Human Information Interaction

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Background and Aim: The purpose was to analyze the effect of administrators professional ethics on teachers' ethical decision making by examining the mediating role of information literacy among teachers in the second district of Urmia.
Method: Study is a descriptive, correlational survey.  Population comprised of  982 teachers in District 2, of which 262 were selected by simple random sampling method using Morgan table. Instruments were: Ghasemzadeh et al.'s Professional Ethics Questionnaire (2013), Katl Ethical Decision Making Questionnaire (2003), and Davarpanapah DAS Information Literacy Questionnaire (2008). Validity (content, convergent and divergent) and reliability (factor loading, composite reliability coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the questionnaires indicated that the measuring instruments have a good validity and reliability.
Results: Results of hypotheses testing by SMART-PLS software,  using t-test and path coefficients (β) showed that professional ethics has a strong, direct significant effect on information literacy of teachers in District Two of Urmia. Also, professional ethics and information literacy have a strong, direct significant effect on the moral decision-making of teachers in the second district of Urmia. Then again, information literacy can play a mediating role in the relation of professional ethics and teachers 'ethical decision-making. Professional ethics may be used as a moderating variable to enhance the positive effect, information literacy has on teachers' ethical decision-making.
Conclusion: Managers through in-service training increase teachers' information literacy, subsequently creating an honest relationship with teachers to transfer ethics to them and participate in decision-making to prove responsibility and honesty in matters to them and in the result of school affairs is going well.

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Background and Aim: With the advent of technology and the use of social networks such as Instagram, Facebook, blogs, forums, and many other platforms, interactions of learners with one another and their lecturers have become progressively relaxed. This has led to the accumulation of large quantities of data and information about students' attitudes, learning experiences, opinions, and feelings about the teaching-learning process. Opinion mining is one of the growing applications of data mining knowledge which by discovering patterns and models in users' opinions could help higher education to well plan, make well-versed policies, and to have fruitful management. Therefore, the purpose is to describe the applications of opinion mining to advance the excellence of higher education in Iran.
Methodology: Research method is an applied qualitative one.    Population comprises of all the research and books associated with opinion mining that were available in reputable databases of  IEEE, SSCI, Elsevier, CIVILICA, and Science Direct during the research data collection period in the spring of 2019. Using the convenience sampling method, 35 articles were selected with the aim of reviewing and describing educational opinion mining and analyzing its application in higher education.
Results: Based on the studies, it was found that opinion mining can be used as an effective tool in three parts: 1. Improving student performance; 2. Designing better online courses; and 3. Evaluating the efficiency of the educational activities of universities, professors, and various programs. Therefore it can also help to recognize the existing shortcomings, strengths, and weaknesses.
Conclusion: Higher education can scrutinize the sentiments, opinions, and ideas generated by students through opinion mining. Exploring this valuable information enables educational institutions, principals, and educators to make more appropriate decisions in education and improve the quality of educational services which leads to the improvement of academic performance and better career choices for individuals.

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Purpose and background: One usually think of information as means to an end.  Despite the excessive worth of information - contrary to man's inherent need for awareness - some avoid information, favoring ignorance over knowledge. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the concept of information evasion, consequences and factors influencing it.
Methodology: The study was a systematic review of literature associated with information avoidance. Initially, terms such as "Information rejection," "Information escape,"  "Information avoidance,"   "Nonuse of information" were searched in the WoS and Scopus citation databases, as well as the Persian databases of Noormags, Sid, Elmnet, and the comprehensive humanities portal. MAXQDA software was used to study and analyze the literature.
Findings: Information avoidance is a set of selective behaviors and actions intended to stop, limit, and/or delay the search for, the encounter with, the processing of, and/or the use of unpleasant information. Information avoidance is multidimensional information. Various factors affect information avoidance some of which are personal, and some are environmental. Information avoidance has many types, including active and passive, comprehensive and selective, deliberate and defensive.
Conclusion: Some people avoid information by predicting the impact of information on their present or future lives. Information avoidance is still not well understood because a good deal of research has focused on information avoidance from a specific perspective. Although research streams cross at various points in terms of information avoidance. Given the harmful consequences of information avoidance, research policy should pay special attention to this issue so that, with the help of researchers in other fields, a solution can be found.

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Background and Aim: Considering the importance of customer behavior, the purpose of this study is to present a local marketing model with emphasis on consumers' attitudes to purchase Iranian products with a customer information behavior approach.
 Research Method: The method of this research was data-based theory and data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Also, the statistical population of this research has been selected from all prominent academic experts with a scientific background related to marketing management and consumer behavior, managers and experts of companies.
Results: The results of the present study show the extraction of 6 main dimensions and 32 pivotal components in the form of a paradigm model including guerrilla marketing as a central category and causal conditions (knowledge, skills and marketing), underlying factors (functional advantages). Brand and social responsibility, intervening conditions (power resources, learning-based empowerment, communication model, customer relationship and consumer nationalism), strategies (corporate communication, comprehensive strategic planning, branding, creativity and innovation, Public relations and advertising) and consequences (intensity of brand competition, resource allocation, brand perception, branding and brand credibility).
Conclusion: Guerrilla marketing needs open minds and new attitudes to create amazing vibrancy in the audience by destroying the monotony of advertising. It has also replaced experience and imagination with high advertising costs, which have been very effective and useful based on psychological positions. In this type of marketing, not only the sale of the product and service is important, but also the profit of the sale of these products is highly considered.

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Aim: There is a framework of the organizational cybernetics so-called Viable System Model (VSM) that identifies a viable management plan in all general key channels of information that need to be maintained. The purpose was to evaluate the constructive facets of the organization and identify areas of organizations cybernetics.
Methodology: Theoretical analysis method evaluates the VSM among the scientific articles published from 2000 to 2020, which are indexed in Scopus and ISI databases. Thus, of 180 articles, the abstract and content of 51 were reviewed.
Findings:  A viable system (VS) is composed of five interactive sub-systems which may mapped on aspects of organizational structure. The study of the organizations’ collaboration based on the type of environment among the selected articles stated that the highest rate of application of the VSM with 52.9% were in industrial units and then educational institutions with 21.6%.
Conclusion:  Understanding the structure and operational functions, evaluating the complexities of systems and its subsets and guiding effective mechanisms in achieving the goals and maintaining the sustainability of the organization are the most important advantages and achievements of the VSM with the organizational cybernetic approach. Using the VSM of software allows users to structure, design and review the system levels of organizations well.

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Aim: The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the use of enterprise social networks, the types of usage behavior and the consequences of using these networks.
Methodology: This is a descriptive study. The qualitative inquiries of previous researches in the social networking enterprise had been investigated by means of  meta-synthesis. A total of 470 found source of meta-synthesis process, 30 papers were consistent with accepted criteria.
Results: As a result of the combination of the findings, 52 codes and 10 main concepts (individual, organizational, social, technical factors and others related to the task, active use and passive use, consequences for the individual level, group level and organizational level) were identified. In conclusion, three categories were identified:  factors affecting use, usage behavior and consequences of use that the concepts of individual, organizational, social, technical, and others related to the task as factors affecting use, as well as the concepts of active use and passive use in the category of behavioral usage were classified. In addition, individual, group and organizational level were also classified as concepts related to the significances of use category.  Among the three categories, the category of factors influencing use has a greater share of the subject, and consequences categories and its concepts had less attention than the other two categories in preceding researches.
Conclusion: Organizations could employ  the results of this study to encourage more employees to use enterprise social networks and thus realize the significances.

