Showing 20 results for Mm
Alireza Yousefi, Mahdiyeh Shahabinejad, Amimozafar Mini,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
Agricultural sector has an important role in development of countries. One of the obstacles to development in this sector, especially in Iran is significant fragmentation of agricultural lands. The aim of this study is to assess the farmers’ willingness to participate in land consolidation project using structural equation modeling. The population of this study consists of all farmers of Meymeh County and its surrounding cities and villages and Niloofar-Abi cooperative of Vazvan city. Data were collected on a sample of 156 farmers through face-to-face interviews based on a comprehensive structured questionnaire. Before the survey, the reliability and validity of questionnaire was initially evaluated on a pre-test study respectively by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, expert’s judgment and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criteria. The results of this study show that the most important factors on farmers' willingness to participation are crop acreage and number of plots which respectively has the greatest positive and negative effect. The awareness of the farmers about benefit of consolidation project is another factor which has significant and positive impact on farmers' willingness. Furthermore, level of farmers schooling has no significant effect.
Morad Kaviani, Morteza Tahami,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
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Volume 16, Issue 42 (12-2016)
Abstract
In this study is predicted the groundwater level of Sharif Abad catchment using some artificial intelligence models. For this purpose used of monthly groundwater levels for modeling in the three observed wells located in the Sharif Abad watershed of Qom. To compare the results of the hybrid model of wavelet analysis-neural network (WNN), genetic programming (GP) multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN), two criteria of root mean squared error (RMSE) and nash-sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (E) is used. The results of the study indicated that the WNN models provide more accurate monthly groundwater level predicted in compared to the ANN, GP and MLR models so the nash-sutcliffe coefficient in WANN model for piezometers 1, 2 and 3 are 0.98, 0.98 and 0.95, respectively.
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Sajad Ferdowsi, Najmeh Nazari Mazidi, Mehdi Modudi Arquhdi,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (5-2018)
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the index of Remaining carrying capacity of host community to tourism development. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the initial data, a field survey and a questionnaire were used. The study population is comprised of specialists related to the subject and residents of Shahroud (host community). The sample size for distribution of the host community questionnaire is 125 people (65 inhabitants, 41 tourism business owners, 19 officials). In this regard, 20 questionnaires have been considered for the survey of experts. Method of determining the carrying capacity of the host community in the study adapted of Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) that it is used for environmental impact assessment (EIA) and the limits of acceptable change (LAC). The results of data analysis showed that based on barometer of sustainability Alan Prescott, and according to the parameters obtained by (0.426), carrying capacity of the host community, by positioning the floor of 0.41 to 0.60 of the situation is balanced state. Therefore, it is understood that the host society has a balanced attitude towards tourism and is not opposed to its development. As a result, it is essential to use existing potentials in order to sustainable tourism development, necessary planning should be made by tourism managers to attract more tourists to this area.
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Dr Abazar Solgi, Dr Heidar Zarei, , ,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (6-2018)
Abstract
Estimating and predicting precipitation and achieving its runoff play an important role to correct management and exploitation of basins, management of dams and reservoirs, minimizing the flood damages and droughts, and water resource management, so they are considered by hydrologists. The appropriate performance of intelligent models leads researchers to use them for predicting hydrological phenomena more and more. Therefore, in this study, the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models were used to model monthly precipitation of Nahavand City. In this study, precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity data were used in a 32-year period (from 1983 to 2014). The results showed that the same and good performance of both models (R2= 0.92), but according to different evaluation criteria, GEP model showed a little better performance (RMSE= 0.0478 and 0.0486), while the running GEP model is so easier than the SVM model. Totally, it can be said that GEP model had been suitable for modeling monthly precipitation of Varayeneh station in Nahavand City. Finally, the monthly precipitation was predicted the GEP which showed a decrease in precipitation in compared with previous months.
