Search published articles
Showing 21 results for Library
Maryam Sarafzadeh, Soheila Alavi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present paper discusses results of a study which aimed to explore the knowledge and use of Online social networking by MLIS students in Iran and to explore their perceptions of using that technology for academic and professional purposes, and challenges they face for using them.
Method: The research method was explorative and empirical. Data was collected through a web-based survey questionnaire containing both open and close ended question. The link of questionnaire was emailed to MLIS students in Tehran. 113 students completed the questionnaire.
Results: The results show that 35 percent of respondents were not users of SNS. Internet filtering in Iran was identified as the major barrier on using SNS by MLIS students. Negative perceptions toward SNSs were identified as another big barrier for using SNSs by MLIS students. 22% of respondents felt that social networking would waste their time and some 14% saw on benefit on online social networking. 36% of respondents trusted very little to information released in SNSs. MLIS students were not sophisticated users of social networking sites. They have good level of skills on basic features of social networking sites. However, in more advanced features of SNSs such as privacy settings their skills seemed limited. Respondents to the questionnaire showed positive feedback on using SNS for academic and professional purposes.
Conclusion: There are several advantages for integrating SNS in LIS education. Preparing students for employing those technologies on their work places upon their graduation; increasing the employability of LIS students; reaping the educational benefits that SNSs offer and preparing students to teach social networking literacy competencies to others are some of the advantages of incorporating SNSs into LIS education. Authors suggest that skills to master online social networking must be taught in LIS education
Zeynab Ebrahimi-Milajerd, Nosrat Riahinia,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of observing the standards of indexing (ISO 999-1996, BS 3700) of Library and Information Sciences books.
Method: The study used descriptive-analytical methodology and the population consisted of all the Persian books, written and translated, in the field of Library and Information Sciences published from 2006 to 2012 with the back-of-book index. To collect the data, a checklist based on the indexing standards of ISO 1996-999 and B.S. 3700 was used.
Results: The findings indicated that among the 424 books studied, 26% had index, while 71% lacks it. Overall, the extent of observing the evaluation criteria in the book indices in the field of Library and Information Sciences was 56%.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the extent of providing the index for the books in the field of Library and Information Sciences has a relatively optimal condition compared with those in other fields. However, considering the purposes and applications of the field of Library and Information Sciences, the standards in the indices have been poorly observed. Time-consuming nature of indexing, lack of time and accelerating pace of publishing and offering books, economic issues, lack of expert human resources, and lack of enough knowledge about the significance of index are some of the obstacles for preparing the index for the books.
Faeze Delghandi, Ghasem Azadi Ahmadabadi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Interaction in a digital library help users locating and accessing information and also assist them in creating knowledge, better perception, problem solving and recognition of dimension of resources. This paper tries to identify and introduce the components and elements that are used in interaction between user and system in search and retrieval of information in digital library.
Method: This paper investigate the different studies in the field of interactive search of digital library by the library approach and also identifies capabilities that can be used in digital library by the use of heuristic methods.
Results: The components of identified, interactive search including: 1. Interaction before search including using directories, applying ontology, and filtering. 2. Interaction in the time of search including annotation, suggesting the interactive terms by the use of subjective thesaurus. Syndicate list, colon searching, filtering. Interaction after search: motion, fragment, copying, collecting, cutting, segmentation, probing, rearrangement, re illustration, searching, visualization based on graph, personalization and recommendation systems.
Conclusion: With perception of interaction and interactive search, the efficient design and evaluation of digital library can be done. The designers of digital libraries can use different interaction according their resources. Librarian also can familiar with different interaction and would be able to give their users necessary education until they can search and retrieval efficiently.
Elaheh Pakbaz, Morteza Kokabi, Zahed Bigdeli,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the library anxiety rate of post-graduate students at Shaheed Chamran University (SCU).
Method: Research was a survey of descriptive-analytical type that applying Van Kampen’s multi-dimensional scale, Translation and was the standard for the community. Population included all the post-graduate students (4422) at SCU. Sample size of 354 students was selected using Krejcie-Morgan table. Of 354 distributed questionnaires some 287 were returned (response rate of 81.07%). Data analysis was performed. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used (t-test and ANOVA) to determine the significant differences.
Results: Descriptive results indicated that the library anxiety rate is equal to 151.69 which indicates to be at the medium level.
Conclusion: Variables such as: sex age college attended educational level frequency of library usage, on library anxiety were studied. Level of education, and the frequency of library usage found to be effective on students’ library anxiety.
Aref Riahi, Nadjla Hariri, Fatemeh Nooshinfar,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Contrary to the fact that information must be accessible to all in every society, it is not obtainable for immigrants and refugees. The aim of this study is to find Information needs and the effective factors on information seeking of foreign immigrants in Iran and finding solution and presenting refining Policies.
Method: Mixed research method was applied. Participants selected from 12 provinces (384 immigrants), were all Afghan and Iraqi legal immigrants. Instrument was a researcher made questionnaire which its reliability and validity was tested and approved. Further, to identify most convenient strategies for immigrants information accessibility ten managers and Policy makers were interviewed to find refining policies.
