Showing 239 results for Type of Study: Research
Mr Kourosh Dehghan, Dr Khosro Jalali Dehkodi, Dr Farzaneh Taghian, Dr Mehdi Kargarfard, Dr Bahram Abedi,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, and various factors such as low body mass index and lack of physical activity are involved in the occurrence of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of circular resistance exercises, whole body vibration and their combination on 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone mineral density and functional factors in elderly people with osteoporosis. In a randomized controlled experiment with a pre-test-post-test design, 60 elderly men with osteoporosis with an age range of 65-78 years were randomly divided into four exercise groups: Circular resistance training (CRT, n=15), whole body vibration training (WBVT, n=15), combined (CRT + WBVT, n=15), and control (n=15). CRT with an intensity of 30 to 60% of the maximum repetition strength (1RM) was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. WBVT were performed in the form of 10 combined lower body and upper body movements with a frequency intensity between 25 to 45 Hz, an amplitude of 5 to 8 mm, and a time of each movement of 60 to 100 seconds, While the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. Body composition variables include; Fat-free weight (LBM), soft tissue weight (SLM) and skeletal muscle weight (SMM) using Body Composition Analyzer, bone density measurement using DEXA test and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 before and after the last training sessions. Data analysis was done by using paired sample t-test and analyze of covariance (ANCOVA) at a level less than 0.05. After 12 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement in BMD, balance, coordination, muscle strength, lean weight and skeletal muscle weight was observed after CRT and CRT + WBVT exercises in comparison with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in the variables of weight, body mass index, lean weight, soft tissue weight, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), BMD, balance, hydroxyvitamin D3 (p> 0.05). The findings of the current research show that performing CRT, WBVT and CRT + WBV exercises as a non-pharmacological treatment method can cause a significant increase in bone density and functional indicators of elderly men and has no effect on the hormonal indicators of elderly men with osteoporosis. Further studies with long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings.
Mr Mojtaba Sadeghi, Dr Hamid Rajabi, Dr Farzad Nazem,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was determine the effect of upper body plyometric training on anaerobic power and record of 25 meters front crawl performance in 10 years old swimmer boys. 16 swimmer boys chosen voluntarily (The mean age was 9.9 ± 0.7 years ، weight 45.9 ±9 kg , Height 149.8 ± 5 cm، BMI is 19.20 ± 3 Kg / m 2 ) And Subjects divided into two groups of training (n=8) and control(n=8).Before and after the implementation of the protocol investigate test 25 meters front crawl performance at the distance 10, 20 and 25 metrs and the number of hand strocke to check the performance of the swimming also anaerobic hand wingiting test function was evaluated. To analyze data, used the covariance test.The results showed six weeks upper body plyometric training Performance Indicators an hands Front crawl Including Peak power increased Significantly (18%) but the average power increase (7%) was not significant (p>0.05). Also, Swimming performance at of 10 meters) 8% (,10 to 20)6%( and 25 meters distance( 3/80%) growth in compare to control group that was significant(p <0.05) As well as in the number of hand strocke, Plyometric training group although had growth in swim 10 meters (11%), 10-20 meters (7.5%) and in 25 meters distance (5.33%) but the isnt significance (p>0.05). results indicate that six week upper body plyometric traning to an increase and improvement in the measured parameters, and can be used as a complementary training method in young swimmers.
Mr Mojtaba Iranmanesh, Dr Mansour Sahebozamani, Dr Mohammadreza Amir Seifadini,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The shoulder complex as one of the most moving joints of the body frequently was used by overhead sports athletes. Thus, musculoskeletal screening such as assessment of the range of motion (ROM), and strength variables can be useful to injury prevention strategies and further the development of conditioning and rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study is to compare selected variables and the ratio of ROM and strength in volleyball, handball, and badminton players. A total of 36 athletes with similar physical characteristics (volleyball: age=26.65±4.56 y, weight=91.07±7.91 kg, height=185.14±12.25 cm; handball: age=27.29±3.12 y, weight=90.11±6.38 kg, height=183.52±9.67 cm, and badminton: age=26.01±4.29 y, weight=87.85±4.59 kg, height=182.38±10.74 cm) were selected to participate in the current study. A Leighton flex meter and hand-held dynamometer were used respectively to measure the ratio of ROM and strength.The results showed that the mean ratio of external(ER) strength to internal (IR) strength and ER ROM to IR ROM were significantly different between the three groups. The post hoc test revealed that badminton athletes had significant differences in all of the measured variables to both volleyball and handball athletes. But there were no differences between volleyball and handball athletes.In conclusion, preseason screening is vital in achieving optimal values on these measures and may reduce future shoulder injuries in overhead athletes.
