Showing 11 results for Macroeconomic
Dr Hosein Sadeghih, Keyvan Shahab Lavasani, Mahmood Baghjari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (10-2010)
Abstract
The intensive effects of “targeted subsidies plan” and its implementation and that of the price of energy carriers on macroeconomic variables such as private consumption and Gross National Product, therefore increase in the price of energy carriers and the relevant issues have been debating and discussing for a long time. Regarding the significance of the issue and also its effect on the economic and society welfare, further and more comprehensive investigations into this subject seems to be necessary. This paper is presented with a review of previous studies and then explores the effect of the increase in the price of energy carriers on the three important macroeconomic variables, i.e. GDP growth, inflation and private consumption in the context of a structural vector regression to model SVAR. The results show that due to implementation of this plan, the economic growth and the private consumption decrease but the inflation will increase. The results showed that, the energy price index shocks the most influence on inflation variation are explained so that voters, in the medium term and long-term changes and about 40 percent of fluctuations in inflation, energy price shocks is described. Other findings of this study is that, in the long-term energy price shocks indices respectively about 20 and 11 percent of the fluctuations in private consumption and gross domestic product by the explained. It should be noted that all results, without considering the effects of resource redistribution payment received from government subsidies are.
Hosein Sharifi-Renani, Naghmeh Honarvar, Mohammadreza Tavakolnia,
Volume 5, Issue 16 (7-2014)
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of oil shocks on GDP, prices level, money and exchange rates in Iran by using the structural vector error correction (SVEC) approach model covering the period 1980Q2-2010Q1. The findings of this study reveal that positive shock in oil real price has significant and positive effect on the real GDP in the short, medium and long. The impact of oil price shocks on domestic prices in the short, medium and long term is negative and significant, such as creating a positive shock to the real price of crude oil, reduce the domestic price. In addition, a positive shock to the real price of crude oil has the negative effect of the exchange rate in the short, medium and long term. However, the impact of oil price shock on the real exchange rate is permanent. Imports also will increase, due to the increase in wealth and demand for intermediate products. On the other hand, a positive shock to the real residual money in the short run cause to immediate increases in real out put.
Saeed Rasekhi, Mojtaba Montazeri,
Volume 6, Issue 22 (12-2015)
Abstract
Regarding to the importance of the relationship between macroeconomic instability and exchange rate pass-through, present study by using EGARCH and smooth transition regression (STR) model has examined the nonlinear effect of macroeconomic instability on the exchange rate pass-through of Iran during the period 1963-2010. For this, firstly the macroeconomic instability index has been estimated using EGARCH and then, by using STR, the research hypothesis which is that the macroeconomic instability has a nonlinear and positive effect on the exchange rate pass-through has been examined. Based on the obtained results in this research, macroeconomic instability has the macroeconomic instability has a positive effect on the exchange rate pass through in both regimes, although an increasing in volatility increases rate pass-through. So, the sequence of economic policies is important and specifically, we suggest that macroeconomic instability reduction policies should be prior to exchange rate policies.
Dr Alireza Garshasbi, Mr Mojtaba Yusefi,
Volume 7, Issue 25 (10-2016)
Abstract
Legal and economic dimensions of sanctions, and also its diversity make it difficult to evaluate the contribution of the sanctions on macroeconomic variables; besides quantification of sanction by itself is a major problem. As the first step in this study, we try to offer a new index for representing the sanction in economic modeling. For this purpose by applying the exploratory factor analysis approach, we try to measure the mentioned index and produce the time series for the period of 1978-2010; here twelve variables which are mainly affected by the sanctions included in related process. Then, applying three-stage least squares (3SLS) method for a small macroeconomic model, the contribution of the sanctions on major economic variables such as economic growth, trade, investment and employment are evaluated. According to the findings of this study, the direct effects of sanctions are only significant in growth and term of trade equations. It seems also that there is a direct relationship between severity of the sanctions and its impact on major economic variables.