Result: Findings revealed that most important social, cultural, political and health information needs of immigrants needs extended from: Job (4.02), religion (3071), borders, illegal and legal places (3.81), and diseases (4.05). Afghanistan and Iraq’s TV and radio (3.84) and educational institutions (3.85) had most significant role in securing the information needs of immigrants.
Conclusion: Study shows that the major challenges of Afghans and Iraqi immigrant are accessibility to information to solve Information needs. Substantial portions of these challenges might be resolved by suitable Planning and proper legislation. Also, Information providers could help immigrant by supporting humanitarian outlook and overlooking national origins of people.
Maryam Asadi, Hamid Mahdigholi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This paper seeks to explore the concepts of the information commons (IC). The paper provides a look at the models and characteristics of the IC. A number of projects of the IC are presented. We will discuss the situation of an existing traditional library. It makes recommendations for converting an existing library space into an IC. A number of Challenges of implementation of the IC are explored
Methods: This is a conceptual paper, so a library study approach was chosen.
Results: Academic libraries have undergone considerable massive changes over the past decade. These changes have faced the directors of libraries with difficulties and challenges in planning of the library activities. It seems that the emergence of the IC is adaptation to the changing role of the academic libraries. The IC is a relatively new concept in the Information and Knowledge Science. The IC is described as a portal through which students and faculty will access the vast amount of information resources in the world and less a place where information is kept, as focus shifts from ownership of information to access to and management of information and smart services. There are centralized access to services and technologies, contact with the users and collaborative learning play an important role.
Conclusion. No one knows what will the academic library of the future look like? Needless to say, it will be a constantly evolving information resource with knowledgeable and skilled staff that provides fast, flexible access to digital and print information resources, fosters scholarly research in a comfortable and supportive environment, and promotes cooperative learning. The IC is a first step in that direction.
Zeinab Sedighi, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam, Atefeh Zarei,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Purpose: Digital library user interfaces has a determining role in desirable performance of this kind of libraries. Digital Library service providers to the blind and deaf users will have their best performance when the users (deaf and blind users) could have a proper interaction with them. This study aims to evaluate and analyze the criteria related to user interface in digital libraries service provider to the blind and deaf users in the world.
Methodology: This is an applied and evaluative study. This study has been used library research method for extracting criteria and descriptive survey method for everything from evaluating library. A checklist consist of 13 criteria (Screen capabilities, Ability of organizing the screen, Search facilities, Links, Visual symbols and images, Options for customizing the texts, Help services and Tips, Error message alert, Interaction and feedback facilities, user interface Language, User controls, Library resources in various format, Study facilities of retrieved resources from the library) and 109 component is prepared. Then have been finalized by using the Delphi method and completed for each Library. 12 digital library service providers to blind and deaf user in the world perform the population.
Finding: Results of the study showed that the criteria of '' user interface language '' (with 97.92 %) and the criteria of '' user control'' (with 9.67 %) reached the highest and lowest scores respectively. Among the 12 digital libraries investigated worldwide, "Digital library for the blind" with respect 63.53 reached the maximum and "U.S. National Library Service for Blind" with respect 37.62 grasped the minimum levels.
Reza Basirianjahromi, Zahed Bigdeli, Gholamreza Haidari, Alireza Hajiyakhchali,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Gamification refers to the use of game elements in non-game contexts to motivate engagement. This definition is the most comprehensive one presented so far. The term was proposed first in 2002 but it has been prolonged 8 years to attract individuals’’ attention. Gamification has been applied in various contexts according to its capabilities. The current study aims to investigate the concept of gamification and its dimensions in library environment.
Methods: This study used review method as well as comprehensive and systematic study to assess the concept of gamification in accordance with library environment.
Results: The results showed that gamification dimensions could improve the library functions and users’ loyalty. This could help libraries to solve the “engagement crisis”.
Conclusion: Playful engagement is an important approach to help librarians to attract maximum audience in the new information landscape. To achieve this, gamification and its elements can play an important role.
Ali Akbar Sarparast, Fatemeh Nooshinfard, Fahimeh Babalhavaeji,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Volume 4, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify managers' viewpoints toward the status of components of the cybernetic pattern in academic libraries.
Method: This research was method by analytical survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 753 directors and librarians of the central libraries of Tehran and other cities. 250 People were selected by stratified random sampling and based on Krejcie and Morgan table (Powell, 2006). Data collection for this study through a questionnaire According to Byrne Baum (2003), the opinions of experts and specialists in this research. The 6-item questionnaire consists of monitoring and control, links, decision-making, hierarchy, and leadership, which are based on the Likert spectrum of managers surveyed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 software.
Results: The results of this study showed that all components of the cybernetic pattern have been considered from the viewpoint of the managers of academic libraries and have a good position in academic libraries. Among the sub-components of the cybernetic component, the sub-components of the social component with a mean of 36.16, the minor component of the graft, with a mean of 48/15, the subsystem of the causal circuit with an average of 7.75, the minor component of decision making sources with a mean of 49. 15, sub-component divided system by 12/12and cognitive component subscales with an average of 8.49 above the average of other sub-components of the cybernetic pattern in academic libraries.
