SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی
Literature & Humanities
http://serd.khu.ac.ir
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1395
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gregorian
2016
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تحلیل فضایی و سنجش کمّی شاخص های مسکن روستایی ایران
Spatial Analysis and Quantitative Assessment of Rural Housing Indicators in Iran
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; "><strong>سکونتگاههای روستایی به عنوان چشمانداز فرهنگی، حاصل از تعامل بین انسان و محیط در طی فرآیندهای متأثر از عوامل و نیروهای درونی و بیرونی دچار تغییر و تحولاتی در بافت کالبدی </strong><strong>–</strong><strong> فضایی (خصوصاً در ابعاد مسکونی) خود شده است؛ این امر موجب پدید آوردن مسائل و نارساییهای بسیاری برای زیست و ادامه سکونت در این فضاها شده است. در </strong><strong>این راستا پژوهش حاضر، با استفاده از روش­های اسنادی- تحلیلی و رویکرد کاربردی حاکم بر آن، به دنبال روشن ساختن تفاوتهای منطقهای و سطح­بندی نواحی همگن در زمینه ابعاد گوناگون مسکن (بهداشتی- درمانی، زیربنایی-رفاهی، تسهیلات و تأسیسات، استحکام و سازه) در مناطق روستایی ایران بوده است. برای این منظور، از روشهای تحلیل عاملی و تکنیک تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره تاپسیس فازی برای وزن­دهی و برای تفسیر نتایج، به تهیه نقشههای مربوطه با از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی اقدام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد؛ مناطق روستایی استانهای مازندران (467/0)، اصفهان (464/0)، البرز (455/0) و تهران (449/0) بالاترین سطح برخورداری و مناطق روستایی استانهای سیستان و بلوچستان (265/0)، خراسان جنوبی (267/0)، هرمزگان (267/0) و کرمان (270/0) در پایین­ترین سطح از حیث</strong> <strong> برخورداری از شاخص­های مسکن روستایی قرار دارد. همچنین استانهای کشور در زمینهی شاخص­های ذکر شده، تفاوت معناداری با</strong><strong> یکدیگر دارند و سطح برخورداری استان­ها در این زمینه با یکدیگر برابر نیست؛ بنابراین لازم است </strong><strong>در</strong> <strong>جهت</strong> <strong>هدایت توسعه­ی</strong> <strong>آتیه</strong> <strong>این</strong> <strong>روستاها</strong> <strong>به سوی</strong> <strong>توسعهای</strong> <strong>پایدار</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>رهایی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>مشکلات</strong> <strong>موجود،</strong> <strong>برنامهریزیهای</strong> <strong>مؤثر و عملی</strong><strong> در جهت بهبود وضعیت توزیع فضایی مسکن </strong><strong>در</strong> <strong>این</strong> <strong>سکونتگاهها</strong> <strong>انجام</strong> <strong>گیرد </strong><strong>و مناطق سطوح پایین نسبت به مناطق سطوح بالاتر، بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گیرد.</strong></p>
<p dir="RTL"></p>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Housing has been one of the most essential needs of human life for a long time and it is </span>one of the most important symbols of civilization and culture. Providing a shelter which is safe and secure is everyone’s ambition and to reach to this aim, human beings have used many different methods and technologies to improve the quality and quantity of housing. Through time passage and change of structure and function and also through meeting new requirements, if physical texture which is a symbol of biological and cultural way of living could not accommodate with time and place conditions of that society, this problem causes lack of development and as a result, leads to physical chaos. These spatial developments in rural environment, problems and the resulted failures in settlement methods and following that effects of urban environments on spatial-physical texture of villages have caused many changes. Therefore, to reach to the optimal condition in spatial dimension, codification of a comprehensive plan in housing sector requires recognition and analysis in vast dimensions and awareness of quantity status of housing indicators in regional planning process. So, reaching to an optimal condition in housing, as a developmental indicator is essential. This study aims to study rural housing indicators throughout the country in different dimensions (infrastructural and facilities dimension, structural strength and health facilities) and tries to determine their spatial levels; after recognizing the differences between regions, this study provide solutions for improvement of effective factors to blur spatial inequalities.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Methodology</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">This study is a theoretical-practical study and uses a descriptive-analytical method. For </span>data collection, documentary method has been used.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Data includes the results of general census of population and housing in 1390 according to each province separately. 41 variables are studied in this study and they are classified according to four general indicators. Following that, for giving weight to criteria, 20 experts commented and statistical analysis has been done by using factor analysis model and Fuzzy TOPSIS model. 41 variables are classified according to four main indicators including infrastructure and facilities, structural strength, facilities and heath care </span>facilities).</div>
<strong><span class="fontstyle0">Discussion and Conclusion</span></strong>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle2">In the process of determining spatial level, recognizing and analyzing the facilities, </span>obstacles, it is important to determine the development level of the regions regarding the level of satiation and deprivation. Basically, to reach development, determining spatial level is considered as a fundamental change and its realization is related to coordination between different dimensions. Because the studied issue is very important, this study considers the related indicators using Fuzzy TOPSIS model and factor analysis method; according to the studies and calculations it is proven that rural residents in Iran’s provinces have a type of inequality. In other words, spatial distribution is not equal in all residents; because in rural regions of the following provinces are at the highest level of satiation: Mazandaran (0.460), Isfahan (0.464), Alborz (0.455) and Tehran (0.449); rural regions of the following provinces are at lower level of satiation regarding the rural housing indicators: Sistan and Baluchestan (0.265), South Khorasan (0.267), Hormozgan (0.267) and Kerman (0.270). Therefore, codification of a comprehensive plan for housing, especially rural housing, requires complete recognition and deep analysis in vast dimensions about housing and factors that affect it. It should be said that although these indicators are key elements in determining the quality and quantity of housing and each indicator has a special position in housing planning system, but existence of each indicator is not the necessary condition for improving the quantity level of housing. So in discussing about housing quality, sufficient conditions require that all indicators be together. Generally, the status of housing indicators in some provinces create various social and cultural problems in micro and macro level of the society, so precaution and support are the best strategies in this matter. So, for directing future development in these villages toward a sustainable development and putting the existing problems away, it is necessary to implement effective and practical planning to improve housing status in these residents; and less developed regions should be considered more than more developed ones.</div>
تحلیل فضایی, مسکن روستایی, ایران.
Spatial Analysis, Rural Housing, Iran.
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http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-25&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Saeid
Maleki
سعید
ملکی
hossinireza21@yahoo.com
10031947532846001819
10031947532846001819
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Associate Prof., in Geography & Urban Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. Iran.
دانشیار و عضو هیأت علمی برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران.
Seyyed Reza
Hosseini Kahnoj
سیدرضا
حسینی کهنوج
10031947532846001820
10031947532846001820
Yes
MSc. Student in Geography and Rural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. Iran.
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران.
Elham
Vesi
الهام
ویسی
hossinireza21@yahoo.com
10031947532846001821
10031947532846001821
No
MSc. Student in Geography and Rural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. Iran.
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران.
Pirooz
Rahmani Lir
پیروز
رحمانی لیر
hossinireza21@yahoo.com
10031947532846001822
10031947532846001822
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MSc. Student in Geography and Rural Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. Iran.
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران.