Volume 25, Issue 76 (4-2025)
jgs 2025, 25(76): 0-0 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ghassabi Z, Ghaemi H, Mirzaei E. convection initiation. jgs 2025; 25 (76)
URL: http://jgs.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4155-en.html
URL: http://jgs.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4155-en.html
1- , emirzaei@gmail.com
Abstract: (1633 Views)
The structure of deep moist convection can be influenced by wind shear, available potential energy of convection, relative humidity and vertical distribution of each of these variables, along with other effective factors, among which wind shear plays a more important role in creating convection. Due to the large and synoptic scale processes, along with the adjustment of the available potential energy for convection and the convection inhibitor, create suitable conditions for the creation of convection. The role of the large-scale average causes the reduction of the convection inhibitor, but the vertical velocity of even a few centimeters per second can have an obvious effect on the environment sounding. Also, the presence of potential instability is usually considered an important factor in the initiation of deep moist convection. It can be seen that when the temperature reaches the critical point and the convection inhibitor is removed, moist deep convection begins. In the case that the air parcel that rises above the lower stable layer may have a low relative convective inhibition energy and a high relative free convective potential energy, which causes the support of deep moist convection. The warm air mass continues the initiation of updrafts, and the subsequent development of convection depends on parameters such as vertical wind shear and the inversion cap of the environment, among other parameters. Large-scale convective systems can be released with less forcing due to the massive rise of the air mass on the surface of the front to the level of convection.
Keywords: Deep moist convection, convection initiation, potential energy of convection, convection inhibition
References
1. Arnott, N. R., Y. P. Richardson, J. M. Wurman, and E. N. Rasmussen, 2006: Relationship between a weakening cold front, misocyclones, and cloud development on 10 June 2002 during IHOP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 311-335. [DOI:10.1175/MWR3065.1]
2. Banacos, P. C., and D. M. Schultz, 2005: The use of moisture flux convergence in forecasting convective initiation: Historical and operational perspectives. Wea.Forecasting, 20, 351-366. [DOI:10.1175/WAF858.1]
3. Crook, N. A., and J. B. Klemp, 2000: Lifting by convergence lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 873-890.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0873:LBCL>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)0572.0.CO;2]
4. Doswell, C. A., III, 1987: The distinction between largescale and mesoscale contribution to severe convection: A case study example. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 3-16.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1987)002<0003:TDBLSA>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0434(1987)0022.0.CO;2]
5. Droegemeier, K. K. and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1985: Three-dimensional numerical modeling of convection produced by interacting thunderstorm outflows. Part I: Control simulation and low-level moisture variation. J. Atmos. Sci., 42. 2381-2403.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<2381:TDNMOC>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(1985)0422.0.CO;2]
6. Farrell, R. J., and T. N. Carlson, 1989: Evidence for the role of the lid and underrunning in an outbreak of tornadic thunderstorms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 857-871.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<0857:EFTROT>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)1172.0.CO;2]
7. Jorgensen, D. P., and T. M. Weckwerth, 2003: Forcing and organization of convective systems. Radar and Atmospheric Science: a Collection of Essays in Honor of David Atlas, Meteor. Monogr., No. 52, 75-104. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-878220-36-3_4]
8. Kingsmill, D. E., 1995: Convection initiation associated with a sea-breeze front, a gust front, and their collision. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2913-2933.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2913:CIAWAS>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)1232.0.CO;2]
9. Koch, S. E., 1984: The role of an apparent mesoscale frontogenetical circulation in squall line initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 2090-2111.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<2090:TROAAM>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1984)1122.0.CO;2]
10. Lee, B. D., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1997a: The numerical simulation of non-supercell tornadogenesis. Part I: nitiation and evolution of pretornadic misocyclone circulations along a dry outflow boundary. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 32-60.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0032:TNSONS>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)0542.0.CO;2]
11. Markowski, P. M., C. Hannon, and E. Rasmussen, 2006: Observations of convection initiation 'failure' from the 12 June 2002 IHOP deployment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 375-405. [DOI:10.1175/MWR3059.1]