Conclusion The results of this study showed that components of the cybernetic pattern have a good place in academic libraries, which can indicate the knowledge of the managers of academic libraries about the structure, goals, tasks, services and functions of academic libraries. According to the results of the research, it is advisable to pay more attention to the social role of users of the library in their library management structure in their interactions and to direct them, and to provide the basis for the commitment of human resources through social participation in the process of work and interaction with more management.
Mohammad Sarvari, Afshin Musavi Chilak, Soraya Ziaee,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Thinking is an active, purposeful, organized cognitive process which is used to mean the world. Successful thinking will solve the problems that we face with them constantly, make clever decisions, and achieve the goals we determin in our lives. Critical thinking is a process in which we examine our thoughts and opinions, and get a better understanding. Asking, analyzing and meaning are three processes that we examine our own thoughts and others, and, based on that, we make the best decisions that are in the subcategory of critical thinking, and there are several factors that can be applied to it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the critical thinking of librarians in the National Library of Iran.
Methods: 229 librarians from the National Library of Iran were selected by simple random sampling method and included the standard questionnaire of California's Contemporary Thinking Skills (1990) and the emotional intelligence of Nokia and Ayazo (2009).
Results: Data were analyzed by two-variable linear regression and Friedman tests. The results showed that emotional intelligence and its dimensions on the critical thinking of librarians from the National Library of Iran had a significant effect (p<0.01). The results also showed that among the effective dimensions of emotional intelligence, management of relations (with a mean score of = 3.05) in the first rank, self-awareness (with an average rating = 2.79), self-management (with a mean of = 2.12) ranked fourth in the third place and social awareness (with an average rating of = 2.04).
Conclusion: To mprove critical thinking Natioal Library staff require to enhance their emotional intelligence and social awareness factors.
Hamidreza Mokhtari Aski, Sirous Alidousti, Maryam Nazari,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Volume 5, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Myriad of IT projects failed in recent years. Digital libraries (DLs) as the product of the usage of IT in the library organization followed a similar trend. This paper studies the critical success factors (CSFs) of DLs in the context of Iran, with special focus on the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology. CSFs, in this paper, are those factors that if followed on a daily basis will result in the success of the DL.
Methods: The research approach in this paper is qualitative and the methodology is grounded theory. A non-probability snowball and theoretical sampling method was used for selection of eight DLs with their subsequent parent organizations and 29 interviewees. In addition to semi-structured deep interviews tool, direct observation by residing in the field, and field note taking were among other research tools for data gathering and analysis.
Results: Six CSFs "good leadership and management practice", "having suitable change plan", "recruiting and safeguarding expert manpower", "selecting suitable DL software", "correct selection of digital objects", and "correct organization of digital objects".
Conclusion: This research can be of value to the stakeholders who seek insights on the factors which would influence the success of digital libraries.
Mahmood Sangari, Hamidreza Jamali, ,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Understanding collaborative information seeking behaviour requires knowing about personal characteristics, differences between users, and the type of interactions occur during a collaborative behaviour. The aim of this study is to investigate dimensions of collaborative information seeking behaviour of graduate students of Kharazmi University when using a digital library based on easy and difficult task scenarios.
Methods: this was a mixed-method study with 60 (30 pairs) participant randomly chosen from graduate students of Kharazmi University (enrolled in 2017-2018). The sampling technique was purposive random sampling. Participants participated in a test based on easy and difficult tasks of collaborative information seeking using a digital library (Tebyan).
Results: the time spent interacting with peers or librarians was relatively short. Participants in difficult tasks mostly played the role of consultant. Most of information or help requests were of the type of procedural.
Conclusion: the results confirm the important role of librarians in collaborative information seeking and the feasibility of providing human assistant in digital library environment to support users.
Dr. Saleh Rahimi, , ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Technologies such as social networks have provided new opportunities for health and social interactions, and the promotion of attitudes such as the attitudes of health control and improving the health literacy in society. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of social networks with the health literacy of Ilam public library users.
Methods: The present study has used questionnaire based survey method. The statistical population of this study is 4696 users of public libraries in Ilam. Based on Morgan's table, 351 individuals were selected as sample size. The questionnaire was distributed by using of stratified random sampling method. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used by SPSS 19 software.
Results: The Findings showed that the components average of users in receiving health literacy information was at a sensible level and, due to the importance of those components, users began to utilize social networks in the field of health literacy. Also, the findings showed that there was a significant relationship between users' use of social networks and health literacy and the components (access, reading, understanding, assessment, application), so that by increasing the use of social networks, the health literacy of users increases as well.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that public libraries, universities and centers related to health cooperate so that held suitable conditions in social networks with the aim of experience sharing and expanding the level of health literacy of users by taking into account issues related to user information confidentiality and so that new facilities and conditions can be provided library users, institutions and planners in this field.
Mrs. Farnaz Mohammadi, Dr. Nadjla Hariri, Dr. Fatemeh Nooshinfard,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: A review of the National Library's clients' viewes on receiving reference services through mobile-based social networks.