Ms Faezeh Gholami, Dr Manouchehr Haydari,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Mental fatigue is usually caused by long-term cognitive activities; in a way that reduces cognitive performance and leads to changes in functional activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a session of Swedish relaxation massage and meditation in controlling mental fatigue on reactive balance and Lower extremity function of amateur athletes. In this study, 16 female physical education athletes were purposefully selected as a sample based on the study entry criteria, and were subjected to mental fatigue protocol (45 minutes of cognitive activity (Stroop test)), Swedish relaxation massage (30 minutes) and meditation (30 minutes) with a time interval of 48 hours. Reactive balance was evaluated with Y test with automatic lights and, Lower extremity function was evaluated with single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, meter-6 and hop crossover-triple distance tests. Repeated analysis of variance test was used to check intra-group changes.The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of reactive balance and lower limb performance of the subjects when comparing the post-test of mental fatigue with the post-test of massage and meditation (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between the subjects' scores comparing massage and meditation for reactive balance and body function (P<0.05).In order to prevent sports injuries in athletes, Swedish relaxation massage and meditation can be used as an intervention to speed up the recovery of mental fatigue and improve reactive balance and body function.
Dr Ramin Balochi, Dr Farideh Babakhani, Dr Mohamadreza Hatefi, Mr Hossien Hassanpor,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of core stability exercises on upper limb performance based on Y balance test, strength and range of motion of shoulder rotation in badminton athletes. 30 male badminton players were randomly assigned to two control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed the core stability training program for eight weeks, three sessions a week for 40 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Measurement of upper limb function was done by Y balance test, and also shoulder strength and internal and external rotation range of motion were measured by handheld dynamometer and goniometer respectively, before and after the intervention. The analysis of the data obtained from the research based on the ANCOVA statistical test showed that there is a significant difference in the average of the Y upper limb balance test between the two control and experimental groups in both dominant and non-dominant hands. which indicates the positive effect of core stability exercises on people's performance in performing the Y balance test (p<0.05); however, no statistical difference was observed in muscle strength and range of motion of external and internal rotation of the shoulder after the intervention. (p < 0.05). It seems that the provision of core stability training programs can be considered with the approach of increasing the performance of the upper limbs and, of course, preventing injuries in badminton players.
Dr Seyed Kazem Mousavisadati, Ms Sima Nazari, Dr Keyvan Molanorouzi,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of snorkeling on teaching basic swimming skills in non-swimmer children and teenagers with fear of water. This research was an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The participants were 30 children (8.95±0.64 years old) and 30 teenagers (15.06±0.71 years old) non-swimmers who were afraid of water, and the participants of each group were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After participating in the pre-test of skills of entering the water, opening the eyes in the water, gliding, orientation in the water and movement in the water and breath holding, all four groups entered a 20-session course of swimming training, so that the experimental group with snorkel and the control group without snorkel were taught basic swimming skills by an instructor. Then all four groups participated in the post-test. The data were analyzed by two-factor multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Benferoni's post hoc test. The results of the findings show that the main effects of age were not significant, but the main effects of training and the interactive effects of age and training were significant. Using a snorkel in children and teenagers did not have a significant effect on the skill of entering the water, opening the eyes in the water, but it had a significant and positive effect on the skills of gliding, orientation in the water and movement in the water. Also, the use of snorkel in children and teenagers had a significant and negative effect on breath holding skill. Considering that the results of the present study show the positive effects of using a snorkel on learning the skills of gliding and orientation in water and moving in water and its negative effect on breath holding skill in children and teenagers, it is recommended that the instructors who use snorkel to acclimatize children and teenagers to the water, provide additional training to improve the skill of holding their breath.