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Aim: Scientific social networks were shaped as part of a set of social software and a platform for international interactions sharing the tangible and intangible knowledge of researchers. The purpose is to investigate the patterns and behaviors of knowledge sharing of researchers in Research Gate. Based on this, the question and answer system of this scientific social network was analyzed and reviewed.
Methodology: Method is applied descriptive survey with web content analysis approach. The community studied was the questions and answers provided in the Q & A system of Research Gate. Two subject areas were selected, 127 questions and 408 responses related to these two domains were analyzed and reviewed.
Findings: Findings showed that the questions raised in two domains examined in the question and answer system of the scientific network were conceptual questions and replies in both domains were often intangible, and the type of presentation are scientific vision and mental pattern.  Most of the inquirers were researchers from Asian countries with less than 5 RG rank.  While researchers from European countries - with an RG rank of over 10, have been posting answers and sharing their expertise.
Conclusion: Q & A systems are diverse, efficient technologies for sharing knowledge and enhancing international interactions among researchers  beyond the geographical and political boundaries, which has created a place for the reproduction of scientific disciplines in the world. The results according to Castells, speak of latent power of social networks and question and answer systems in knowledge sharing and widespread knowledge boundaries that facilitate transfer of experiences, thought and knowledge of researchers and provide fertile ground for science.

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Aim: The main purpose was to investigate the students’ information sharing behavior in social network sites with a qualitative approach.
Methodology: An applied research with qualitative approach - A Thematic Analysis method was used.  Population consisted of all the students at the Universities in South Khorasan Province affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology who had a  minimum of six months experience in using one of the social network sites such as: Telegram, Instagram or WhatsApp.   A non-probability (non-random), and a snowball sampling procedure was used and 17 persons were interviewed. The semi-structured type of interview was incorporated.
Findings: Results showed that most students’ information sharing was done on Telegram and Instagram, respectively. Eighteen primary codes were provided by  students as motives for information sharing in social network sites. These primary codes were categorized into two main categories (personal and social motives) and seven subcategories. Among all the primary codes of the two main categories, the sub-category of “net-surfing and entertainment” had the highest occurrence. For the types of information shared on social network sites by student, 24 primary codes were obtained. These primary codes were categorized into eight sub-categories and two main categories (knowledge and entertaining information). Among the sub-categories identified, the most recurrently shared types of information were “literary-artistic information” and “scientific-educational information”.
Conclusion: For surfing and entertainments’ own good - information sharing on social network sites could lead to admittance of valuable information. If properly planned, it may function as a suitable platform (available to diverse strata of the society, especially the students, at the lowest possible cost) to attain the best possible practice especially in educational settings.

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Aim: The purpose of the study is to examine familiarity and application of smart technologies {Radio-frequency identification (RFID),  Quick Response code(QR),    Near-Field-Communication Mobile (NFC)} on customer relationship management (CRM).
Methodology: An applied study collecting data via Stokić, Stojanović, Bogdanović, Despotović-Zrakić, Radenković questionnaire. Population consisted of 160  Public librarians  in Ardabil province.  Data analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficients. 
Results: With the advent of information technology, most library services have been transformed. Findings shows that understanding and application of smart technologies is at an average level and reception of smart technologies is in decent condition.  Librarians  have faith in   smart technologies and the level of productivity and efficiency of librarians from the components of intelligent technologies is at a higher than average and close to the desired level. There is no significant relationship between the components of the variable "Introduction to smart technologies" to non-smart phones and the component of service quality from the variable of customer relationship management. Also, there is a significant relationship between the components of "familiarity per smart technologies" with the components of user satisfaction and user loyalty of the variable of customer relationship management.
Conclusion: Using smart technologies, notably smart phone technology, improves customer relationship management in libraries.