Dr Mohamad Zaheri, Mr Ali Majnouni-Toutakhane,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (7-2019)
Abstract
The increased use of thermal power plants has led to the spread of greenhouse gases in the air and has caused psychological problems for humans. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to measure the pollutants released by Sahand Bonab thermal power plant and to investigate the effects of this pollution on the psychological and psychological pressure of rural residents. The GWP100 method was used to measure the pollutants of the power plant and to measure the mental and emotional pressures of the citizens, a questionnaire was used to assess the psychological stress of Markham. The statistical population of this study is 10254 people over 15 years of age in 7 villages located in the greenhouse of the power plant. Using formulas and simple random sampling, 375 subjects were selected as sample size. The results showed that the most pollutants released are CO2 and NOx, which is 4.17 times the warm seasons in the seasons. Also, analysis of the results by using a Pearson test showed that six variables including neurological and disturbing variables p= 0.272, stress and psychological stress p= 0.325, feeling of energy decrease, p= 0.287, feeling of despair and disappointment in life p = 0.142, feeling Depression in life of p= 0.211 and change in behavior patterns in everyday life p= 0.269 had the most effect on air pollution. Also, mental and psychological stress in nearby villages was higher than in remote villages, more women than young men than older men and elderly people. The results of multivariate regression and path analysis showed that in general, the air pollution caused by the power plant has the ability to explain R2 = 37.42 percent of the changes related to the psychological and psychological pressure of the villagers. Finally, it can be said that thermal power plants have negative mental and psychological effects according to type of activity, type of age and gender of the villagers, which should be considered in the studies of the construction of power plants.
Mr Amin Jairan, Mr Foead Purarian,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (12-2019)
Abstract
The Qajar government in Iran was based on the geopolitical conditions of the expansionism of the European states, including Russia, Britain and France in the Middle East. On the other hand, the geopolitical position of Iran in the issues and interests of the regional powers of the great powers, brought about the importance and attention to the court of Iran, and this geopolitical attention and importance was the basis of Iran's foreign relations with superpowers of time. On this basis, the Iranian government established a network of ministries to handle foreign affairs. Thus, the analysis of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' performance in Iran's political relations with foreign governments between the years (1200-1226), which reflects the geopolitical conditions of Iran during that period in the region and the international environment, can for the date Institutes and geopolitics can be solved. In this regard, this research is explained in a descriptive-analytical manner and its data and information are based on documents, manuscripts and library resources. The results of the research indicate that the foreign minister, as a manifestation of the State Department, in this historical period, while acknowledging the fact that Iran's geopolitical position in the region and international order has entered into its superficial duties, is due to the influence of other elements of power In the large-scale foreign decision-making, the role of the ceremonial role with its limited powers is diminished. But although the State Department was not able to decide independently of the other pillars of power, it was the ambassadors of this period who, by understanding the geopolitical position of Iran and the global conditions that could conceal the weak diplomacy of the Qajar apparatus and fill the vacuum of Iran's foreign policy apparatus.
Javad Jamalabadi, Mahammad Salmanimoghaddam, Ali Shekari Badi, Marzieh Nodeh,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
Temporary resettlement of the population after the earthquake is considered as a pivotal element of crisis management. The selection of suitable centers for the establishment of citizens can have a significant role in rescue and rescue services after the earthquake. The purpose of this study was to identify potential spots for the construction of shelters and temporary accommodation of the population during the occurrence of a possible earthquake. This research is applied in terms of its purpose. The method of study is descriptive-analytical and documentary. Firstly, using the Delphi method, 16 main and effective criteria for locating these centers were identified in the framework of six clusters including access to the communication network, natural features, spatial characteristics, consistent uses, risk management and demographic performance. Then, using the experts' opinions and the network analysis process, the final weight of each criterion was determined. The most important parameters in this research are population density indexes, grade 1 arterial pathways, and suitable area. Finally, by combining the layers of all indicators, a map of the temporary population settlements was prepared in Sabzevar city. The results of the research show that the lack of suitable spaces, including parks and open spaces for temporary accommodation of citizens in Sabzevar city, is quite evident. At the same time, the points of the city, which have adequate open spaces and are compatible with the surrounding land uses, have a relatively better potential for deployment. Accordingly, the best places for temporary accommodation of the population after the earthquake in Sabzevar, including the Eram Park in the north, Imam Reza Park and the Football Stadium in Southeastern City, Shahr-e Basi, National Park and Shariati Conservatory in the city center, tourist hostel, Green spaces and sports grounds in the west, and finally technical and vocational schools in the city of Tohid. In order to improve the conditions in the aftermath of the earthquake, some suggestions are presented in this study.
Dr. Mohammad Eskandari Sani,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
One of the UN Millennium Development Goals is women's participation in urban management. This article develops a theoretical framework for analyzing the relationship between community- based planning and women participation in cities. In this regard, collective action, social capital, and neighborhood as location for community planning are used. The framework identifies a series of variables that are theorized to affect a community's capacity to women participation. Method of study is analytical descriptive. The statistical population is women over 18 years old in Nematabad neighborhood. 29 questionnaires are distributed randomly. According to the findings it is recommended that, the strategy for development of community-based planning can be very effective in urban planning system in Iran as this strategy for host communities could bring about social welfare, justice, and socio- economic suitability. Also Social Network, marriage, education level, employment are the most important elements that affect women's participation in the development of community-driven development programs.