Mrs Sedigheh Nosrati Abarghoee, Mrs Fatemeh Nematian, Dr Roohangiz Norouzinia, Mrs Fatemeh Edalat, Mrs Dorrin Nikbakht,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Nurses, especially nurses in the intensive care unit, experience significant job stress that can endanger their health and cause a decrease in their sleep quality and happiness, and as a result, the quality of care for patients, and considering that the working conditions of the nurses in the intensive care unit Especially, it is in a way that increases emotional pressure and sad mood. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of online Pilates exercise on the quality of sleep and happiness of nurses in the intensive care unit.
The study was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with two intervention and control groups and was conducted on 70 female nurses with an average age of 30.14±3.26. The intervention was held online in 8 sessions (3 sessions per week, 50 minutes in the afternoon in the form of warm-up exercises, main exercises and cooling down). Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Oxford Happiness Questionnaires and analyzed with spss 23 software and chi-square, t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests. At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. But at the end of the intervention, the average score of total sleep quality (p=0.045) and happiness (p=0.0001) showed a significant improvement in the intervention group.To improve physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, sleep and happiness, classical Pilates exercise can be recommended to be included in daily programs.
Mrs Nasim Sivandi, Dr Rohollah Nikooie, Dr Darioush Moflehi,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Amino acid taurine can increase the utilization of fatty acids and stimulation of lipolysis through augmentation of the expression of genes related to regulation of energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine supplement on lipid oxidation and substrate selection during exercise in obese women. 15 obese women (Body weight: 34.53 ± 6.33 (kg), BMI: 33.12 ± 3.23 (kg/m2)) performed a standard incremental test before and after 21 days of taurine supplementation (50 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected before and after the test and breath by breath mesurment of respiratory parameters were done throughout the test. FATmax (as the point at which fat contributes the most to the consumed energy) and Cross over point (as the point at which the predominant fuel changes from fat to carbohydrates, COP) were calculated. Heart rate, workload, and oxygen consumption corresponding to FATmax and COP were determined and compared between attempts before and after supplement consumption using independent t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Following taurine consumption for 21 days, the changes in serum levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones, maximum oxygen consumption, and time to exhustion during incremental exercise test were significantly higher than before supplement consumption. Nevertjeless, the consumption of supplement had no effect on heart rate, workload and oxygen consumption corresponding to FATmax and COP points. Despite the increase in performance variables during exercise, taurine supplementation has no effect on substrate selection during exercise in obese women.
Dr Malihe Aveseh, Dr Maryam Koushkie Jahromi, Dr Javad Nemati, Dr Saeed Esmaeili Mahani,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Lactate has been recently considered as a signaling factor involved in metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lactate entrance into the brain on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation.
24 male rats (age: 8 weeks, weight: 197 ± 21 g) were divided into control (C), trained (T), and traind+4-CIN (T+4-CIN, which experienced the inhibition of lactate entrance into the brain during exercise). All animals performed a single session of acute endurance exercise following their 12-weeks training protocol. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride content in plasma and adipose tissue and cAMP and Inositol triphosphate (PI3) content in epididymal fat were measured immediately after acute exercise using ELISA and were compared among the groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Acute exercise significantly increased lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) in both T and T+4-CIN compared to the C group. Lactate concentration was slightly lower in T + 4-CIN compared to the T. Immediately after acute endurance training, a significant decrease of 61 and 31% in plasma triglyceride levels, a significant decrease of 39 and 26% in adipose tissue triglyceride levels, a significant increase of 125 and 56% in plasma FFA levels, a significant increase of 217 and 125% increase in FFA plasma levels, a significant increase of 87 and 41% in adipose tissue cAMP levels, and a significant increase of 90 and 49% in adipose tissue inositol triphosphate levels was observed in the T and T+4-CIN compared to the control group, respectively (all P < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride and adipose tissue levels in the 4-CIN + training group were significantly higher and plasma and adipose tissue FFA levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05) than the values found in the T group. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that lactate can be effective on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation due to its action in the brain.