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Purpose: Today, social networks and smart phones have become very popular. One of the interesting topics in the field of information science and cognition is the study of users' information behavior in mobile-based social networks. In this area, this study examines the role of psychological variables: communication Apprehension, Expression of the True Self, and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Instagram and Selfie use. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of communication Apprehension, Expression of the True Self, and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Instagram and Selfie use from the perspective of undergraduate students of Birjand University.
Methodology: This correlational study used 4 questionnaires "Communication Apprehension" (McCroskey, 1982), "Fear of Negative Evaluation" (Leary, 1983), " Instagram Use " (Lazebna, 2015) and "Taking a selfie" (Lazebna, 2015) (online) in a random sample of undergraduate students at the University of Birjand (357 participants).
Findings: Communication Apprehension and selfie use were significantly higher in women than in men. However,  there was no significant differences shown for  the other variables.  Instagram usage was above average and sending  and edited selfies were below average. The increase of most of the psychological variables investigated also showed the increase of use of Instagram, selfies and edited selfies. Also, with the increase of communication apprehension, the fear of  negative evaluation increased.
Conclusion: Review of the literature revealed that  there wasn’t any interest in the field of  knowledge and information science for the topic at the national level. Although, there were limited studies presented in the international arena.

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Background and Aim: Considering the importance of customer behavior, the purpose of this study was to present a local marketing model with emphasis on consumers' attitudes to purchase Iranian products with a customer information behavior approach.
Research Method: The method was grounded based theory. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Population consisted of managers and supervisors of Pars Khazar Company. Sample included 14 senior managers and supervisors and sampling had been done in two dimensions of theoretical sampling and snowball sampling. The basis for concluding the interviews was theoretical saturation.
Findings: Results show the extraction of 38 codes or basic concepts from interviews, 38 core categories and 20 main themes  which is in the form of a paradigm model including:  Consumer attitudes toward service innovation, cultural component and social component as  title of central category and causal conditions (knowledge, skills and marketing), contextual factors (advantages of brand attitude functions, social responsibility and attitude towards Iranian products), intervening conditions (sources of power, learning-based empowerment, communication model, Customer Relationship and Consumer Nationalism), Strategies (Corporate Communications, Comprehensive Brand Attitude Strategy Planning, Creativity, Innovation, Public Relations, and Advertising) and Consequences (Intensity of Competition, Resources, Perception of Brand Attitude, Credibility, and Evaluation of Consumer Attitudes) From the expansion of the brand name.
Conclusion: The results was used as a first phase in examining consumers' attitudes in buying Iranian products. Also, applicable to consumer behavior experts as well as prominent academic professionals with a scientific background in marketing management. Based on the results, courtesy to official’s knowledge and skills in   marketing would provide favorable conditions to improve consumers' attitudes toward Iranian goods.

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Background and Aim: Information Architecture is an organizational meta-method that adopts a tactical approach to the specialized information of the organization using an integrated framework and empowers the management of organizational resources by acquiring and upgrading new information technologies. Therefore, it is essential to be part of the current processes of the organization and the insurance industry.
Method: Mixed research method is applied, in which  evaluation,   observation and researcher experience, checklist, and analytical review of the website is analyzed.   Population is the Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran website, in which the four components of Information Architecture including organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems are examined based on context, content and user.
Findings: Conferring the research findings, the checklist score of the Insurance website for organization system is 17 points. Furthermore, the rates of positive answers to the total number of questions are 45.94%, 54.38%, 53.84% and 45.65% for organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems respectively. The results indicate that the Insurance website has a moderate to weak position from the organization and search point of view and has a moderate position in the labeling and navigation system.
Conclusion: Information Architecture provides the foundation of the information systems architecture from the underlying level to the interface level for the improvement and excellence of the organization. The checklist used in this research can be useful for evaluating organizational websites and provide added value to the organization, and also can improve the planning and strategic decisions of organization's policy makers.