Yunes Salmani, Kazem Yavari, Hossein Asgharpour, Bahram Sahabi,
Volume 9, Issue 32 (7-2018)
Abstract
One of the major problems in Iranian economy is continuous deficit in the budget operating balance due to the non-optimal government size. The government often financed a part of this deficit by debt cearation. Government debts depends on its size and decomposition have variety macroeconomic effects. So, this study investigated the macroeconomic effects of government debt in iran during 1352-1393 by a SVAR model. the result showed that government debt to Nondepository Institutions leads to aggregate demand surplus, increasing of relative price of nontradable goods to tradable goods and decreasing of gdp. The debt to central bank increase price level and decrease gdp. Finally, government debt to other Depository Institutions leads to aggregate demand surplus, increasing of real exchange rate, decreasing of relative price of nontradable goods to tradable goods, decreasing of general price level and increasing of gdp. Also, according to the results of variance decomposition, the government can control a significant part of short run and long run macroeconomic fluctuations by managing its debts.
Parviz Rostamzadeh, Ruhollah Shahnazi, Mogammad Sadeq Neisani,
Volume 9, Issue 32 (7-2018)
Abstract
Credit risk is due to that recipients of the facility, deliberately or involuntarily, don’t have ability to repay their debts to the banking system that this risk is critical in Iran compared to the global. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on credit risk of Iranian banking industry during the 2006-2016 years and also simulation and prediction of credit risk situation in 2017 under different stress scenarios, bu using stress test. Data used in this research is time series and seasonal. In order to implement a stress test and achieve the purpose of the research, first, the effective macroeconomic variables and the rate of each one's influence on the credit risk are determined using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). Accordingly, the inflation rate, exchange rate, unemployment rate and housing index in total have a positive effect and variables GDP, the interest rate of bank facilities and the volume of concessional facilities to both government and non-governmental sectors, have a negative impact on credit risk. In the following, using the stress test, simulation of critical situations and prediction of credit risk values in 2017. This was done in three scenarios with titles of mild stress, extreme stress, and hyperstress that in each scenario, different shocks are applied to the variables affecting credit risk. The results of the stress test and scenarios show that the compulsory reduction of interest rates on bank facilities in all three scenarios, initially in the second quarter of 2017, leads to a reduction in credit risk, but rising exchange rates, rising inflation, falling economic growth, as well as accumulation of past values of credit risk, has led to a rapid increase in credit risk and also in scenarios with more severs shocks, has led to catastrophic increase of credit risk in later periods in all scenarios.
Mehdi Sajedi, Abbas Amini Fard, Masoud Nunezhad , Ali Haghighat,
Volume 10, Issue 37 (10-2019)
Abstract
In this paper ,in order to investigate the economic effects of the minimum wage policy on macroeconomic variables in the framework of the new Keynesian theory, a dynamic stochastic equilibrium general (DSGE) model has been simulated and estimated for an open and small oil exporter economy conforming with the structure of Iran's economy in the range from 1370 to 1395 .In the above mentioned model, nominal rigidity (wages and prices) and consumer habits are considered to be in line with the economic condition of the country, the labor market is classified in to sectors of unskilled and skilled labor. The main purpose of this study is to find an answer determining the annual minimum wage based on the CPI mechanism, in which the economy is exposed to supply demand shocks and monetary and financial policies, impacts on the macroeconomic variables, namely GDP, inflation, employment and total wage growth. The results of the simulation and estimation of this model, which show that the simulated data torques are consistent with real-world are based data based on calibration, show that by an increase in the minimum wage can contribute to not only a rise in inflation and total wage level, but also a fall in GPD, consumption &investment in the short time.
Roozbeh Balounejad Nouri, Amirali Farhang,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (11-2021)
Abstract
This paper aims at investigating the asymmetric impact of long-term and short-term macroeconomic variables on the capital market prices of Iran.Macroeconomic variables are inflation, exchange rate, non-oil trade balance and crude oil prices. In order to investigate these relationships, the quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) method introduced by Cho et al. (2015) has been used. For this purpose, monthly data related to Iran's economy in the period 2008: M9-2021: M6, have been used. Findings show that in the short run, the macro variables used except the trade balance and oil prices have an asymmetric effect on the capital market price index. In the long run, all variables except oil price have an asymmetric effect on the stock price index and the effect of oil price is symmetrical and significant. This conclusion shows that in situations where the stock market price index is in a state of prosperity, recession or normal, except for oil prices, the effect of research variables on this index is not the same and even this effect is different in the short and long term.