Mr Masoud Sebyani, Dr Hooman Minoonejad, Dr Elham Shirzad, Dr Mohammadhossein Alizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The Prone Hip Extension test (PHE) is used to evaluate the quality of motor control in the lumbopelvic region. Because of the similarity of this test to the walking and running pattern, it seems that muscle interaction in this test is important in hamstring injury. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of changing the activation patterns of muscles in prone hip extension on kinematical variables affecting hamstring injury. 28 male soccer players participated in this study. The prone hip extension test was used to evaluate and classify subjects, and based on the activation pattern, they were divided into two groups: normal pattern (N=14) and altered pattern (N=14). We used the Myon electromyography device to evaluate the prone hip extension test muscles activation pattern. Also, the kinematic evaluation of running was done on a treadmill at a speed of 20 km/h. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional video analyses were used to extract kinematic data (pelvic tilt, trunk lateral flexion, and trunk flexion). The range of motion in a running cycle and the amount of each variable at the moment of initial foot contact were used. An Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. The results of this research showed that there is a significant difference in the amount of trunk lateral flexion (p= 0/002), and trunk flexion (p= 0/024) at the moment of the initial foot contact and the range of motion of trunk lateral flexion (p=0/019), and trunk flexion (p=0/035) and pelvic tilt (p=0/008) in a running cycle between the changed pattern group and the normal group. The results of this research showed that changing the pattern of muscle activation in the prone hip extension test can increase the risk of a hamstring injury.
Dr Mostafa Haj Lotfalian, Dr Heydar Sadeghi, Mr Soroosh Bagheri,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the difference between inside kick, outside kick, toe foot kick and cheap kick with maximum effort, in some parameters associated with the electromyographic activity of the quadriceps muscle. Eight skilled collegiate soccer players volunteered as subjects in the study. These variables were included the average and maximum activation, activation time (AT), the time which the muscles reached to zenith activity (ZAT) and work (W). In order to calculate electromyography of selected muscles contain, RectusFemuris, VastusMedialis and VastusLateralis, ME6000 apparatus with 1080 Hz sample rate was used. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze data. The results indicate similarity between outside and toe foot kicks in average and maximum activity, activation time and work. thus there was no significant difference in electromyographic activity of the quadriceps muscles between these two kicks. But in many parameters, these two kicks were different with inside and cheap kicks. In a nutshell, according to the results, it can be said, quadriceps muscles during various kicks, adapting different trend of contraction which are dependent on the position of the muscles and limbs interaction during soccer kick. And outside kick could be created maximum stimulation in quadriceps.
Vahid Fazeli, Pezhman Motamedi, Hamid Rajabi, Neda Khaledi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise on aortic atherosclerosis and FGF23 in male rats with chronic renal failure. Methods: In this study, 20 male Wistar rats (mean weight 10 ± 250 g) were induced by NX5 / 6 method for chronic renal failure. After 2 weeks of recovery, they were randomly divided into two groups of control (n= 10) and combined training (n= 10) and performed a combined training protocol for 8 weeks. The combined training protocol consisted of two resistance training exercises on a ladder with 2 sets and 6 repetitions with percentages of body weight and aerobic exercise included 30 minutes of low-intensity treadmill activity. Results: The results showed that combined exercise reduced aortic atherosclerosis and decreased plaques, and FGF23 decreased significantly (p = 0.001). Parathoromon hormone also significantly decreased (p = 0.041) and calcium and phosphorus significantly decreased (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that combined training could decrease FGF23, parathoromon hormone, calcium and phosphor on aortic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease indices in chronic renal failure patients.
