 persons were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups an experiment (n = 15) and group controls (n = 15) were assigned. The participants fill the questionnaires for thought control strategies Wells and Davies before training in method of meta-cognitive and after it. To examin the effect of Metacognitive training method, pre-test was subtracted from pos-testand the means of two experimental and control groups were compared using t-test. The results showed that there was significant differences in thought control strategies between two groups and he mean of the experimental group was lower According to the results about the difference between the control and experimental groups in receiving cognitive training intervention on the Addicts' mind control, it seems, this teaching can be effective in meta-cognitive of the addicts and as a result modify their thought control strategies.

Cognitive Appraisal Processes and academic Stress: the Moderting role of Sex and Culture

Omid Shokri

This study examined the moderating effect of cultural and sex differences on the relationship between appraisal processes with academic stress among male and female Iranian and Swedish university students. On a sample consisting of 212 students [112 Iranian (male 32 and female 78) 100 Swedish (male 29 and female 71)] were administrated the primary and secondary appraisal processes and Academic Stress Questionnaire. The results of multiple regression model showed significant positive relationship between primary appraisal and academic stress among Iranian students and nonsignificant positive relationship between primary appraisal and academic stress among Swedish students. Results also indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between secondary appraisal and academic stress among Iranian and Swedish students. Results also showed that there was a nonsignificant positive relationship between primary appraisal and academic stress and a significant negative relationship between secondary appraisal and academic stress among both sexes. Therefore, the relationship between primary and secondary appraisals and academic stress by sex was not moderated. In sum, these findings emphasize that for the purpose of prediction of academic stress the functional properties of primary appraisal were dissimilar and the functional properties of secondary appraisal were similar in two cultural contexts and the functional properties primary and secondary appraisals were similar in tow sex groups.