Mehdi Sajedi, Abbas Amini Fard, Masoud Nunezhad, Ali Haghighat,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (5-2022)
Abstract
In this paper, in order to determine the optimal minimum wage policy in Iran, in the framework of the new Keynesian theory, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model was estimated for a small and open oil-exporting economy, according to the structure of Iran's economy in the time range of 1190 to 2019. In this model, the nominal rigidity and work habits in the supply and demand sectors are considered, and in order to simulation the economic conditions of the country, meanwhile classify the labor market in two parts; the skilled (whose maximizes its wage based on its utility) and unskilled labor, the model has considered to four parts. The main purpose of this study is to answer the question of determining and adjusting the annual minimum wage based on which of the indicators of inflation, the growth of the total wage and a combination of inflation indicators and productivity of production factors, in a situation where the economy is exposed to markup of wages and prices shocks, supply and the demand of the economy and monetary and financial policies, was optimal and it causes the least negative fluctuation (deviation) on macroeconomic variables including inflation, employment, production, consumption and investment. Based on this study, three scenarios were designed and the effect of minimum wage on economic variables was analyzed. The results of the simulation and estimation of this model, which indicate the matching of the moments of the simulated data with the real world data and based on calibration in all three scenarios, it shows that the selection sum of inflation growth and the productivity indexes to adjust the minimum wage policy, although it has cyclical effects on inflation, in comparison to other scenarios, it has the least negative deviation on economic variables and can be used as an optimal indicator for choosing the minimum wage in the Supreme Labor Council of the country.
Dr Saleh Taheri Bazkhaneh,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (12-2023)
Abstract
Monetary policy modeling is one of the important areas in macroeconomics, which has been expanded after the pioneering study of Taylor (1993) in the framework of the central bank's reaction function. By applying new econometric approaches, economists try to answer the controversies in the literature and provide new implications by evaluating the monetary policy and its relationship with macroeconomic stability. In this regard, the current research has used the continuous wavelet transform and its tools to investigate the relationship between monetary policy and the production gap, inflation deviation and the gap in the foreign exchange market in Iran's economy. The results show that in the period of 1989-2022, the central bank only in the short term (less than one year) puts the output gap under its target or affects it arbitrarily. This is important for the deviation of inflation from its long-term trend in the short-term and medium-term (1-4 years). Due to the intertwining of the monetary policy and the currency market, which is due to the lack of independence of the central bank, the tendency to suppress the exchange rate and the contagion of imbalances to the monetary base, the relationship between the monetary policy and the gap in the currency market is unstable.The information and analysis presented in the field of time-frequency, taking into account the developments of Iran's economy, can be useful for those interested in this field.
Dr Hossein Samsami Mazrae Akhoond, Mr Ahmad Bakhtiyari,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (12-2023)
Abstract
The unmanaged control of liquidity growth has always been the concern of policymakers due to its negative consequences. Recently, policymakers have focused on the needing to control the liquidity growth. One of the liquidity drivers is the government borrowing from the central bank. In this regard, governments have concerned for the issue of not borrowing from the central bank since the 2000s onwards. Although governments are limiting themselves for this borrowing, they force banks and financial institutions to borrow from that source. For this purpose, this study designs a macroeconomic model by including the net debt of the public sector to the central bank as well as to banks and financial institutions via the government's financial balance channel. This model shows the relationships of economic variables in the framework of a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, considering nominal and real frictions. The results confirm the reliability of the model for simulating the economy of Iran after determining the input values and calibrating the parameters of the model using the Iran's economy data during 2000-2020. The findings from the research data show that the net increase in government sector debt to banks and non-banking credit institutions has a positive effect on investment, in such a way that new liquidity by the government obtained from institutions and banks It has been produced in the form of new deposits at the disposal of the department. The net impulse of public sector debt to the central bank causes an increase in consumption in the utility function and the total consumption of a combination of public goods and services provided by the government as well as private consumption goods and services. Also, the net impulse of public sector debt to the central bank causes an increase in inflation and a slight growth of production, and the net impulse of public sector debt to banks and credit institutions increases inflation and stimulates production.