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Purpose: Application of Information Technology (IT) in organizations, is influenced by a myriad of factors within the context of individuals, organizations, and the environment. These factors might facilitate or hinder the correct use of information technology in the organizations.   The main reason for organizations using information technology is to increase the organizational productivity.  So, recognizing factors contributing to the application of IT can be vital for any organizations.
Methodology: Method applied was Meta-analysis which was computed by Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA2) software. Findings of the previous research conducted in the IT application in Iran were scrutinized  with the aim of evaluating comparing the magnitude of each factor. 
Findings: Findings recognized 27 factors from 65 studies. Among the 27 effective factors in the IT application: IT skills, organizational structure, organizational culture, motivation and organizational environment had the highest effect. Gender, education, and age had the lowest effects. In order to simplify the findings, factors were classified in three groups:   individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors of which organizational factors had the highest effect size with  a score of 0.617 and individual factors had the lowest effect size with a score of 0.493.
Conclusion: Iranian organizations incorporating information technology must pay added attention to the dimensions of staff skills, organizational structure and employee motivation.

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Purpose: There are several metrics for evaluating search engines. Though, many researchers have proposed new metrics in recent years. Familiarity with new metrics is essential. So, the purpose is to provide an analysis of important and new metrics to evaluate search engines.
Methodology: This review article critically studied the efficiency of metrics of evaluation. So, “evaluation metrics,” “evaluation measure,” “search engine evaluation,” “information retrieval system evaluation,” “relevance evaluation measure” and “relevance evaluation metrics” were investigated in “MagIran” “Sid” and Google Scholar search engines. Articles gathered to inspect and analyse existing approaches in evaluation of information retrieval systems. Descriptive-analytical approach used to review the search engine assessment metrics.
Findings: Theoretical and philosophical foundations determine research methods and techniques. There are two well-known “system-oriented” and “user-oriented” approaches to evaluating information retrieval systems. So, researchers such as Sirotkin (2013) and Bama, Ahmed, & Saravanan (2015) group the precision and recall metrics in a system-oriented approach. They also believe that Average Distance, normalized discounted cumulative gain, Rank Eff and B pref are rooted in the user-oriented approach. Nowkarizi and Zeynali Tazehkandi (2019) introduced comprehensiveness metric instead of Recall metric. They argue that their metric is rooted in a user-oriented approach, while the goal is not fully met. On the other hand, Hjørland(2010) emphasizes that we need a third approach to eliminate this dichotomy. In this regard, researchers such as Borlund, Ingwersen (1998), Borlund (2003), Thornley, Gibb (2007) have mentioned a third approach for evaluating information retrieval systems that refer to interact and compose two mentioned approaches. Incidentally, Borlund, Ingwersen(1998) proposed a Jaccard Association and Cosine Association measures to evaluate information retrieval systems. It seems that these two metrics have failed to compose the system-oriented and user-oriented approaches completely,  and need further investigation.
Conclusion: Search engines involve different components including: Crawler, Indexer, Query Processor, Retrieval Software, and Ranker. Scholars  wish to apply the most efficient search engines for retrieving required information resources. Each   metrics measures a specific component, to measure all, it is suggested to select metrics from all three mentioned groups in their search.

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Background and Aim: The use of information resources is an important strategies in the selection of adaptation strategies to climate change by farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of information resources on the selection of adaptation strategies to climate change by farmers in Golestan province.
Method: The method is  descriptive  survey. Population included all farmers in Golestan province (N=124280). Sample of 383 farmers were randomly selected. Instrument was a questionnaire. Validity was determined by expert opinions.   Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α= 0.87 and 0.90).
Results: The most important sources of information used by farmers to choose adaptation strategies are television, social networks and personal experience, respectively. There is a significant relationship between farmers' use of information resources of: radio, television, meteorological site, telephone call, applied meteorological development system, agricultural extension agent, farmer's call, leading farmers, other farmers, family members, social networks, local beards, personal experience, weather forecast announcements, and members of the Islamic Council of the village and their use of strategies for adaptation to climate change.
Conclusion: Production of educational programs focusing on introducing strategies on television, creating and developing discussion groups,   exchanging scientific and personal experiences in the field of introduction and principles of using strategies in the form of social or virtual networks, continuation of production of educational programs with the focus on introducing strategies and developing and promoting it, using radio information sources, local elders, personal experience, weather forecast announcements, village Islamic council members, agricultural extension agent, farmer call, leading farmers, other farmers and family members, these are some of the measures that can be taken by farmers to use them