Zahra Ghahremani, Hassan Daneshmandi, Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of warm-up protocols (general and post-activation potentiation) on vertical jump performance and jump-landing technique in female handball players with trunk dysfunction. Twelve trained female handball players with trunk dysfunction participated voluntarily in this study. Subjects randomly performed three different warm-up protocols on separate days: 1- general warm-up protocol, 2- general warm-up with 2 repetitions of dynamic half-squat at %90 of one repetition maximum, 3- general warm-up with 2 repetitions of static half-squat at %90 of one repetition maximum. In the fifth minutes of recovery period after 3 protocols, subjects performed vertical jump and the Landing Error Scoring System tests, and Landing Error Scoring System scores, valgus and flexion angles, and vertical jump height was assessed. ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical data analysis. The jump height increased significantly after performing the second and third protocols related to general warm-up (p=0.039, p=0.047 respectively), but there weren’t a significant difference in Landing Error Scoring System score, valgus and flexion angles for three protocols. It seems that the special warm-up method by post-activation potentiation can improve vertical jump performance without influencing Anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.
Mohsen Soltani, Ali Barzegari, Saeed Naghibi, Mohammad Hassaan Dashty Khavidaki,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin supplementation and training on myostatin and follistatin levels in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Methods: For this purpose, 50 10-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 237±33 grams were randomly divided into five groups of 10 including: healthy control, diabetes, diabetes+supplement, diabetes+exercise, and diabetes+supplement+exercise. . The training protocol includes five sessions per week for eight weeks on a treadmill without a special slope. The rodents ran for 60 minutes at a speed of 25 meters per minute in each session.and the supplement groups received 50 mg/kg quercetin daily by gavage. The results showed that the difference in myostatin levels among the groups is significant (P=0.001). There was a significant decrease in myostatin levels between exercise+supplement+diabetes group with diabetes (P=0.002). There was also a significant difference between the supplement+diabetes and exercise+diabetes groups (P=0.009). Also, the results showed that the difference in follistatin levels among the groups is significant (P=0.001). The results showed that follistatin levels in the heart tissue increased significantly between the groups of diabetes, exercise+diabetes, supplement+diabetes and exercise+supplements+diabetes with the control group (respectively: P=0.005; P=0.001; P=0.001; P = 0.001).
It seems that moderate intensity aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation have a positive and beneficial effect on the levels of myostatin and folstatin.
Mojtaba Salehpour, Ali Sarlak, Hadi Samadi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: The increase of iron due to aging affects the process of ferroptosis, and the final product of lipid peroxidation, MDA, is the central regulator of ferroptosis. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of eight weeks of endurance training on the expression of GPX4 and MDA in the soleus muscle of aged male rats.
Materials and Methods: This study is of an experimental type. 20 healthy rats were divided into two groups of 10 each: training group and control group. The training was done incrementally for eight weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, the soleus muscle of mice was surgically removed and the amount of variables was measured by gene expression and ELISA methods.
Results: There was no significant difference in the level of GPX4 gene expression in the soleus muscle of exercise group rats compared to control group rats (p=0.4079). But the amount of MDA in the training group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p=0.0028).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the effect of endurance training in this research shows a decrease in ferroptosis. The absence of a significant difference in the level of GPX4 gene expression is a sign that endurance training with this intensity does not affect it.
Elahe Talebi-Garakani, Shokoufeh Kheradmand, Khadijeh Nasiri,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in postmenopausal women is higher compared to men. A decrease in estrogen with menopause leads to dysfunction in mitochondria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high intensity aerobic training(HIT) on the copy number of mitochondrial genome (mtDNAcn) and mitochondrial transcription factor A(Tfam) in visceral adipose tissue(VAT) in ovariectomized(OVX) rats fed with high-fat diet(HFD). 40 rats (8 weeks, 200±20 gr) were divided into 5 groups:1) normal diet (ND), 2) ND+OVX, 3) HFD, 4) HFD+OVX, and 5) HFD+OVX+HIT. HIT performed aerobic training (80-85% of maximum oxygen consumption) for 8 weeks/5 sessions/42 minutes.48 hours after the last training session, VAT samples were taken to evaluate mtDNAcn and Tfam gene expression by qRT-PCR method. ANOVA and LSD tests were used to compare the differences between groups. OVX and HFD didn’t lead to a significant change in Tfam gene expression, but caused a significant decrease in the mtDNAcn compared to the control group. HIT caused a significant increase in Tfam gene expression compared to the control group and Tfam gene expression and mtDNAcn compared to the HFD+OVX. Hence, HIT improves mitochondrial function through mtDNAcn and Tfam gene expression in VAT in OVX rats fed by HFD.