Methods: First, through the documentary-library research method, the components of reference services were identified, then, by using a researcher-made questionnaire, the perspective of members of the National Library, was surveyed. Based on the average number of daily visitors to the National Library, the sample size of 217 people was selected based on Morgan's table as a simple random sampling and finally 147 returned questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and its Validity confirmed based on the opinion of 6 experts in library and information science.
Results: 98% of the members of the National Library are users of mobile social networks, and in addition to gaining news and family communication, 63% use it to retrieve scientific information. The average total component of reference services showed that subjects were willing to use this platform to receive reference services.
Conclusion: Mobile social networks have a scientific function for clients of the National Library, and they have already started using social networks for research purposes. From the users' point of view, these networks are a good communication channel for providing reference services, especially information literacy training and answering research questions.
Narges Neshat, Marzieh Moradian,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the quality requirements of the National Digital Library based on the Kano model and categorize users needs into three groups of: Basic, functional and motivational.
Methods: This survey was conducted with a qualitative approach. The requirements of the digital library were extracted using two standards: "Digiqual manual" and the "Digital Library Evaluation Manual." The requirements were adjusted based on Kano model in a questionnaire consisting of four categories and 52 pairs of questions (104 questions).
Results: The results of each of the requirements (basic, functional, motivational) in four dimensions (access control, content, data retrieval, and visual effects) show that half of the users' requests are in the basic requirements group which National Digital Library officials should pay more attention to and prioritize the redesign or development plan of the digital library. Also, the second priority was the requirements of the functional group. Paying attention to the requirements of this group causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction otherwise. Attention to meeting the motivational requirements of the third priority if met could create a high level of satisfaction in the use of the National Digital Library.
Conclusion: If clienteles satisfaction is of worth, managers of the National Digital Library should design short-term and long-term programs according to the users real needs.
Ph.d Student Nahid Amiri, Dr Nosrat Riahinia, Dr Sholeh Arastoopoor, Dr Mohsen Haji Zeinolabedini, Dr Dariush Alimohammadi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The object of the study was to Analyze IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM) Entities and Attributes for Iranian Traditional Music Resources, Case Study: Morq-e Sahar Song.
Method: The study inherits an applied content analysis method. All Entities and Attributes of IFlA LRM Model based on two checklists include: Final report of IFlA LRM on August 2017 and Transition Mappings User Tasks, Entities, Attributes, and Relationships in FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD mapped to their equivalents in the IFLA Library Reference Model Analyzed for Morq-e Sahar Song data elements. The research sample size involves Fifty different performances of Morq-e sahar Song.
Results: The results show that all the eleven Entities and the Thirty -Seven Attributes of IFLA-LRM except for Cartographic scale attribute parallels in Morq-e sahar song data elements.
Conclusion: As a first step, the results of the study in identifying conveniences of this model for organizing traditional Iranian music resources, realizing IFlA LRM Model’s Entities and Attributes which is appropriate in Iranian traditional music organization is operational. The results are also practical for experts of Information organization and designers of Information retrieval system.
Maryam Azimian, Ali Azimi, Nosrat Riahinia,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background: The study was conducted to achieve three axes of goals (users, publishers and the system) by way of objectives related to: A) Users - measuring the level of their satisfaction with Taktab system and also use of various methods of data retrieval; B) Publishers - Measuring the level of their satisfaction with Taktab system and also their expectations of the existence of a recommending arrangement in the Taktab system; C) Taktab system and assessment of the five components (facilities and services, equipment, finance, admission, knowledge and skills) in it as well as measuring the shortcomings of the recommending scheme in the system.
Method: A descriptive survey inspecting five components of feasibility for using Taktab system besides an analytical case study was used. In the study, 2 researcher-made questionnaires for users (50 actual users) and publishers (18 publishers available by sampling) as well as interviews, an evaluation and observation checklists were incorporated. The population was three groups of managers, information technology engineers and actual users of the Taktab system. According to the set objectives Excel software tables were used to describe the data and a chi-square test for checklist evaluation. Cronbach's Alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the opinion poll.
Findings: Findings could be used as a first step in examining the possibilities of the Taktab system, the level of users, interest and publishers, to create a book recommending system, and also the feasibility study of creating this system. Findings indicate that the use of recommender systems in digital library information retrieval can be a better way to identify the needs and interests and information resources of users and publishers and be an effective step to improve services in digital libraries. Focusing on the use of these systems can also be used as a new way for information organization professionals and designers of information retrieval systems to advance their goals in the age of technology and information retrieval.
Conclusion: The initial steps to implement the design of a recommender system and the executive structure related to this system have been created in it. Based on the result, in the Taktab structure, it is possible to design and build a book recommendation system.