Mrs Sara Behvandi, Dr Mohammad Reza Zandmoghadam, Dr Abbas Arghan, Dr Zeinab Kekehabadi,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
Today, the huge economic damage of natural hazards, especially of the micro-organisms, to human societies has led the concept of economic sustainability to mitigate the effects of crises to become an important area in crisis management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of environmental hazards (effluents) on Ahwaz economy. This research can be considered as a type of applied-development research, and is a descriptive-analytical study in a correlation manner. The population of the study consisted of all residents of Ahwaz, in 1395, there were no more than 1302000 people. The sample size was 384, based on the Cochran formula, and randomly available. To investigate the data, the structural equation path analysis was used in Amos18 software. The results indicated that the microprocesses had an effect on the economy of Ahwaz with a coefficient of 0.31 and a significant level of 0.002. Also, the effect of fiery gradients was 0.73, and the significance level of 0.000 on the tax, the microguns, with the coefficient of influence 0.45 and the significance of 0.000 per facility, the effects of the micrographs with the coefficient of 0.55, and the significance of 0.000 on the housing, With a coefficient of influence of 0.17 and a significant amount of 0.008 on transportation. Accordingly, microblogging has the most impact on finance with a coefficient of 0.73, and transportation with a coefficient of influence of 0.17 has had the least effect.
Mohtaram Mirzaeian, Dr Bijan Rahmani, Dr Majid Shams, Dr Abbas Malekhoseini,
Volume 20, Issue 58 (10-2020)
Abstract
The real world has been created of extremely complex mosaics. The regional analysis entails the study of the mechanism of the processes involved in systems that are capable to explain the emergence, growth and decline of a region, but like any other geographic research, doing comparison in such a study is inevitable. The cities of the world are now the homes of more than half of the world’s population. Perhaps the most important global challenge of our age is to make sure that whether the planet remains habitable and provides sufficient resources for future generations. In this study, a descriptive-analytic method has been used to analyze the effects of information and communication technology in urban sustainable development in west urban areas of Kermanshah province. The statistical population of the study consisted of 184642 people that 386 individuals were randomly selected as the sample. The required data were collected by documentary-library method and field study and analyzed and processed using SPSS software and variance analysis model. The results showed that the cities of Qasr-eShirin, Gilan-e Gharb, KerendGharb, Sarpol-e Zahab and Islam AbadGharb obtained the first to fifth ranks respectively in terms of the affectability from information and communication technology in sustainable urban development.
Saeed Mohammadlou, Mohammad Mahdi Mozaffari, Babak Haji Karimi, Kamyar Kavosh,
Volume 21, Issue 62 (10-2021)
Abstract
One of the concepts that is widely considered in all societies today, especially in developed countries, is the electronic city. The e-city is not an invention or an innovative proposal, but a reality that has shown its place based on the needs of today's society. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of components of business preferences in achieving e-city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed as qualitative and quantitative validity and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha method and combined reliability. In this study, in order to analyze the research data from the software SPSS and Amose were used. Findings of this study showed that the variables of customer knowledge, customer focus, customer lifetime value, value creation, technology, useful interaction and communication quality have a positive and significant effect on the realization of e-city. Among the research variables, the customer-centric variable with a path coefficient of 0.38 had the most impact and the customer knowledge variable with a path coefficient of 0.19 had the least impact.
Mahdi Khazaei,
Volume 21, Issue 63 (2-2022)
Abstract
This study investigates the subtropical anticyclones and summer monsoons of the north hemisphere in the 500 hPa level, effective on Iran in a 38-year period (1975-2012). For this purpose, the data of geopotential heights of 500 hPa at 12 UTC with a spatial resolution of 2 by 2 degrees of the (NCEP/NCAR) were used. Results show that three independent patterns (Azores anticyclone, Saudi anticyclone and North West Africa anticyclone) and four combinatory patterns derived from the independent patterns have controlled the atmosphere of 500 hPa level of Iran. In most cases, the maximum in geopotential heights in above-mentioned anticyclone centers reach to more than 5920 geopotential meters, but often the tongue of these anticyclones control the atmosphere of 500 hPa levels of Iran with the geopotential height of 5880 to 5900 meters. In contrast, at this pressure level, the large-scale monsoon system is very weak and the maximum geopotential height of this system is about 5840 meters. The extent and intensity of the monsoon system has been reduced so that its tongues do not affect the 500 hPa level of Iran at any time. Given that the main factor in the development of large-scale monsoon system is the surface heating (bottom-up formation) and the main factor in the development of subtropical anticyclone is descending of atmospheric dynamics, the main reason for the development of summertime subtropical dynamic anticyclone should be a very strong and unit agent, something other than the summer monsoons.