12. Marquis et al. (2007). Wakimoto, R. M., H. V. Murphey, E. V. Browell, and S. Ismail, 2006: The 'triple point' on 24 May 2002 during IHOP. Part I: Airborne Doppler and LASE analyses of the frontal boundaries and convection initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 34, 231-250. [DOI:10.1175/MWR3066.1]
13. Weckwerth, T. M., and D. B. Parsons, 2006: A review of convection initiation and motivation for IHOP_2002. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 5-22. [DOI:10.1175/MWR3067.1]
14. Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<2516:IOCSAR>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)1142.0.CO;2]
15. Wilson, J. W., G. B. Foote, N. A. Crook, J. C. Fankhauser, C. G. Wade, J. D. Tuttle, and C. K. Mueller, 1992: The role of boundary-layer convergence zones and horizontal rolls in the initiation of thunderstorms: a case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1785-1815.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1785:TROBLC>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)1202.0.CO;2]
16. Ziegler, C. L., and E. N. Rasmussen, 1998: The initiation of moist convection at the dryline: forecasting issues from a case study perspective. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1001-1026.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1001:CIATDA>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)1252.0.CO;2]
17. Ziegler, C. L., T. J. Lee, and R. A. Pielke, 1997: Convection initiation at the dryline: a modeling study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1001-1026.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1001:CIATDA>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)1252.0.CO;2]
18. Browning, K. A., 1986: Morphology and classification of mid-latitude thunderstorms. Thunderstorm Morphology and Dynamics, E. Kessler, Ed., 2nd edn. University of Oklahoma Press, 133-152.
19. Doswell, C. A., III, 2001: Severe convective storms-an overview. Severe Local Storms, Meteor. Monogr., No. 50, 1-26. [DOI:10.1175/0065-9401-28.50.1]
20. Johnson, R. H., and B. E. Mapes, 2001: Mesoscale processes and severe convective weather. Severe Local Storms,Meteor. Monogr., No. 50, 71-122. [DOI:10.1175/0065-9401-28.50.71]
21. Jorgensen, D. P., and T. M. Weckwerth, 2003: Forcing and organization of convective systems. Radar and Atmospheric Science: a Collection of Essays in Honor of David Atlas, Meteor. Monogr., No. 52, 75-104. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-878220-36-3_4]
22. Richardson, Y. P., K. K. Droegemeier, and R. P. Davies-Jones, 2007: The influence of horizontal environmental variability on numerically simulated convective storms. Part I: Variations in vertical shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3429-3455. [DOI:10.1175/MWR3463.1]
23. Schaefer, J. T., L. R. Hoxit, and C. F. Chappell, 1986: Thunderstorms and theirmesoscale environment. Thunderstorm Morphology and Dynamics, E. Kessler, Ed., 2nd edn. University of Oklahoma Press, 113-131.
24. Weisman and Klemp (1982).
25. Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1984: The structure and classification of numerically simulated convective storms in directionally varying wind shears. Mon. Wea.Rev., 112, 2479-2498.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<2479:TSACON>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1984)1122.0.CO;2]
26. Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1986: Characteristics of isolated convective storms. Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting, P. S. Ray, Ed. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 331-358. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-935704-20-1_15]
27. Fovell, R. G., and Y. Ogura, 1989: Effect of vertical wind shear on numerically simulated multicell storm structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3144-3176.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<3144:EOVWSO>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)0462.0.CO;2]
28. Fovell, R. G., and P. S. Dailey, 1995: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part I: Modes of behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2073-2095.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2073:TTBONS>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)0522.0.CO;2]
29. Fovell, R. G., and P.-H. Tan, 1998: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part II: The convective cell life cycle and cell regeneration. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 551-577.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0551:TTBONS>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)1262.0.CO;2]
30. Marwitz, J. D., 1972b: The structure and motion of severe hailstorms. Part II: Multicell storms. J. Appl.Meteor., 11, 180-188.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1972)011<0180:TSAMOS>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0450(1972)0112.0.CO;2]
31. Wilhelmson, R. B., and C.-S. Chen, 1982: A simulation of the development of successive cells along a cold outflow boundary. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1466-1483.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1466:ASOTDO>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0469(1982)0392.0.CO;2]
32. Yang,M.-J., and R. A. Houze, Jr., 1995: Multicell squall-line structure as a manifestation of vertically trapped gravity waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 641-660.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0641:MSLSAA>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)1232.0.CO;2]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences are fully compliant with open access mandates, by publishing its articles under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