Mrs Fariba Mirzaei, Dr Maryam Sarrafzadeh, Dr Mohammad Khandan,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Aim: today, digital literacy, as a set of skills that enable people to use digital space effectively for success in personal, educational and professional life, has become a necessity in all societies and public libraries are one of the most important providers of digital literacy education in the world. Digital literacy education has not been considered in public libraries in Iran. The first step in promoting digital literacy education in Iran`s public libraries is to design courses and topics that can cover a variety of this aspects of the phenomenon. Now, the boundaries of this content art not clear, and this research seeks to design a comprehensive framework to meet this need. The purpose of this study is to present a content framework for digital literacy education to Iranian public libraries users.
Methodology: this research is a qualitative research and it`s method is qualitative content analysis. at first, the courses provided by the public libraries of Iran Were reviewed and then content analysis of digital literacy courses was conducted in public libraries of developed countries. 16 libraries were selected from English speaking countries that hold digital literacy courses and share information on their websites by cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. To perform Delphi, Experts from the fields of library and information science and information technology, and public libraries professionals were selected.
Findings: 9 courses were identified and after compiling a questio0nnaire and preforming two Delphi rounds, these courses were reduced to 8 main courses and 37 sub-courses. These courses were included computer, internet, job management, information literacy, financial literacy, learning skills, effective communication skills and how to work with smartphones. Software courses were not considered suitable by specialists. This seems to be due to the different groups of society and the heterogeneous community of public libraries users and the experts do not see this as a readiness in the society to receive software related courses.
Conclusion: digital literacy education in Iran has generally neglected. Generally, digital literacy education in universities and educational institutions is provided in formal computer training courses. Libraries in general have paid very little attention to the issue of education. the first step in advancing digital literacy education in public libraries is designing courses that can covers the various aspects of this phenomenon. Educational content is also one of the sides of the education triangle (learner, educator and educational content). However today the boundaries of this content are not clear and this study try to design a comprehensive framework to meet this need.
Hojat Abadtalab, Safiyeh Tahmasebi Limooni, Mitra Ghiasi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Information security is of vital importance in most organizations. This is especially central in academic libraries due to the specific type of visitors, exchange and transfer of information to the users. Thus, the purpose is to investigate the relationship of the development of library software and information security management in the libraries of Islamic Azad Universities.
Research Methodology: This is a correlational study. Sample includes 240 employees of central libraries of the Islamic Azad Universities Iran, who participated in the investigation by census. Data was collected thru Ashourizadeh Information Security Management Questionnaire (2012) and a researcher-made questionnaire on system dynamics. Validity of the tools were confirmed and the reliability for information security management and system dynamics was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS and Lisrel software.
Results: Findings showed that system dynamics has five main factors: Information storage and retrieval; usability; security; standards and accessibility. From the employees' standpoint, the status of system dynamics, information security management and each of their components in the libraries of Islamic Azad Universities is favorable. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the development of library software and information security management
Conclusion: Findings will be useful in identifying the effects of developing the dynamics of library software system in information security management of libraries of Islamic Azad Universities in the country.
Saeed Ghaffari, Masoud Bakhtiari,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to propose evaluation criteria for assessing the user interface of national digital libraries for Payam Noor University. Payam Noor University's libraries have long preserved human culture and civilization, playing a significant role in the transmission of this culture through generations. As the main organization for a country's libraries, they must adapt to modern responsibilities to impact the development of libraries and information in the nation. Given the significance of designing a suitable user interface and the role of digital libraries at Payam Noor University, there is a need for research in this area. The study compares the user interface of digital libraries at Payam Noor University or selected digital collections with established criteria, identifying the richest library in terms of user interface within the studied community. The research questions include:
1. What is the status of each studied digital library regarding the 10 user interface criteria?
2. How well do the studied libraries adhere to the 10 user interface standards?
3. What is the best user interface recommendation for the digital library web pages of Payam Noor University libraries?
Methods and Materoal
The research uses a survey and descriptive method. The Norozi checklist (2018), which comprises 10 main criteria and 114 sub-components, serves as the research tool. A Delphi panel and descriptive survey method evaluate the libraries. Data collection is achieved through direct observation and scoring each component on the desired web page. The statistical population comprises 10 digital libraries affiliated with Payam Noor University in various countries. The final list of libraries was selected from those with English web pages, found through searches in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and the Pacific. The study's statistical population includes 10 digital libraries in America, Australia, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Japan, India, and Italy. The research used the Delphi method and involved interviews with 10 experts. Some digital libraries with only the home page in English or in a non-English language were excluded. Similarly, certain cases, such as databases masquerading as digital libraries, were excluded as they did not meet the study's definition of a digital library.