Dr Alireza Mohammadi, Mr Reza Hashemi Masoomabad, Mrs Chnour Mohammadi,
Volume 21, Issue 63 (2-2022)
Abstract
One of the most important and urgent issues of urban planning is the equitable distribution of facilities, services and accessibility of citizens at the urban level. Economic and commercial centers, including banks and financial institutions, are one of the most important economic sectors of cities and can be sustained. Social, economic, physical, and environmental impacts of neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of citizenschr('39') access to commercial land use in Ardebil neighborhoods. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study is 44 localities of Ardabil city. Spatial statistics models, Hot Spot Analysis, and GIS software were used for data analysis. Finally, regression function in Idrisi Selva software was used to analyze the correlation between commercial user and population as well as to determine the relationship and correlation of this user with other service users. The results show that in Ardabil neighborhoods there is inequality in terms of overall business use. As a result, the neighborhoods have high commercial use weights and high concentrations of hot spots in optimum condition, including areas 3 and 5 from zone 2, zone 7 from zone 1 and zone 6 from zone 3. Also, commercial low weight blocks and low concentrations of hot spots, which include areas 8 and 11 from zone 2, area 11 from zone 3, are lower in urban sustainability. Finally, based on the results of the research, some suggestions have been made.
Rasha Makoundi, Hossein Safarzadeh, Hassan Esmailpour, Mansoureh Aligholi,
Volume 22, Issue 64 (4-2022)
Abstract
Today, the Internet and virtual networks have become a major part of many people's daily lives, and social networking sites attract millions of people from all over the world, so word of mouth has shifted to the digital world. The present study was written to identify the impact of factors affecting online referral communication in social networks on the loyalty of tourism service customers. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of virtual network users who had experience traveling to the area. The sample size was estimated 384 people using Cochran's formula. In this study, SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data. Findings of this study showed that message attractiveness, resolution, quantity and clarity of the message have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty of tourism services. Also, the results of this study showed that among the studied factors, the message quantity factor with an impact factor of 0.67 has the most impact.
Mrs Zahra Ebadi Nehari, Dr Mahdi Erfanian, Mrs Sima Kazempour Choursi,
Volume 23, Issue 68 (4-2023)
Abstract
Drought is a complex phenomenon caused by the breaking of water balance and it has always an impact on agricultural, ecological and socio-economic spheres. Although the drought indices deriving from remote sensing data have been used to monitor meteorological or agricultural drought, there are no indices that can suitably reflect the comprehensive information of drought from meteorological to agricultural aspects. In this study, the synthesized drought index (SDI) as a synthesized index from the vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI) and precipitation condition index (PCI) were used for comprehensive drought monitoring in the Urmia Lake Basin (ULB) based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For this purpose, MOD13A3, MOD11A2 and TRMM 3B43 data series were downloaded y for the period of 2001–2012. After initial processing, drought indicators were calculated using LST NDVI and TRMM data, and monthly drought severity maps were prepared. In order to validate SDI index, the Correlation relationship between SDI and SPI indices was obtained in the 3 month period during the growing season. As well as, SDI correlation relationships were investigated with wheat and barley crop yields. The results indicate that drought occurred in 2008 and 2001 in the ULB. The results of validation show that there is a correlation of 80% between the two SDI and SPI indicators. Also, the results of this study showed that the SDI index, as a comprehensive index of drought monitoring, reflects the effects of drought on agriculture.
Mehrdad Mohamadpour Shatery, Hoshang Taghizadeh, Sahar Khoshfetrat,
Volume 23, Issue 69 (7-2023)
Abstract
Poverty is a social, economic, cultural and political reality that has long been one of the greatest human problems. The diversity of problems, needs and problems of the deprived and low-income groups of the society and the multiplicity of poverty indicators on the one hand, and on the other hand the lack of financial resources and credits to solve the poverty indicators, organizations in charge of poor affairs, including Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Has faced serious challenges in the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to classify the clients of Tabriz Relief Committee from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators, ranking these clusters in terms of cost and finally allocating productive and optimal resources for each cluster. In this way, with the least resources, a wide range of the needy benefit from these resources. To do this, with cluster analysis of data extracted from the system, 700 clients of Tabriz Relief Committee have been clustered from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators and K-mean method. The results of this study were a cluster structure consisting of 10 clusters, which according to the characteristics of the clusters, titles for the clusters were considered. Finally, in order to rank the clusters, a multi-characteristic SAW decision-making method has been used. The research findings show the difference between the effectiveness of allocation in clustering method compared to other traditional methods.