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Purpose: This is an applied research, with the aim of a comparative study of the presence and participation of Iranian and international researchers affiliated with the top scientific centers (Times Ranking 2020), in the Research Gate research network. Altimetric indicators, such as "RG score", "Reads", "number of registrations" and "number of research items" were considered.
Methodology: Survey performed with altimetric approach and analytical method. Sample of top 10 universities in Iran and 10 scientific centers around the world by Times Ranking  performance index of education, research, knowledge transfer, and international perspective done. First, a comparative study of the activities of Iranian researchers with one another, then of international researchers completed separately. Lastly, an analysis of the differences in performance amongst these two groups was performed by "Libre Office Calc" software.
Findings: Among Times top 10 international scientific institutes, the indicators of "number of registrations," "RG-score per member," "number of publications per member" and "reads" the highest rates were observed in researchers at Cambridge University in London, the California research center, and the California research center at Oxford university, respectively. Among the top 10 Universities in Iran, the indicators of "number of registrations," "RPG score per media member," "number of research copies per member" and "reading rate of research copies, "among the researchers with organizational affiliation to the Amir Kabir University of technology, Tehran University of medical sciences, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran university of medical sciences, the highest amount was observed. The total "average score per member" at the international level was 8.4 and at the Iranian level was 5.1. The "average reads" index for the top 10 universities or research institutes at the international level was 154990.2. The figure was obtained for the top 10 universities in Iran, 22736.1.
Conclusion: Researchers affiliated with top universities in Iran, compared to their international counterparts, have a stronger social interaction in terms of indicators of ResearchGate in activities such as "enquiring," "answering questions" and "suggestion." Although the difference between the number of research items shared internationally is more than 3 times that of Iran, but the average RG score is not seen 3 times that of Iran globally. So, the high RG score is not related to the number of research items on the ResearchGate. Also, comparative study on the presence and activities of researchers affiliated with Times top Universities in Iran and internationally could lead to better future.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the frequency and time spent in the use of search tactics and the effect of user characteristics and type of search task on the use of search tactics.
Methodology: A quantitative approach based on data obtained from Morayeh software used. Sample was 35 post graduate and graduate students majoring in humanities and engineering in Tehran. Four search tasks and scenarios designed based on Anderson and Crasswell classification provided as guidelines. Data were extracted from Morayeh software, that included the frequency and time spent using search tactics, effect of user characteristics and search task type. Data analyzed by ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between individual characteristics and the frequency and time elapsed for search tactics. However, female students spent more time using search tactics than male students, and despite the significant difference between degree and frequency and time spent searching, they used more tactics than senior students. Equally post graduates, spend more time than graduates in the search process. This is due to their familiarity with the search process and proficiency in searching with fewer tactics and achieving appropriate and less tactical results. Also, humanities students have spent more time in the search process than engineering students. This is probably owed to the greater search skills of technical and engineering students than humanities students. The effect of search task type on frequency and time spent in the present study shows a significant effect of task type on search process - frequency and time spent using search tactics.
Results: Considering the limited number of studies in search tactics application, the findings will be beneficial in clarifying the trends in the search process and identification of the frequency and duration of user application tactics. Identification of high-frequency tactics and large quantity of time searcher spends, information system support for the use of search tactics is suggested.

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Background: The study was conducted to achieve three axes of goals (users, publishers and the system) by way of objectives related to: A) Users - measuring the level of their satisfaction with Taktab system and also use of various methods of data retrieval;  B) Publishers - Measuring the level of their satisfaction with Taktab system and also their expectations of the existence of a recommending arrangement in the Taktab system; C) Taktab system and assessment of the five components (facilities and services, equipment, finance, admission, knowledge and skills) in it as well as measuring the shortcomings of the recommending scheme in the system.  
Method:  A descriptive survey inspecting five components of feasibility for using Taktab system besides an analytical case study was used.  In the study, 2 researcher-made questionnaires for users (50 actual users) and publishers (18 publishers available by sampling) as well as interviews, an evaluation and observation checklists were incorporated. The population was three groups of managers, information technology engineers and actual users of the Taktab system. According to the set objectives Excel software tables were used to describe the data and a chi-square test for checklist evaluation.  Cronbach's Alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the opinion poll.
Findings: Findings could be used as a first step in examining the possibilities of the Taktab system, the level of users^, interest and publishers, to create a book recommending system, and also the feasibility study of creating this system. Findings indicate that the use of recommender systems in digital library information retrieval can be a better way to identify the needs and interests and information resources of users and publishers and be an effective step to improve services in digital libraries. Focusing on the use of these systems can also be used as a new way for information organization professionals and designers of information retrieval systems to advance their goals in the age of technology and information retrieval.
Conclusion:  The initial steps to implement the design of a recommender system and the executive structure related to this system have been created in it. Based on the result, in the Taktab structure, it is possible to design and build a book recommendation system.

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Aim: today, digital literacy, as a set of skills that enable people to use digital space effectively for success in personal, educational and professional life, has become a necessity in all societies and public libraries are one of the most important providers of digital literacy education in the world. Digital literacy education has not been considered in public libraries in Iran. The first step in promoting digital literacy education in Iran`s public libraries is to design courses and topics that can cover a variety of this aspects of the phenomenon. Now, the boundaries of this content art not clear, and this research seeks to design a comprehensive framework to meet this need. The purpose of this study is to present a content framework for digital literacy education to Iranian public libraries users.
Methodology: this research is a qualitative research and it`s method is qualitative content analysis. at first, the courses provided by the public libraries of Iran Were reviewed and then content analysis of digital literacy courses was conducted in public libraries of developed countries. 16 libraries were selected from English speaking countries that hold digital literacy courses and share information on their websites by cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. To perform Delphi, Experts from the fields of library and information science and information technology, and public libraries professionals were selected.
Findings: 9 courses were identified and after compiling a questio0nnaire and preforming two Delphi rounds, these courses were reduced to 8 main courses and 37 sub-courses. These courses were included computer, internet, job management, information literacy, financial literacy, learning skills, effective communication skills and how to work with smartphones. Software courses were not considered suitable by specialists. This seems to be due to the different groups of society and the heterogeneous community of public libraries users and the experts do not see this as a readiness in the society to receive software related courses.
Conclusion: digital literacy education in Iran has generally neglected. Generally, digital literacy education in universities and educational institutions is provided in formal computer training courses. Libraries in general have paid very little attention to the issue of education.  the first step in advancing digital literacy education in public libraries is designing courses that can covers the various aspects of this phenomenon. Educational content is also one of the sides of the education triangle (learner, educator and educational content). However today the boundaries of this content are not clear and this study try to design a comprehensive framework to meet this need.

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Aim: The aim of this study is content and structural analysis of published articles in knowledge Management.
Methodology: The research method is analytical. The population encompassed all articles in the field of knowledge management indexed in the citation database of the Islamic world. Measurement tool is a checklist constructed based on research objectives.
Finding: Finding indicate that the utmost frequency is related to correlation research and the minimum is  experimental and combined research method. Also the maximum data analysis methods is descriptive-deductive and the least of that is another methods.  Most related to type of articles associated to research articles and journals. The most used research tool is the questionnaire. Co-authorship within the country is high. In contrast, it is insignificant at the international level. There is a meaningful relationship between the number, field and type of collaborations of authors and research methods used. 
Conclusion: Instigating collaboration between authors, especially international teamwork is the requirements of scientific production processes. Revising knowledge management researches is necessary due to the recurrence of research methods that similarly cause data analysis methods repetition in most research articles.