Table 1. Selected digital libraries
The purpose of this study is to propose evaluation criteria for assessing the user interface of national digital libraries for Payam Noor University. Payam Noor University's libraries have long preserved human culture and civilization, playing a significant role in the transmission of this culture through generations. As the main organization for a country's libraries, they must adapt to modern responsibilities to impact the development of libraries and information in the nation. Given the significance of designing a suitable user interface and the role of digital libraries at Payam Noor University, there is a need for research in this area. The study compares the user interface of digital libraries at Payam Noor University or selected digital collections with established criteria, identifying the richest library in terms of user interface within the studied community. The research questions include:
1. What is the status of each studied digital library regarding the 10 user interface criteria?
2. How well do the studied libraries adhere to the 10 user interface standards?
3. What is the best user interface recommendation for the digital library web pages of Payam Noor University libraries?
Methods and Materoal
The research uses a survey and descriptive method. The Norozi checklist (2018), which comprises 10 main criteria and 114 sub-components, serves as the research tool. A Delphi panel and descriptive survey method evaluate the libraries. Data collection is achieved through direct observation and scoring each component on the desired web page. The statistical population comprises 10 digital libraries affiliated with Payam Noor University in various countries. The final list of libraries was selected from those with English web pages, found through searches in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and the Pacific. The study's statistical population includes 10 digital libraries in America, Australia, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Japan, India, and Italy. The research used the Delphi method and involved interviews with 10 experts. Some digital libraries with only the home page in English or in a non-English language were excluded. Similarly, certain cases, such as databases masquerading as digital libraries, were excluded as they did not meet the study's definition of a digital library.
Table 1. Selected digital libraries
| Internet address | Name of the library |
| http://www.nla.gov.au/digicoll/ | National library of Australia (Digital collection) |
| http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html | Ntional library of America |
| http://gallica.bnf.fr/?&lang=EN | National library of France(Digital library) |
| https://www.ehelvetica.nb.admin.ch/pages/main.jsf | National library of swiss(Digital collection) |
| http://ndha-iki.natlib.govt.nz/ndha/pages/Bugs | Newzeland national digital herittage archive |
| http://www.polona.pl/dlibra?action=ChangeLanguageAction&language=en | National digital library of Poland |
| http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/en/homepage | Naional library of netherland |
| http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/ | National Diet Library (digital library of japan) |
| http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/ | Indian national digital library in engineering science and technology |
| http://www.iccu.sbn.it/opencms/opencms/en/main/bdi/index.html | Italian Digital ibrary |
Descriptive statistical methods have been used to analyze the data of this research. The basis of data analysis was the check list, whose scores are based on yes (1) and no (0). Also, due to the quality of some of the sub-components, it was possible that the studied libraries did not comply with them equally, or in other words, absolute presence or absence could not be applied to them. Regarding these components, in addition to two levels of zero and one, 50% of the average score has also been used. The score obtained by each of the studied libraries in relation to each of the components is multiplied by the average of the coefficients obtained (weighted average) by the components from the Delphi panel. It should be noted that the weighted average of each of the components is given in the relevant tables in front of the sub-components related to each of the ten criteria. In the selection of tools, after reviewing the researches, the research of Norozi (2008) was chosen as the basis and it was adapted for the current research by using other researches. In preparing the desired list, he first extracted the most frequent criteria and components after studying the available texts and sources in this field, and then using the opinions of experts and using the method of list verification. This list was used for the present study because it was more complete and comprehensive in terms of the number of criteria to be evaluated and the components mentioned in the field of user interface of digital libraries.
Resultss and Discussion
In the first question, the issue was addressed to what extent is the status of each of the studied digital libraries in terms of the 10 user interface criteria. Out of 10 libraries under review, 8 libraries have managed to get more than 50% points. Digital Library of America with 598/68 points (70.42%), France with 573.56 points (62.09%) and Switzerland with 569.07 points (61.59%) are in the first three positions respectively. have The digital library of Italy is in the last place with 50.366 points (40.14%).
In the second question, it was addressed to what extent each of the 10 criteria of the user interface is observed in the studied libraries. From the obtained information, it has been determined that among the 10 investigated standards, the standard of the user interface language has the highest level of compliance among the standards by obtaining 98.35% of the points of the standard. Another criterion that is in the next position is the criterion of simplicity. Compliance with the components of this standard also seems necessary in terms of facilitating the user's communication with the library in question. The criterion that has received the lowest possible score is the user control criterion, which has received only 6.70% of the score of this criterion. Due to the characteristic of digital libraries in eliminating human factors, there is a need for more consideration in this field. To answer this question, the average of all countries in compliance with each criterion is used.
In the third question, it was discussed that what is the optimal user interface proposal for the digital library web pages for Payamnoor University libraries. However, by looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria that are of interest on the website pages and special attention is paid to the criteria that are in the scope of the duties of digital libraries. is not included due to the definitions. As seen in the previous questions, the standard of interface language has had the highest level of compliance. One of the reasons for observing the components of this standard in all libraries could be the fact that the language of these countries is not English, and for this reason, for the convenience and interaction of the user, we have tried to observe the writing notes related to the pages. Also, observing the writing points and brevity of the sentences is one of the important and main categories in the design of web pages. A successful digital library is a library that, despite the complexity of its system, can provide information to users simply and with the least amount of time. Also, by providing different options and facilities, it makes the user unnecessary to go to the library and provides the maximum amount of information for his community. More than half of the studied digital libraries, in the design of their user interface, have observed the evaluated criteria at a level of more than 50%, which should be taken into consideration by the digital libraries of Payam Noor University.