Masood Safari Aliakbari, Mohammad Reza Poodineh, Mohammad Azadpour,
Volume 23, Issue 70 (10-2023)
Abstract
The drought occurs in a large number of livelihoods of rural households, especially in villages of border areas facing livelihoods. To deal with these effects, the use of coping strategies in rural areas is essential. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on rural communities and identify strategies for coping with its implications in border villages in Zahedan. The present research is in terms of purpose, applied and method of combined (quantitative and qualitative). The data collection tool and questionnaire were observed and interviewed with farmers and villagers. The statistical society is related to rural households in Zahedan (10278 households), which uses a simple quota and random quota sampling 380 Household was selected as the first instance. In order to analyze quantitative data, Johansson's exploratory test was used. Exploratory interviews were used to investigate and analyze qualitative analyzes. The results showed that drought in Zahedan city villages had the greatest effect on reducing water resources, cultivation, employment, income, rural poverty, number of livestock or animal products, rural migration, vegetation loss, erosion and soil salinity and reduced price Had land and land. The results of the use of coping practices among farmers in the region showed that the status of using these actions is not suitable, and more than half of the farmers do not use these methods. However, some farmers have used more relatively simple and low cost methods that do not need to specialize and with the characteristics of border villages. In terms of farmers, such as smuggling fuel and goods, leaving the village and migrate to the city, addressing non-agricultural jobs, flooring or lyrics of Qanat and manual nutrition of livestock as the most important methods for compatibility with drought and decrease The effects are it.
D.r Ali Akbar Anabestani, D.r Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad,
Volume 24, Issue 72 (6-2024)
Abstract
Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the youngest research areas to show that in Iran, one of the largest countries in Asia and has rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities, the issue of native rural entrepreneurship has not been addressed so far. Therefore, the present article, as an analytical assessment and with a variety of approaches based on richness and conceptual diversity in the fields of social sciences, economic, planning and rural development, uses a systematic approach, while introducing entrepreneurship while introducing entrepreneurship. Rural native to introduce native rural entrepreneurship to the context of future research in the country. This article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of native entrepreneurship research by analyzing literature and research lines. In this regard, the present article, which is intended for the purpose and information provided by the documentary method, sought to answer the questions about what elements of the difference between native rural entrepreneurship and classical entrepreneurship? What are the unique goals and characteristics of rural native entrepreneurship? And what are the (model) pattern for the development of native rural entrepreneurship in Iran? The results of the study indicate that indigenous entrepreneurship is different from classical/ Western entrepreneurship, and emphasizes elements such as the use of indigenous resources, indigenous cultural values, collective interest, family relationships and family/ family ties. The results showed that rural native entrepreneurship is not necessarily in response to market needs and is mostly aimed at providing family livelihoods, environmental protection, cultural and spiritual value. Unlike Western-style entrepreneurship, rural native entrepreneurship shows elements of equality-equality, collective/kinship activity, and emphasis on available cultural values and natural resources. Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is often carried out with intra -household livelihoods and mostly with non -economic goals such as preserving livelihoods, preserving indigenous culture, protecting the environment and spiritual goals.
Mehrdad Mohamadpour Shatery, Hoshang Taghizadeh, Sahar Khoshfetrat,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (12-2024)
Abstract
The phenomenon of poverty is a social, economic, cultural, and political reality that has long been one of the greatest human problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting poverty and examine the internal relations and its leveling with an interpretive structural approach in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tabriz. In this regard, based on the factors extracted from literature, a questionnaire has been developed. In this phase, 41 indicators have been selected as the most important indicators affecting poverty at Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tabriz city. After obtaining appropriate validity and reliability for the questionnaire, it has been distributed among the statistical sample. After distributing the questionnaire, factor analysis was used to analyze the information and reduce the variables to dimensions. The results of factor analysis showed that about 68.3% of the total variance of variables was explained by 14 factors and about 31.7% of the variance was explained by other variables that were not measured. As a result, 14 factors have been identified as the most important factors affecting poverty. These 14 factors are important in order of importance: 1- Economic; 2- Social; 3- Individual; 4- Legal; 5- Family; 6; Environment; 7; Political; 8; Management; 9; Cultural; 10- Overseas; 11. Security; 12. Scientific; 13. Organizational; 14. Geographical. Finally, the interrelationships between factors and the leveling of poverty-related factors have been examined by presenting an extended structural-comparative model (ISM).
