Journal of Theory & Practice in Curriculum

The Supervisors Life Experience of the New Program of Internship on the Teacher Education in Iran

Maryam Safarnavadeh

In the new internship program for Iranian Teacher Educaton Courses, a key role for the "supervisor" has been taken into account. This paper attempts to recapture the experience of living masters of the Guide, which has experience in implementing all the internship programs (1-4) that participated in its first implementation, through an interview with 26 people in 11 provinces of the country. The basis of this is the image of the internship program. The experience of this group shows that internship programs have been "accepted" and have been able to help develop student literacy competences, increase the ability of guidance teachers, and even improve the knowledge of guidance professors. However, the implementation of the first part of this program is accompanied by problems of implementation and support, and the professors of the internship guide believe that "the new internship program should be maintained" and, in some respects, "be amended".

Curriculum Theorizing: "Understanding Explanation" of Educational Experiences

Bakhtiar Shabani Varaki

Curriculum theorizing is the methodology of the theory development. We recognize, two approaches to curriculum theorizing; explanation and understanding. Explanation resemble the processes of theorizing like natural scientist does and understanding is an approach to theorizing with its personal engagement consideration, uniqueness evolve from the complexity of and unrepeatable educational phenomena. In this article, two main ideas, objectivism-reductionism, subjectivism-mystrianism and a branch of the second idea so called; conceptualism are examined. It is argued that all three ideas are corresponding with the explanation or understanding and so their deficiency in human life is determined. It is argued that neurophenomenology could be considered as a remedy for the fragmental deficiency and incompetence of the current dominant positions in curriculum theorizing. We called the neurophenomenology inspired theorizing as; "understanding explanation" and explain it in reference to the Varrellas, Varela's methodology of reciprocal constraints.

Investigating Mastery of Female Senior Elementary Students over Science and Mathematics: A Contemplation on the Selection of Curriculum Content in terms of Learnability Criteria

Seyed Ahmad Madani

In this research we investigated female elementary students’ level of mastery over science and mathematics content and explained the nature of relationship between students’ level of mastery and learnability of content in science and mathematics. 914 female students of public senior elementary schools in Kashan were recruited. The needed data for fourth and fifth graders were gathered through researcher-made tests; the data related to sixth graders were gathered through standard exams taken from the students of this grade in the end of semester. Content validity of tests was verified by connoisseur teachers in each grade and was confirmed by structural equation modelling. For explaining the quantitative findings, we implemented 9 interviews with experienced and expert teachers which were selected through purposeful sampling method. The main analysis revealed that students learning is significantly lower than the mastery level in almost half of the science syllabus and all of the mathematics syllabus.

Title: Deliberating on the Reference Characteristics of Language Arts Curriculum in the First-cycle of Primary School

Nader Salsabili

The main question of this study is that: “what are the reference characteristics of language arts curriculum in the first-cycle of Primary School on the base of theoretical framework and the related practices of some education systems in the field of language arts curriculum and instruction”. The subsidiary question is that: “from the viewpoint of Farsi language arts practitioners and language arts curriculum experts in primary school, which of these characteristics are valid and trustworthy for applying in developing the Farsi language arts curriculum in the first-cycle of Primary School. In the first step through a descriptive inquiry and research synthesis to study the theoretical framework and related experiences and practices in a few education systems, including: Japan, some states in United States of America and Finland, the reference characteristics of language arts curriculum in the first-cycle of Primary School and its consisted components are elicited.

The Method of Introducing Algebra In The Mathematics Textbooks In Different Historical Periods In Iran And Its Relation To The Organization Of Algebra In Seventh-grade Mathematics Textbook By The Mathematics Teachers

AhmadReza Nasr

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between algebra content formation in mathematics textbooks and the mathematics teachers’ current knowledge. Based on this aim, we have considered three subjects: 1. mathematics teachers’ current knowledge of algebra, 2. the beginning and presentation methods of algebra content on the number of selected previous textbooks and 3.the role of previous textbooks content in teacher knowledge forming. Research Methodology had been a survey, content analysis, and historical and documentary analysis. This study showed that the teachers' knowledge and teaching methods do not coincide with the algebra content of the current seventh-grade mathematics textbook, and about 30% of teachers’ knowledge is based on the experiences of the previous textbooks.

The Challenges of Implementing Descriptive Evaluation for Mathematics at the Elementary School from Teachers’ Perspective

Morteza ءortazavi

The present study aimed at identifying the challenges of “descriptive evaluation” program launched by the Ministry of Education in Iran in 2004, nationwide. The research was designed through employing qualitative approach and phenomenography to better understand the challenges which elementary teachers had with evaluation of “mathematics” as one of the subject matters. The participants of the study were 24 elementary teachers who voluntarily participated in this study. The data were collected through semi- structured interviews, a focus group and researchers’ field notes and their interactive discussions about interviews and focus group. Four main categories of challenges were identified: “policy- making”, “executive- education”, “conceptual” and “social- cultural”. It is concluded that a clearer picture of challenges that elementary teachers encounter with this program while teaching mathematics needs to be presented. It is necessary for policy- makers and planners to find more rational solutions for these challenges.

Promotion of West-Azarbaijan technical-professional schools as entrepreneurial organizations based on paradigmatic model derived from grounded theory

Niloufar Mortazanejad

The study aimed to design an appropriate model for entrepreneurship implementation in technical-professional schools of West Azerbaijan province. The research method, was qualitative based on grounded theory. So, the systematic approach of grounded theory was used along with comparative study, document inquiry, and research findings. Finally triangulation of resulted data and semi-structured interviews implemented. Sampling method was purposeful and continued until data saturation that ended with 12 interviewees. Finally there was an appropriate model including six main categories with subcategories and concepts; the significance of factors such as: inward, outward and demographical changes, cooperative actions, individual traits, organizational, economic, and cultural facilitators, motivation and attitude, human resources, , work force, policy making, space and possibilities' challenges were confirmed. It is recommended to define the policies regarding production and fundraising in technical-professional schools more flexible and regard to local needs and facilities.

Title Design, implementation and evaluation of e-learning based on Paradigm 3 and Paradigm 4 of Kashman's theory and their comparison (in terms of academic achievement, motivation and satisfaction of medical education students).

hashem fardanesh

The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate e-learning based on the third and fourth Paradigms of Kashman's theory. The research method was quasi-experimental and mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti Medical Education Faculty of Tehran was selected by sampling method available to students of medical education. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of satisfaction, motivation and period test. Their reliability was calculated 86%, 86% and 83%, respectively. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using multi-variable covariance analysis, Tukey post hoc test and maxquda12 software. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the design was based on the third and fourth paradigms in comparison with the existing methods from the viewpoint of the students of the medical education faculty in all three variables of development, motivation and satisfaction.

Underground curriculum in the field of ethnicity in Iranian educational system

Kourosh Fathi Vajargah

This paper aims to explain the underground curriculum in the field of ethnicity and provide its practical evidence from the Iranian schools. This paper follows a qualitative research method According to the results of this research, when ethnic groups do not have a proper position in formal curricula, and in many cases, there is a cultural humiliation of subcultures, in other words, when cultural occupation takes place in schools, in such circumstances, Ethnicity is considered as one of the main areas for the formation of underground curricula. Also, based on the data analysis, seven main themes related to this research are: Preference for mother tongue on formal language, ethnicity bias of teachers and students, opposition to the content of formal curriculum, the use of ethnic symbols in schools, the spread of ethnic music and their symbols in schools, humiliation Other ethnic groups and expansion of separatist ideas.

Explaining Curriculum Components for the Empowerment of Mentally Retarded ‎Children (Synthesis Inquiry)‎

adel alipoor

The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of the curriculum for job empowerment of mentally retarded children. The applied approach is qualitative and research synthesis, which was done. The results of this study showed that the general objectives of teaching mentally retarded children can be categorized into four categories: the comprehensive development of mentally retarded children; the establishment of useful and effective relationships with others; the acceptance of social responsibility; the economic adequacy; and, consequently, the content of the curriculum content for children Subjective mental retardation was presented. Also, the results showed that only one teaching method cannot meet the needs of the mentally retarded children in a comprehensive manner, so teachers can use different teaching methods and the method of functional measurement with the evaluation of effective reference criteria is the most effective method of evaluating the knowledge gained by these children.

ارزیابی برنامه کارورزی دانشگاه فرهنگیان از منظر تجارب جهانی

Soghra Maleki

هدف این مطالعه تطبیقی ، ارزیابی برنامه کارورزی دانشگاه فرهنگیان(برنامه قصد شده) از منظر تجارب جهانی بود. بدین منظور عناصر این برنامه به تفکیک، با عناصر برنامه کارورزی سه کشور استرالیا، کانادا و سنگاپور مقایسه و سپس تحلیل شد. این مطالعه که با روش تطبیقی و بهره گرفتن از الگوی بردی، در مرحله ای و روش تحلیلی استنباطی در مرحله ای دیگر انجام شده است، نشان داد برنامه کارورزی سه کشور سنگاپور، کانادا و استرالیا با وجود پراکندگی فرهنگی،جغرافیایی و ...، در بسیاری از عناصر، نزدیکی زیادی با هم و برنامه کارورزی ایران (دانشگاه فرهنگیان) اختلاف زیادی با آن ها دارد. این اختلاف ها در بخش اهداف، محتوا، تعیین نقش و مسئولیت معلمان راهنما، عنصر زمان و ارزشیابی بسیار بارز است.

Experience and the meaning of a good life in an informal curriculum (Case: Instagram)

yahya Ghaedy

In the new perspectives of the curriculum, informal and lived experiences of students are as valuable as formal and planned experiences. The main purpose of this research is to examine the experience and meaning of good life in informal curriculum. To this purpose, the experience and meaning of a good life for students through Instagram mediation were examined. To achieve this goal, grounded theory method was considered appropriate and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 female high school students in Izeh city. Findings in nine categories: celebrity, extremes and imitation, pleasant mental feeling, flow experience, academic failure, family relationships, physical and mental harm, finding a career path and gaining skills and four conceptual classes of orientations, behaviors, experiences And the performances.it represents a experience and meaning hedonistic and preference-satisfaction of good life for students.