Conclusion:
Digital libraries should be able to improve and accelerate information access methods. The existence of various components of search functionality facilitates this possibility. The existence of different search capabilities is effective in more user interaction. The interaction steps should be in such a way that the loading of the memory is low and short. Due to the fact that the information society is developing rapidly, the time validity of the information may also change rapidly, so one of the important things is to mention the date of updating on the pages of digital libraries. The non-activation of library links is another reason for the library not being up-to-date. Therefore, it is recommended to include the update date on all pages. One of the characteristics of digital libraries is self-service expansion, so appropriate library guidance helps in this goal. Another feature of digital libraries is the elimination of human factors. As a result, it is necessary to have options to ask the librarian. The digital library should be able to provide appropriate guidance to users to enable them to obtain the information they need in the desired formats. The use of a suitable combination of color, font, shading options to distinguish them from nearby options, the use of clear images and symbols, etc., all affect the user's understanding of the system, which has been observed relatively well in the studied libraries. But some options require more attention. Determining mandatory information entry fields allows the user to easily get the desired results, which, based on the findings of this research, has not been observed by any of the libraries. The use of graphics, sound and images is effective on the user's understanding and makes the environment more enjoyable. Personalization, because it identifies the user's needs and successfully solves them, establishes a satisfactory relationship between the user and the system, so in the design of digital libraries, one should be taken into account Users of a computer information system may be different in terms of physical and cognitive abilities, personality characteristics and cultural factors, and these differences should be considered in the design of user interface elements and features so that different groups of users can be satisfied with the computer system. None of the mentioned cases have been taken into consideration in the interface design of the studied libraries, which requires more consideration. Error correction criteria, although they are important for the user's interaction with the system and reducing the user's error during work, are very few in the interface design of the libraries. study, have been considered. The method of writing, announcing and designing error messages to attract the user's attention should be taken into account, considering the elimination of human factors.Users turning to the Internet due to the lack of enough time to visit libraries was one of the reasons for creating digital libraries. Digital libraries have facilitated and accelerated users' access to the required information in order to provide various facilities. But what realizes this goal is a suitable architecture and design in creating a digital library. If the needs of users, the type of society and other factors are taken into consideration in the design of digital libraries, it can be said that the library will reach the desired goals. Due to the fact that in the design of digital libraries, the discussion of user interface is very important in order to eliminate human factors, digital libraries should consider the features related to the user interface in their design. Due to the importance of this discussion, the user interface of different digital libraries need to be continuously evaluated. The present research also aimed to investigate this issue by: "Evaluating the user interface on the English web pages of selected national digital libraries based on the criteria found in the texts and sources". Conducting the research needed criteria so that the evaluation could be done through it. After examining the history related to the research in the field of digital library and user interface, it was observed that despite the studies conducted in the field of user interface, these studies were not conducted in a complete and comprehensive manner and different researchers each have only one or a limited number of criteria. had investigated in the field of different information systems. The only comprehensive work done was Norozi's doctoral thesis (2008) and the researcher finally decided to use his model in the current research. Then, all 114 desired components were evaluated by direct observation on the web pages of the libraries under review. By looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria and more than half of the national digital libraries under study, in the design of their user interface, have evaluated the criteria. At a level of more than 50%, it is suggested that the digital libraries of Payam Noor University also use these criteria for more success. Based on the findings of the research, in order to improve the user interface of digital libraries, suggestions are provided for Payam Noor libraries:
1. In addition to observing the general components of the search, it seems necessary to observe the specific components such as proximity search, related keyword suggestion, marking of the search results, in order to save the user's time. And this should be seen in the libraries of Payam Noor University.
2. The existence of the site map facilitates the use of the library for the user.
3. Information display criteria should be given more attention in order to make system information accessible.
4. Reducing the time spent by the user and attracting and maintaining the user need attention. Users expect the elements on the first page to be important, so the existence of a site map, and access to pages with many visitors, are among the necessities.
5. In the design of the user interface of digital libraries, in addition to the criteria that are considered in the design of public websites, special criteria should be given special attention.
Resultss and Discussion
In the first question, the issue was addressed to what extent is the status of each of the studied digital libraries in terms of the 10 user interface criteria. Out of 10 libraries under review, 8 libraries have managed to get more than 50% points. Digital Library of America with 598/68 points (70.42%), France with 573.56 points (62.09%) and Switzerland with 569.07 points (61.59%) are in the first three positions respectively. have The digital library of Italy is in the last place with 50.366 points (40.14%).
In the second question, it was addressed to what extent each of the 10 criteria of the user interface is observed in the studied libraries. From the obtained information, it has been determined that among the 10 investigated standards, the standard of the user interface language has the highest level of compliance among the standards by obtaining 98.35% of the points of the standard. Another criterion that is in the next position is the criterion of simplicity. Compliance with the components of this standard also seems necessary in terms of facilitating the user's communication with the library in question. The criterion that has received the lowest possible score is the user control criterion, which has received only 6.70% of the score of this criterion. Due to the characteristic of digital libraries in eliminating human factors, there is a need for more consideration in this field. To answer this question, the average of all countries in compliance with each criterion is used.