Javid Shah Hosseini, Arezoo Eskandari, Mohamad Fashi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
Using standard tests to assess maximum strength is very important where resistance training planning is based individually. This study aimed to estimate 1 repetition maximum of active women based on the Rating of Perceived and to provide a special predictive equation. 30 healthy women (20-35 years; BMI: 26.32 ± 3.34 kg/m2) performed one repetition of chest press with eyes close and then chose a number to determine the intensity by Rating of Perceived Exertion scale of 6-20. In order to evaluate the validity of the designed equation, one repetition of the maximum number of subjects was calculated by Brzycki equation, and correlation was determined by Pearson's correlation method. There was a high correlation between the present study equation and the Brzycki method (r=0.89) and also after cross validations (r=0.91). No significant difference was observed between the results of the present equation and the results of Berzyski's equation. It seems that the equation of the present study” 1RM={(20-RPE" /" 40) +1 }× weight/2 " can provide a reliable estimate for 1 repetition maximum of chest press in healthy women.
Elham Shahabpoor, Mohammad Amin Delavari,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in cancer patients.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training as a therapeutic method on muscle cachexia and cardiovascular consequences caused by breast cancer. After 2 weeks of breast cancer induction, 20 BALB/c mice (age: 6-8 weeks and weight: 17- 18 g) mice performed the maximum aerobic capacity test and were randomly allocated into tumor-control and tumor-exercise groups. The tumor-exercise group performed the endurance Training protocol for 6 weeks, 5 days a week with gradual increase in intensity from 12 to 20 (m.min-1) and duration from 25 to 55 minutes And 24 hours after the last training session, the maximum aerobic capacity test was performed. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed. Heart weight, weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle, heart mass index, ratio of weight of soleus muscle to body weight and ratio of weight of gastrocnemius muscle to body weight were measured in tumor-control and tumor-exercise groups. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05. The results of the present study showed a significant increase in heart weight (P=0.005), spleen weight (P=0.029), weight of the gastrocnemius muscle (P=0.009) and soleus muscle (P=0.022) in the tumor-exercise group compared to the tumor-control group. Also, significant increase in the heart mass index (P=0.016) and the ratio of the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle to the body weight (P=0.005) and the ratio of the soleus muscle to the body weight (P=0.021) were observed in the tumor-exercise group compared to the tumor-control group. In conclusion,Endurance training seems to be a potential treatment method and strategy to improve the health of the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system and reduce the process of muscle cachexia caused by breast cancer.
Hamdollah Hadi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of different doses of caffeine chewing gum on stress hormones and shooting performance of military men. The subjects of the present research were 10 commanders of Valiasr Police Training Center in Tabriz with a mean and standard deviation of age of 31.52±2.78 years, weight of 75.32±3.91 kilograms, His height was 176.14 ± 4.84 cm. The levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and oxytocin in the blood as well as shooting performance were measured after consuming different doses of caffeine. In the first phase, the placebo was given 15 minutes before the shooting. In the second, third and fourth stages (the time interval between each stage is 5 days), all the subjects were given caffeine gum with doses of 150, 200 and 300 mg 15 minutes before the shooting. Gum and placebo were given to the participants in a double-blind manner. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data(P≤0.05). The results of the present study showed that the consumption of caffeine gum in doses of 200 and 300 grams causes a significant decrease in all three stress hormones and also a significant increase in shooting performance, however, the consumption of a dose of 150 mg of caffeine don’t have an effect on the reduction of stress hormones and Shooting performance. According to these results, shooting athletes can be advised to use caffeine gum with doses of 200 and 300 mg before their training and competitions. However, more studies are needed to comment on the use of different doses of caffeine, especially in the form of chewing gum.