In the third question, it was discussed that what is the optimal user interface proposal for the digital library web pages for Payamnoor University libraries. However, by looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria that are of interest on the website pages and special attention is paid to the criteria that are in the scope of the duties of digital libraries. is not included due to the definitions. As seen in the previous questions, the standard of interface language has had the highest level of compliance. One of the reasons for observing the components of this standard in all libraries could be the fact that the language of these countries is not English, and for this reason, for the convenience and interaction of the user, we have tried to observe the writing notes related to the pages. Also, observing the writing points and brevity of the sentences is one of the important and main categories in the design of web pages. A successful digital library is a library that, despite the complexity of its system, can provide information to users simply and with the least amount of time. Also, by providing different options and facilities, it makes the user unnecessary to go to the library and provides the maximum amount of information for his community. More than half of the studied digital libraries, in the design of their user interface, have observed the evaluated criteria at a level of more than 50%, which should be taken into consideration by the digital libraries of Payam Noor University.
Conclusion:
Digital libraries should be able to improve and accelerate information access methods. The existence of various components of search functionality facilitates this possibility. The existence of different search capabilities is effective in more user interaction. The interaction steps should be in such a way that the loading of the memory is low and short. Due to the fact that the information society is developing rapidly, the time validity of the information may also change rapidly, so one of the important things is to mention the date of updating on the pages of digital libraries. The non-activation of library links is another reason for the library not being up-to-date. Therefore, it is recommended to include the update date on all pages. One of the characteristics of digital libraries is self-service expansion, so appropriate library guidance helps in this goal. Another feature of digital libraries is the elimination of human factors. As a result, it is necessary to have options to ask the librarian. The digital library should be able to provide appropriate guidance to users to enable them to obtain the information they need in the desired formats. The use of a suitable combination of color, font, shading options to distinguish them from nearby options, the use of clear images and symbols, etc., all affect the user's understanding of the system, which has been observed relatively well in the studied libraries. But some options require more attention. Determining mandatory information entry fields allows the user to easily get the desired results, which, based on the findings of this research, has not been observed by any of the libraries. The use of graphics, sound and images is effective on the user's understanding and makes the environment more enjoyable. Personalization, because it identifies the user's needs and successfully solves them, establishes a satisfactory relationship between the user and the system, so in the design of digital libraries, one should be taken into account Users of a computer information system may be different in terms of physical and cognitive abilities, personality characteristics and cultural factors, and these differences should be considered in the design of user interface elements and features so that different groups of users can be satisfied with the computer system. None of the mentioned cases have been taken into consideration in the interface design of the studied libraries, which requires more consideration. Error correction criteria, although they are important for the user's interaction with the system and reducing the user's error during work, are very few in the interface design of the libraries. study, have been considered. The method of writing, announcing and designing error messages to attract the user's attention should be taken into account, considering the elimination of human factors.Users turning to the Internet due to the lack of enough time to visit libraries was one of the reasons for creating digital libraries. Digital libraries have facilitated and accelerated users' access to the required information in order to provide various facilities. But what realizes this goal is a suitable architecture and design in creating a digital library. If the needs of users, the type of society and other factors are taken into consideration in the design of digital libraries, it can be said that the library will reach the desired goals. Due to the fact that in the design of digital libraries, the discussion of user interface is very important in order to eliminate human factors, digital libraries should consider the features related to the user interface in their design. Due to the importance of this discussion, the user interface of different digital libraries need to be continuously evaluated. The present research also aimed to investigate this issue by: "Evaluating the user interface on the English web pages of selected national digital libraries based on the criteria found in the texts and sources". Conducting the research needed criteria so that the evaluation could be done through it. After examining the history related to the research in the field of digital library and user interface, it was observed that despite the studies conducted in the field of user interface, these studies were not conducted in a complete and comprehensive manner and different researchers each have only one or a limited number of criteria. had investigated in the field of different information systems. The only comprehensive work done was Norozi's doctoral thesis (2008) and the researcher finally decided to use his model in the current research. Then, all 114 desired components were evaluated by direct observation on the web pages of the libraries under review. By looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria and more than half of the national digital libraries under study, in the design of their user interface, have evaluated the criteria. At a level of more than 50%, it is suggested that the digital libraries of Payam Noor University also use these criteria for more success. Based on the findings of the research, in order to improve the user interface of digital libraries, suggestions are provided for Payam Noor libraries:
1. In addition to observing the general components of the search, it seems necessary to observe the specific components such as proximity search, related keyword suggestion, marking of the search results, in order to save the user's time. And this should be seen in the libraries of Payam Noor University.
2. The existence of the site map facilitates the use of the library for the user.
3. Information display criteria should be given more attention in order to make system information accessible.
4. Reducing the time spent by the user and attracting and maintaining the user need attention. Users expect the elements on the first page to be important, so the existence of a site map, and access to pages with many visitors, are among the necessities.
5. In the design of the user interface of digital libraries, in addition to the criteria that are considered in the design of public websites, special criteria should be given special attention.
Related Websites
Site Keywords
نشریه, Academic Journal, Scientific Article, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره دو, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه دوVote
© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Human Information Interaction
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb